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Millorar l'accessibilitat d´un edifici al Barri Vell de Girona
Get PDFRehabilitar un edifici de més de 100 anys que disposa de sistemes constructius quasi arcaics mai és fàcil, però quan part de l’encàrrec és fer-lo més accessible, la tasca és molt més complexa si, a més, a la planta baixa s’havien de mantenir oberts els dos locals comercials, els quals havien de funcionar a ple rendiment durant les obres. Per acabar d’adobar-ho tot, l’edifici era en ple centre del barri vell de la ciutat, amb les façanes catalogades i protegides, per tant, no podien patir cap modificació, tant les obertures com revestiments, acabats i colors, amb la qual cosa les possibles propostes eren molt limitades
Els certificats d'estalvi energètic (CAE)
Get PDFL’actual Directiva Europea d’Eficiència Energètica 2023/17911 UE i la seva directiva anterior del 2012, nascuda com a fruit dels acords i compromisos del Protocol de Kyoto signats per la UE i ratificada per cadascun dels seus Estats membres, exigeixen que cada Estat compleixi els objectius d’estalvi d’energia, acumulats durant períodes concrets, per aconseguir lluitar contra el canvi climàtic. D’acord amb aquesta obligació i en relació a la directiva del 2012, Espanya havia fixat un objectiu d’estalvi acumulat de 15.979 ktep per al període 2014-2020 i de 37.206 ktep, per al període 2021-2030, reflectit al Pla Nacional Integrat d’Energia i Clima (PNIEC), essent el segon període un augment substancial respecte al període anterior. La nova directiva del 2013 ha elevat novament aquesta fita, ja que la proposta actualitzada del PNIEC per al 2021-2030 estableix un nou objectiu acumulat d’estalvi d’energia final de 53.593 ktep
An exploratory study of the data quality of BIM models for Spanish public procurement
No full textBuilding and infrastructure models created using the Building Information Modeling (BIM) methodology workflow serve as comprehensive data repositories, and are capable of storing both geometric and essential semantic information that can facilitate the various stages of asset life cycle management. However, the information contained in these models is sometimes incomplete, which may lead to inconsistencies and misunderstandings among the parties involved in the process. In the present study, we conduct an initial assessment of the data quality of BIM models used in the Spanish public tender process. A basic set of information requirements (IRs) is defined and validated based on a sample of five case studies, using the Information Delivery Specification (IDS) method. The aim is to explore the degree of compliance of these models with the proposed requirements, in order to obtain a preliminary overview of the BIM models produced as part of public tenders in the country. The findings reveal that most models lack some required information on the basic properties of building entities, such as fire ratings, thermal transmittance and similar data. BIM tender models are found to be data-poor, not only in terms of basic properties, but also regarding building and infrastructure facilities and services, and urban planning regulations, among other aspects
The Role of Building-Integrated Greenery Systems in Building Sustainability Rating Systems
No full textBuilding rating systems allow for the evaluation of environmental buildings’ impact throughout their lifecycle, thereby enabling improved design. The integration of vegetation into building envelopes, through green roofs and facades, provides multiple benefits that enhance the sustainability of a built environment. In arid climates, Building-Integrated Greenery Systems (BIGSs) contribute to energy savings and the improvement of the urban environment through evaporative cooling. However, the maintenance of these green systems requires efficient water use. This study thoroughly reviews six selected building sustainability certifications to determine the extent to which BIGSs are considered in the certification process. The findings indicate that BIGSs are not yet well integrated directly into these certifications. While the certifications recognize the biophilic effects on users and contributions to sustainable construction, they often overlook scientifically proven benefits such as acoustic insulation and urban noise reduction. This study highlights the importance of updating certification frameworks to fully incorporate the diverse advantages of BIGSs, especially in enhancing indoor environments and achieving energy savings
Case study VI: Insulation materials choice in building retrofitting: the influence of social determinants in the Spanish context
No full textIn Europe, energy retrofitting of the building stock is a key to meet the commitments made under the Paris Agreement. Although several studies and pilot projects exist, the refurbishment rate in most European Union (EU) countries is still below expectations. This chapter aims to analyze social and cultural barriers to energy retrofitting, focusing on the choice of materials for thermal insulation. For this purpose, we use quantitative and qualitative data provided by professionals in the building sector. Results show that decision-making is driven by the commercial penetration of a given product. The lack of expertise among professionals hinders the transmission of the benefits of alternative materials. Besides, there is little dissemination of good practices and professionals are suspicious of long-term performance. Our findings can help in supporting the implementation of new training programs and policies for a transition toward an energy-efficient building stock in the EU
One-stop-shops, and rehabilitation and conservation areas. Are these compatible figures for the planning and management of residential energy rehabilitation?
No full textEurope's building stock is responsible for 36% of GHG emissions and 40% of energy consumption. Thirty-five percent of the buildings are pre-1970 and almost 75% are energy inefficient. In Spain, 50% predate the NBE-CT-79 standard on minimum thermal insulation criteria in dwellings. For this reason, the European Union enacted the Energy Performance Building Directive (EPBD) 2002/91/EC on energy performance of buildings, establishing that Member States must develop energy certification systems and an Energy Performance Certificate for buildings. Subsequently, its 2018 update, defined One-Stop Shops (OSS) as accessible and transparent advisory tools on EE renovations and financing instruments for consumers. In Europe they have operated with public funds, but when they lost them, they have ceased their activity. In Spain, only four have recently become operational. For its part, the Catalan Law 18/2007, on the right to housing, establishes that local councils can define Conservation and Rehabilitation Areas (ACRs) for the rehabilitation of housing in vulnerable neighborhoods, including protection measures. Successful RCA experiences have involved a lot of effort on the part of the municipalities to inform families and manage projects, works, financing and payments, having to act as SSOs. The objective of this work is to evaluate the possible fit of SSOs in the framework of RCA development, as a strategy to formalize the financing of these entities AND, in turn, free the municipalities from the management of actions in the RCAs. In order to elaborate guidelines for future action, an analysis of the legal framework and success stories of SSOs and RCAs is conducted. Currently, more measures have been introduced to encourage residential energy rehabilitation, such as building renovation passports. Despite all this, only 0.4% to 1.2% of the housing stock is refurbished, generally due to lack of knowledge and financial, legal, technical and administrative barriers faced by households to undertake residential EE improvement works
Balances and Perspectives on the Achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals in Latin America and the Caribbean
No full textThis research aims to assess recent progress in the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Latin American and Caribbean countries, with special attention to the advances and challenges in the region. The motivation lies in the need to understand the current state of SDGs implementation, particularly SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities, within the framework of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The novelty of the study lies in its comparative and up-to-date approach, using data from the 2019-2023 Sustainable Development Reports to analyze 10 selected case studies. Unlike other studies, it focuses more deeply on the analysis of the SDG 11 targets. The methodology employed includes the analysis of 140 SDGs targets, processing the data obtained from the reports to assess progress and setbacks in their achievement. The results show that, although there has been a progressive increase in the achievement of the SDGs (from 57.1% in 2019 to 69.2% in 2023), more than 30% of the targets have not advanced or have regressed since 2015. This finding highlights the urgency of intensifying efforts to ensure a sustainable future. The research provides a balance that identifies key conditions, challenges, and opportunities, and proposes a reference framework for future monitoring of SDGs achievement, particularly in the context of urban sustainability in Latin America and the Caribbean
Fire and postfire compressive strength of recycled aggregate concrete made with ceramic stoneware
No full textThis study investigated the possibilities of reusing ceramic stoneware (CS) waste, a particular type of tiles ceramic waste (TCW), provided by a treatment plant in Castellon (east Spain), as recycled aggregate in structural concrete, and its influence on concrete behaviour when exposed to elevated temperatures (200 °C, 400 °C, 600 °C, 800 °C; compressive strength determined in hot and after air and water cooling). Although all samples exhibited similar strength values at room temperature, their thermal conductivity reduced with increasing CS contents. Strength values progressively dropped with rising temperatures, with the highest results recorded in hot, followed by air and, finally, by water cooling. Smaller differences between the strength registered in hot and after cooling were generally recorded in the recycled aggregate concretes (RAC) than in the reference sample. The concrete prepared with 100 vol% CS gravel was the only one to generally provide better residual strength after air-cooling than in hot
Relating the ultrasonic and aerosol filtration properties of filters
No full textNon-contact methods are useful to improve the quality control of particle filtration media. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the correlation between the filtration efficiency of a porous sheet and its ultrasonic properties obtained using a non-contact technique. An air-coupled ultrasonic technique is used to obtain rapid measurements without affecting the integrity of the material. High frequencies (from 0.1 to 2.5 MHz) are used to improve technique sensitivity, and transmitted waves are measured to probe the internal properties of the material. Measurements of transmission coefficient spectra (amplitude and phase) and the corresponding ultrasound velocity and attenuation coefficient at different frequencies are obtained for a set of filtration media with well-characterized properties. Results show that the ultrasonic properties of filtration media vary as a function of basis weight, and therefore filtration efficiency, for a given charge state. However, the effect of electrostatic charge on ultrasonic propagation is almost negligible, as expected. We conclude that ultrasonic transmission may provide a valuable tool for the continuous online monitoring of material quality during fabrication and as a method to tease apart mechanical and electrostatic contributions to particle filtration
Aligning smart home technology attributes with users’ preferences: a literature review
No full textSmart home technologies play a crucial role in reshaping the use of residential spaces, aspiring to enhance user experiences and foster a more efficient way of living. Assessing the state-of-the-art smart home technologies is essential for supporting their implementation and acceptance, particularly considering the rapid evolution within this field. This study, through a literature review, explores the taxonomy of smart home technology attributes, users’ preferences, and their alignment. The research reveals three primary themes of smart home attributes: technology, function, and user. Users’ preferences are categorized into functional aspects, value and benefits, social and cultural influences, ethical and responsible considerations, and user control and trust. The analysis shows disparities between some smart home technology attributes and users’ preferences, particularly in the dimensions of privacy, security and data usage, ethical consideration, social and environmental responsibility, cultural and demographic factors, trust, and social influence. Additionally, compatibility and cost of technology are often neglected. This paper contributes to the existing literature by presenting a taxonomy of smart home technology attributes and users’ preferences. We also call for a shift in design paradigms to ensure a more holistic integration of users’ preferences into smart home technologies