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Mas Totosaus, el rescat d'una joia històrica que torna a brillar
Get PDFProjectat l’any 1906 per l’arquitecte reusenc Pere Caselles, el Mas Totosaus és una joia històrica situada als afores de Reus. Aquesta antiga masia ha estat testimoni de nombrosos esdeveniments al llarg de la seva història i, recentment, ha experimentat un procés de rehabilitació per preservar el seu esplendor i obrir les seves portes al públic. Amb el temps, l’edifici va patir un deteriorament progressiu i va estar en perill de perdre’s per sempre. És llavors quan es va iniciar un projecte de rehabilitació per tornar-li el seu antic esplendor i convertir-lo en un espai social i patrimonial, amb un clar ús administratiu, per al gaudi de tothom. El procés de rehabilitació ha inclòs la restauració de l’estructura original, la renovació dels interiors i la creació d’espais multifuncionals que poden acollir activitats i usos concrets. A més de la restauració física de l’edifici, s’han realitzat investigacions històriques per comprendre millor el seu passat i el seu context. S’han recuperat objectes i documents antics que llancen llum sobre la vida a la masia al llarg dels segles. La rehabilitació del Mas Totosaus no només ha preservat un valuós patrimoni històric, sinó que també ha contribuït a l’enriquiment cultural de la comunitat. Aquest projecte és un exemple de com la conservació del passat pot impulsar el futur, oferint oportunitats per a l’aprenentatge, l’apreciació cultural i el gaudi de la història local més viva. L’import de contracte, dels treballs de rehabilitació i d’urbanització exterior és de 234.584,89 euros. En paral·lel, l’Ajuntament ha adjudicat el contracte de subministrament del mobiliari del nou equipament per a la obertura del nou servei, per un import de 29.733,61 euros. En aquest espai d’Edificis Singulars, parlem a Fons d’aquesta actuació de rehabilitació amb Maria Escoda Cabré, arquitecte tècnic que ha dirigit les obres de Mas Totosaus i que coneix a la perfecció tots els detalls d’aquesta interesantíssima intervenció
Materiales naturales y soluciones técnicas basadas en la construcción tradicional: análisis de patologías y casos prácticos
No full textLa bioconstrucción es un enfoque arquitectónico que promueve la sostenibilidad y la integración de los edificios en su entorno, utilizando materiales naturales y soluciones técnicas respetuosas con el medio ambiente, la salud humana y el propio edificio. Este trabajo aborda el tema de la bioconstrucción y su relación con la construcción tradicional, su impacto en el medio ambiente y la sociedad, sus beneficios y la importancia y ventajas del uso de materiales tradicionales y locales, como la cal, la madera, la tierra y el barro cocido, entre otros. Se profundizará en el uso de la cal en la construcción tradicional y los distintos tipos que existen, dando pequeñas pautas que ayuden y guíen a los técnicos a elegir la más adecuada para cada intervención. Se analizarán soluciones técnicas inspiradas en la construcción tradicional para abordar patologías comunes en rehabilitación, como las humedades de capilaridad, a veces derivadas de mala praxis. Se discutirá cómo los técnicos pueden contribuir a prescribir soluciones definitivas y se analizarán varios ejemplos prácticos y casos de estudios, haciendo comparativa con soluciones técnicas modernas.Consejo General de la Arquitectura Técnica de Españ
Relationship between the acoustic emission and the strain field in finger joints of engineered wood products for construction
No full textThe use of Engineered Wood Products (EWPs) for buildings is becoming very popular because they favor decarbonization in the construction sector and improve the performance and mechanical properties of solid timber. Finger joint technology makes it possible to remove the natural defects of timber (knots, splits, decay areas, etc.), providing for clearer timber and the manufacture of larger structural elements. Nowadays, glued laminated timber (GLT) and cross laminated timber (CLT) are the most used products, suitable even for tall buildings. The finger joints —given the adhesive used and the increased friction surface due to their geometry— allow stress to be transferred efficiently between the joined lamellae, making them behave mechanically almost like a single piece of solid timber. The quality control of these products is therefore crucial. In this work, the longitudinal and transverse strain fields in samples with finger joints, measured by means of the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique, are compared with the acoustic emission waves released when the sample is subjected to tensile stress. It is shown that there is a very close correlation between the two, meaning that the acoustic emission technique can be considered a promising tool for the quality control of these structural joints
Bibliometric Analysis on Earthen Building: Approaches from the Scientific Literature and Future Trends
No full textThis study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the earthen architecture and construction scientific literature production at present, analysing the historical evolution, research patterns and trends and the investigation of the different existing earthen building technologies. Utilising the SCOPUS database, this study analysed 3804 documents published between 1968 and 2023, with an annual growth of 16.92% since the year 2001. Key findings include the identification of top authors, institutions and collaborative networks, the co-citation analysis and the main keyword analysis and classification into different clusters. Regarding the building technologies, the results indicate a prevalence of research on vernacular earthen building techniques, mainly rammed earth and adobe masonry. Nevertheless, a growing interest in innovative methods using earth-based materials can be spotted. The bibliometric analysis identifies the development of the academic interest and emphasises the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and the need for international recognition of earthen buildings. Future research should continue to explore the environmental benefits of using earthen materials, the development of earthen building techniques and systems in modern industry and the preservation of the architectural heritage and vernacular knowledge of contemporary technology
From waste to resource: Exploring the recyclability and performance of gypsum-graphene nanofiber composites
No full textGypsum is a widely used building material with a variety of benefits, including good fire resistance, sound insulation, and environmental friendliness. However, gypsum disposal is commonly associated with significant environmental risks, including unhealthy gas emissions and land degradation. Gypsum recycling can help to reduce these impacts, but it can also lead to a decrease in the performance of the recycled gypsum products. This study investigated the effects of graphene nanofibers (GNFs) on the recyclability and properties of gypsum plasters. The results showed that test samples containing 1 % of GNFs exhibited improved mechanical response, with flexural and compressive strength exceeding those of neat gypsum by 30 % and 60 % respectively. This improvement is attributed to the retained functional properties of GNFs during the recycling process. Recycled gypsum pastes containing GNFs presented a more uniform and denser matrix with longer crystals, enhanced bonding, and reduced porosity. These findings suggest that GNFs can be used to facilitate the recycling of gypsum waste and to produce recycled gypsum components with improved properties. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of GNFs to improve the sustainability and performance of recycled gypsum plasters
Architectural Disruption in the Age of Computation: A Critical Review on Digital Architecture
No full textArchitecture, as any creative endeavor, is subject to ever-changing progress driven by human inventiveness. Disruption is achieved within the discipline during moments of substantial innovative changes in the way buildings are conceived and built, displacing pre-existing canons. The so-called digital turns have disrupted the discipline in varied ways and to different degrees. After over three decades of digital architecture, it is time to critically ponder their importance and significance. This paper investigates whether digital architecture qualifies as disruptive innovation comparable to modernity’s transformative impact. It contextualizes digitality by analyzing exemplary digitally designed projects across structure, form, and materiality. Tracing technical-aesthetic divergences from modernist principles, significant transformations are surfaced: digitally-enabled structural logics emerge, formal complexity and irregularity generated through digital tools displace modernist orthodoxy, and a new materiality arises from CAD/CAM convergence or mass-customized production. These changes are consistent with the use of computation, parametric and algorithmic design tools to optimize structure, matter, or form to enhance energy efficiency, reduce the carbon footprint, solar protection, or natural ventilation, to mention a few. Synthesizing these developments, digitality seems to question and expand modernism on its own terms, through tectonic relevance, formal irregularity, and material experimentation while pluralizing its unified aesthetic vision. This mapping of disruptive digital architecture practices reveals an ongoing evolution still unfolding. Advancing digital design requires integrating humanistic meaning and elevating lived experience, not just pursuing novelty. Elucidating digital disruption’s impact triggers critiques highlighting unsettled questions for future inquiry across theory, technology, culture, and the environment. This disruptive catalog across structure, form and materiality unfolds future directions by which architectural discourse can reorient the discipline through the upheavals and possibilities in the computational age. Digital disruptive architecture requires new ways of conceiving and fabricating buildings, benefiting from the computational potential of digital tools to manage complexity in unprecedented ways. Truly digitally conscious designs should allow us to design buildings that could not have been so without their assistance while benefiting from their potential to simulate the designed building’s behavior and, accordingly, improve the design itself based on requirements. Yet, if digital architecture is to achieve critical value, we ought to bear in mind that the founding principles of the discipline cannot be neglected
Mechanical properties and durability of biobased fabric-reinforced lime composites intended for strengthening historical masonry structures
No full textThe use of lime-based composites reinforced with fabrics made of natural fibers, is a promising solution for the strengthening of historical masonry structures owing to its moderate mechanical strength, similar color and chemical compatibility, avoiding damage on the historical structure and contributing to crack-width control. In this study, a new lime-based composite reinforced with flax nonwoven fabrics is mechanically characterized to study its reinforcement potential in terms of strength, and stress distribution. To this end, laminate plates with lime/metakaolin matrix and four to six layers of fabric reinforcement were produced and totally carbonated in a CO2 chamber. Both the mechanical (flexural and tensile) and durability (against wet-dry cycles) properties of the composite were subsequently assessed. Furthermore, Digital Image Correlation (DIC) was carried out on tensile testing to study the stress distribution. The 6-layer composites displayed the best performance (with flexural and tensile strengths of approximately 5.3 MPa and 2.5 MPa, respectively), followed by the 5-layer and the 4-layer composites. The DIC analysis revealed a higher stress distribution in the 6-layer composites, with an increased number of cracks, although having a lower severity. As for durability, a decrease of 30–45% is observed in flexural strength, and of 6–18% in tensile strength, depending on the number of reinforcing layers. SEM analysis refers to fiber/matrix debonding as the cause of this decrease. No damage has been observed on the fiber surface, which retains its reinforcing capacity. All of the composites displayed strain-hardening behavior in both the unaged and aged conditions. Study outcomes are intended to serve as the basis for the creation of a future, compatible, reliable, and sustainable system given its potential application in the historical restoration of masonry structures
Inclusion of Women Architects into the Cultural Field of Spanish Competitions: Struggling for Professional Recognition from the Periphery (1978-2008)
No full textA retrospective look at the architecture competitions held and reported in Spain between the years of transition to democracy and the aftermath of the global financial crisis of 2008 allows us to verify, from a sociological and historiographical approach, the progressive inclusion of women into the complex and traditionally patriarchal cultural field of the architecture competition. The end of Franco’s dictatorship, and the growing vitality of the Autonomous Regions prompted the call of numerous open consultations throughout the country. These calls continued throughout the last third of the 20th century, until eventually experiencing a decline in the new millennium. These open and anonymous competitions provided a framework in which many women architects were able to ascend through merit, even attaining important positions within the process: firstly, as recognised participants and later as jury members. Highlighting the value of these women’s contribution to architecture has always been subject to disinterest, hesitancy or even outspoken reticence, typical of an eminently patriarchal structure, to which were added those inherent to any competitive structure where the struggle for the domination of symbolic power is inescapable. On the basis of architectural journal articles and illustrative case studies, this paper reviews the published media conditions of this difficult ascent in which the subordinate territories peripheral to the centres of production of architectural culture—Madrid and Barcelona—proved to be a space of opportunity and competition in which to build professional legitimacy. A great deal of Spanish women architects who were regular contestants achieved their recognition through silent logic, far removed from flashy celebrity, an issue that has left a deep imprint on their ways of approaching the practice of their profession, in general, and of participating in the cultural field of the competition, in particular. From this common thinking, this article aims to pay them a well-deserved tribute
Heat exposure and coping strategies for food delivery riders under urban heat extremes
No full textGlobal warming and heatwaves have intensified heat exposure risks for outdoor workers. The food delivery riders, as a rapidly expanding outdoor working occupation, face more serious threats from the exposure of urban heat extremes due to the nature of work, particularly during peak ordering hours in midday. Nevertheless, research specifically targeting the heat exposure risks of the food delivery occupation remains scant. Taking a bustling commercial area in Nanjing (China) as an example, this study aims to systematically evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of heat exposure in urban streets to quantify the heat exposure risk for delivery riders. The SOLWEIG (Solar and Longwave Environmental Irradiance Geometry) model was used to simulate the Mean Radiant Temperature (Tmrt), and GPS data to assess the transient and cumulative heat stress experienced by individual delivery riders. Results show that factors like shading, street type, and orientation significantly impact the thermal environment of urban streets. Heat mitigation strategies include enhancing shading with building and tree covers (resulting in an average reduction of 10.6 to 21.1℃ in Tmrt), increasing the proportion of north–south routes (in the northern hemisphere), and integrating alternative delivery routes. These measures can improve transient heat stress by 15.5% and cumulative heat stress by 13.2% for food delivery riders. Moreover, comprehensive coping strategies are proposed from multiple perspectives (i.e., urban planning, platform management, and individuals) to minimize the individual heat exposure and corresponding traffic accidents for the food delivery occupation, which further promotes the sustainable development of the urban environment, transportation and delivery industry
Characterisation of the Residential Building Stock of the Cold and Temperate Climates in Colombia
No full textDemographic growth in Colombian municipalities has notably influenced the quality of housing. This article aims to propose a method to characterize the residential building stock of the municipalities located in the cold and temperate climate, structured in three levels of characterization that yield different results: (I) temporary characterization, (II) housing characterization, and (III) characterization of the constructive assemblies. In level I, five time periods marked by historical, social, and normative events are obtained. As a result of levels, I and II, the building taxonomy is drawn, that can be determined based on several criteria: urban location (neighbourhood or urbanization), residential typology (single-family or multi-family), adjacency (isolated, corner or between party walls), and number of floors (1, 2/3, more than 3). In level III, constructive assemblies are analyzed, and a catalogue of typical assemblies is drawn up for each of the time periods and typologies. The results of the study serve as a tool for government entities to suggest the level of socioeconomic stratification of the dwellings based on the typology and construction quality