Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna
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Cognitive control during scene categorization: The role of identity repetition and timing in congruence sequence effects
Get PDFCognitive control abilities include maintaining goal-directed behaviors in spite of the incongruence between habitual and desired responses. In interference paradigms, slower responses to incongruent compared to congruent trials are observed; this interference is reduced after incongruent trials (congruence sequential effect, CSE), suggesting that the control exerted to counteract interference in the previous trial also propagates into the following trial. Moreover, a larger CSE is observed when trial features are repeated. Binding–retrieval accounts suggest that trial features that occur in the same time frame are bound together in an episodic representation; if a feature is repeated in the next trial, the control state that was active in the previous trial is also reactivated, resulting in a modulation of congruence effects. However, previous studies that used stimulus sets characterized by intracategory variability (e.g., faces and scenes) observed CSE modulation by the repetition of response categories but were inconclusive concerning whether repeating the identity of a stimulus may modulate CSE. The present study investigates whether episodic stimulus representations include both stimulus identity and response category information, by comparing the impact of the repetition of novel pictures (no identity repetition) and of frequent pictures (in which identity is repeated over trials) in a picture–word interference task. Results indicated that stimulus identity was not critical in the modulation of CSE, and that CSE was little affected by response–stimulus interval. Altogether, the present results contribute to the understanding and theoretical specification of sequential effects
What is the impact of anti-enterococcal empirical therapy on survival of patients with enterococcal bloodstream infections?
No full textObjective: the impact of early administration of active anti-enterococcal empirical therapy (EET) on outcomes of patients with enterococcal bloodstream infections (EBSI) is unclear. We aimed to compare the outcome of patients with EBSI receiving or not empirical therapy targeting Enterococcus spp. Methods: this is a retrospective multicenter study enrolling all hospitalized patients with monomicrobial EBSI during 2011-2019. Exposure variable was considered receiving EET defined as administration of antibiotic(s) in-vitro active against Enterococcus spp isolated from index blood cultures (BC) within 48 hours from collection. The primary outcome was 14- and 30-day all-cause mortality from index BC. The impact of EET on mortality was assessed by Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariable Cox-regression model after adjustment with inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW). A post-hoc analysis explored the effect of EET given within 24 hours from EBSI onset. Results: Overall, 758 patients (male 62%; median age 71) had EBSI and 342 received EET. 14-and 30-day mortality were 24% and 42%, respectively. After IPTW-adjustment, higher number of comorbidities and EBSI without identified source but not EET were independent predictors of 14- and 30-day mortality. No significant mortality risk reduction was associated with EET either in the real or in the IPTW-adjusted. In the subgroup analysis, EET reduced 14-day mortality only in patients with vancomycin-resistant EBSI. Among 237 (31%) patients receiving EET <24h from EBSI onset, EET did not affect survival in multivariable Cox model. Conclusion: early administration of EET may not have prognostic impact in patients with EBSI. Delivering EET might affect short-term survival only in patients with vancomycin-resistant EBSI
Laudomia Bonanni tra storia, educazione e letteratura = Laudomia Bonanni among history, education and literature
No full textA partire da una analisi della letteratura scientifica
che si è occupata dell’argomento, l’articolo intende
analizzare la figura di Laudomia Bonanni, una delle
scrittrici più rappresentative del Novecento italiano,
meno nota per quanto riguarda la sua attività di in-
segnante e educatrice attenta alle condizioni sociali
del suo tempo e lontana dalla propaganda di regime.
Acuta osservatrice della realtà sociale, da giovanis-
sima maestra in servizio presso le scuole della pro-
vincia aquilana, a giudice laico per il Tribunale dei
minori, Bonanni ci lascia un’eredità preziosa da in-
dagare anche in campo educativ
Vascularization Characteristics of the Different Meniscal Layers: Three-Dimensional Assessment With Micro-CT
No full textBackground: Degenerative meniscal lesions are often characterized by horizontal cleavage tears, and there is currently no established gold standard for treating these injuries. Understanding the vascularization and distribution of blood vessels along the meniscal layers could offer valuable insights into the management and healing of these tears. Hypothesis: Distinct vascularization patterns could be identified in different layers of the meniscus along the proximal-distal axis, providing new insights and potentially expanding or refining existing classification systems. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: To visualize the meniscal microvasculature, human cadaveric legs were perfused with a polymer-based contrast agent, followed by micro–computed tomography imaging. The menisci were virtually divided into transverse (layers), radial (thirds), and circumferential zones to quantify the vascular contribution of each zone and to evaluate vascular parameters such as segment diameter, tortuosity, and the number of vessel segments. Results: In the medial meniscus, the inferior surface of the outermost zone and the intermediate layers of the peripheral zones showed a potential reduction in vessel percentage. In the lateral meniscus, a relatively higher percentage of vessels was observed from the superficial to the inferior layers of the posterior horn, extending into the inner zones. Additionally, the lateral meniscus exhibited a greater number of vessels with smaller diameters compared with the medial meniscus. Conclusion: This micro-computed tomography approach for analyzing spatial vascular distribution offers a more comprehensive view of meniscal vasculature across multiple planes and regions. Clinical Relevance: This study may pave the way for new classifications that identify highly and poorly vascularized regions of the meniscus, potentially improving the effectiveness of treatments for meniscal injuries, ultimately reducing recovery time and improving long-term joint health for patients
Salivary 1,5-Anhydroglucitol and AGEs Are Associated with Postural Instability in Diabetic Foot Patients
No full textBackground and Objectives: Gait and posture alterations are reported in patients with diabetic foot. We evaluated whether gait and postural parameters are associated with a well-known parameter, e.g., glycated hemoglobin levels in blood, and the salivary markers 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol (1,5-AG) and Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs) measured in saliva samples. Materials and Methods: Gait and postural impairment was assessed using a wearable inertial sensor, and the evaluation of balance/gait and risk of fall was determined by the Tinetti Scale and Downton Index, respectively. Glycemic control was measured by glycated hemoglobin concentration and fasting glycemia. The salivary concentration of 1,5-AG and AGEs was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Eighty-five patients were evaluated, revealing significant associations (p < 0.05) between salivary 1,5-AG and sway path displacement along the medio-lateral axis (rho = 0.365, p = 0.017) and sway area (rho = 0.334, p = 0.031) during tandem position tests with eyes closed. Salivary AGEs were significantly associated with sway path displacement along the anterior–posterior axis (rho = 0.419, p = 0.004) and medio-lateral axis (rho = 0.436, p = 0.002) in the tests performed with eyes closed, feet close together, and foam pads, as well as with sway area (rho = 0.387, p = 0.007). The concentration of HbA1c was significantly correlated with sway path displacement along the anterior–posterior axis in the tests performed with eyes closed, feet close together, and foam pads (rho = 0.236, p = 0.043), as well as with sway area (rho = −0.236, p = 0.043). A significant difference was observed in the salivary AGE concentration between patients with previous ulcers versus those without (p = 0.035). By applying Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons, the associations remained significant (p < 0.05) for AGE concentration in saliva and postural instability parameters. Conclusions: The results suggest a link between salivary glycemic control biomarkers, in particular AGEs and postural changes in patients with diabetic foot, indicating a new interesting filed for further studies on fall risk
Decadenza della pretesa e prescrizione del credito
No full textIl contributo esamina il tema della decadenza dalla pretesa impositiva e della prescrizione del crredito fiscal
Educazione interculturale nella famiglia adottiva: una prospettiva necessaria
Get PDFCriteri e competenze importanti per la prospettiva pedagogico-educativa interculturale
sono fondamentali nel modo di concepire e vivere l’adozione, nazionale e internazionale,
in famiglia e non solo. Decentramento, osservazione, ascolto, dialogo, gradualità possono
declinarsi sulle specificità dell’esperienza adottiva, chiamando gli adulti affettivamente
ed educativamente significativi ad accogliere le peculiarità delle/dei figli/e. Transitando
dall’iniziale estraneità a relazioni caratterizzate da intimità, familiarità, sentimenti di
reciproca appartenenza, senza occultare le origini in contesti umani e culturali differenti.
Il contributo mette a fuoco aspetti di questo importante ambito mediante una riflessione
teorica che si sviluppa anche grazie a una prolungata esperienza di ricerca che ha permesso
di raccogliere attraverso interviste semi-strutturate e di forte approfondimento
testimonianze di genitori e soprattutto di giovani di diverse origini adottati in Italia
Premessa
No full textSi tratta della premessa alla prima monografia di un giovane studioso bolognese, incentrata sulle più recenti epifanie (almeno in Occidente e in Italia) della fede religiosa e dei gruppi organizzati che si coagulano e si diffondono innervandosi sulla stessa, le quali incalzano provocatoriamente le sedimentazioni normative e le teorizzazioni dottrinali sinora elaborate. Il volume, dopo una rassegna critica e ragionata di queste ultime, segnatamente quanto al concetto di confessione religiosa e alla costruzione di un quadro normativo coerente in tale complessa materia, si inoltra audacemente su piste inedite de iure condendo: investendo e incrociando sinergicamente il mio recente impegno quale Presidente della Commissione per le intese con le confessioni religiose e per la libertà religiosa, alla luce del quale si premettono perciò alcune considerazioni introduttive sulla rilevanza del tema e del lavoro svolto.Foreword to Nico Tonti, The New Religious Pluralism: Emerging Confessional Minorities and Italian Ecclesiastical Policy, Bologna University Press, Bologna, 2025, pp. I-VII.
This foreword introduces the first monograph by a young scholar from the University of Bologna, focused on the most recent manifestations (at least in the West and in Italy) of religious faith and the organized groups that coalesce around it. These new phenomena challenge – provocatively and persistently – the normative and doctrinal theories developed thus far. The volume, following a critical and reasoned review of the latter – with particular regard to the concept of religious denomination and the construction of a coherent legal framework in this complex field – boldly ventures into uncharted de iure condendo perspectives. In doing so, it intersects and engages synergistically with my recent work as President of the Commission for the agreements with religious denominations and for religious freedom, in light of which a few introductory remarks are therefore offered on the relevance of the subject and the work undertaken
Euclid. II. The VIS instrument
Get PDFThis paper presents the specification, design, and development of the Visible Camera (VIS) on the European Space Agency’s Euclid mission. VIS is a large optical-band imager with a field of view of 0.54 deg2 sampled at 000 . 1 with an array of 609 Megapixels and a spatial resolution of 000 . 18. It will be used to survey approximately 14 000 deg2 of extragalactic sky to measure the distortion of galaxies in the redshift range z = 0.1–1.5 resulting from weak gravitational lensing, one of the two principal cosmology probes leveraged by Euclid. With photometric redshifts, the distribution of dark matter can be mapped in three dimensions, and the extent to which this has changed with look-back time can be used to constrain the nature of dark energy and theories of gravity. The entire VIS focal plane will be transmitted to provide the largest images of the Universe from space to date, specified to reach mAB ≥ 24.5 with a signal-to-noise ratio S/N ≥ 10 in a single broad IE ≃ (r + i + z) band over a six-year survey. The particularly challenging aspects of the instrument are the control and calibration of observational biases, which lead to stringent performance requirements and calibration regimes. With its combination of spatial resolution, calibration knowledge, depth, and area covering most of the extra-Galactic sky, VIS will also provide a legacy data set for many other fields. This paper discusses the rationale behind the conception of VIS and describes the instrument design and development, before reporting the prelaunch performance derived from ground calibrations and brief results from the in-orbit commissioning. VIS should reach fainter than mAB = 25 with S/N ≥ 10 for galaxies with a full width at half maximum of 000 . 3 in a 100 . 3 diameter aperture over the Wide Survey, and mAB ≥ 26.4 for a Deep Survey that will cover more than 50 deg2. The paper also describes how the instrument works with the Euclid telescope and survey, and with the science data processing, to extract the cosmological information
Quadri metodologici a confronto per supportare l’integrazione dell’economia circolare nella pianificazione urbanistica
No full textL’applicazione dei principi di economia alla scala urbana rappresenta un’occasione per cercare risposta e soddisfacimento agli obiettivi di sviluppo sostenibile. Ciononostante, sebbene l’economia circolare sia diventata
nell’ultimo decennio il fondamento per l’innesco di processi innovativi e sostenibili in molti campi di ricerca,
l’applicazione dei suoi principi alla scala urbana è ancora frammentata. Si è, dunque, rilevata la necessità di sviluppare un approccio spaziale più olistico, che interpreti la sostenibilità alla scala urbana in maniera più ampia e sistemica, e che non si riduca ad un’analisi di metabolismo urbano per la chiusura dei cicli di materiali e rifiuti.
A partire da questa premessa, il contributo descrive gli esiti di una revisione della letteratura strutturata al fine di
comprendere lo stato dell’arte riguardo i concetti dell’economia circolare applicata nella pianificazione urbanistica,
ricoprendo quest’ultima un ruolo fondamentale per favorire la transizione in città. In particolare, tra le tendenze
emergenti, si approfondisce lo studio di alcune delle metodologie più olistiche per l’interpretazione delle città circolare che sia il più possibile attuabile nella pratica urbanistica. Alcuni dei framework analizzati propongono una visione chiara di ciò che potrebbe essere una città circolare da cui partire per elaborare dei nuovi principi guida che si rivolgono ai pianificatori locali e che siano perciò in grado di ispirare pratiche di circolarità alla scala urbana, con il fine ultimo di integrare l’economia circolare nei piani urbanistici