Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna
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"Natural History of the Finite Spirit". Hegel on Aristotle's Logic
No full textHegel says of Aristotelian logic that it is partly an ontology (Categories), partly a special variety of dialectic (Topics), but devoid of that necessary 'speculative' moment that shapes from inside the Aristotelian system and distinguishes it positively from modern metaphysics. Logic is in Aristotle a "natural history of the finite spirit", a "natural history of spiritual forms", that is a timeless description and classification operated by the intellect only. Empiricism, that Hegel denies is the distinctive trait of Aristotelian philosophy, would be however intrinsic to the classic exposition of logic contained in particular in the Analyticals. The defect of Aristotelian logic lies therefore in Hegel’s opinion not so much in its formalism as in the failure to recognize the internal necessity that links these forms. In short, they are treated as finite entities, that is, separated from each other and related only by an external observer, the analytic philosopher
LA TRANSIZIONE ENERGETICA IN ESTREMO ORIENTE: LE ESPERIENZE DI CINA, GIAPPONE E COREA DEL SUD
No full textIl presente studio esamina i profili giuridici della transizione energetica in Cina, Giappone e Corea del Sud, tre attori economici di rilievo a livello globale che, complessivamente, sono responsabili di oltre un terzo delle emissioni mondiali di CO. Attraverso un’analisi giuridica2 comparata, il contributo indaga il ruolo del diritto nella definizione delle politiche energetiche nazionali, esaminando i quadri normativi, i piani strategici e le pronunce di rango costituzionale. Nonostante gli impegni internazionali assunti in materia di neutralità carbonica entro il 2050-2060, l’attuazione a livello interno si presenta complessa, in ragione di vincoli tecnici e di interessi economici consolidati. La ricerca mette in luce le lacune legislative, gli interventi della giurisprudenza e la necessità di un approccio regolatorio più coeso e sistemico, al fine di garantire una transizione efficace. Si sostiene, in tal senso, l’urgenza di sviluppare un impianto normativo resiliente a sostegno della transizione energetica, capace di coniugare crescita economica e tutela ambientale. In ultima analisi, lo studio sottolinea il ruolo fondamentale del diritto nel garantire politiche energetiche sostenibili e il rispetto degli impegni climatici assunti a livello globale
Applying a regional certification scheme for aquatic invasive species fishery: The case of blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) in the northern Adriatic Sea
No full textCertification schemes are increasingly applied in fisheries and aquaculture to promote sustainability, traceability, and responsible sourcing. However, their application to the management and exploitation of edible aquatic invasive species (AIS) remains largely unexplored. This study represents the first attempt to assess how a regional certification framework, the Adriatic Responsible Fisheries Management (ARFM) scheme, can be adapted to a fishery targeting an AIS in the Mediterranean. We focus on the case of the Atlantic blue crab (Callinectes sapidus), an invasive predator that has recently proliferated in the coastal lagoons of the northern Adriatic Sea, causing considerable ecological and economic damage, particularly to clam farming systems. To evaluate whether C. sapidus fishery aligns with ARFM certification criteria, we gathered knowledge through interviews with small-scale fishers who have developed and implemented innovative gears to control and commercially exploit the species. Our assessment found that, under current management, the C. sapidus fishery does not meet all ARFM certification requirements. Certification could only be achieved if an action plan is adopted addressing key challenges such as the absence of dedicated regulations, the need for harvest control rules, and the implementation of systematic data collection and monitoring. Our findings highlight both the opportunities and obstacles in integrating an edible AIS into responsible seafood markets, and illustrate how the ARFM scheme can guide necessary improvements towards sustainable and certified exploitation. This case study provides a valuable model for developing adaptive harvest strategies for edible AIS in the Mediterranean, where biological invasions are increasingly reshaping coastal fisheries
The Pristine survey: XXVI. Chemical abundances of subgiant stars of the extremely metal-poor stream C-19
No full textContext. The C-19 stellar stream is the most metal-poor stream known to date. While its wth and velocity dispersion indicate a dwarf galaxy origin, its metallicity spread and abundance patterns are more similar to those of globular clusters (GCs). If it is indeed of GC origin, its extremely low metallicity ([Fe/H]=-3.4, estimated from giant stars) implies that these stellar systems can form out of gas that is as extremely poor in metals as this. Previously, only giant stream stars were observed spectroscopically, although the majority of stream stars are unevolved stars. Aims. We pushed the spectroscopic observations to the subgiant branch stars (G approximate to 20) in order to consolate the chemical and dynamical properties of C-19. Methods. We used the high-efficiency spectrograph X-shooter fed by the ESO 8.2m VLT telescope to observe 15 candate subgiant C-19 members. The spectra were used to measure radial velocities and to determine chemical abundances using the MyGIsFOS code. Results. We developed a likelihood model that takes metallicity and radial velocities into account. We conclude that 12 stars are likely members of C-19, while 3 stars (S05, S12, and S13) are likely contaminants. When these 3 stars are excluded, our model implies a mean metallicity <[Fe/H]> = -3.1 +/- 0.1, the mean radial velocity is < vr > = -192 +/- 3km s-1, and the velocity dispersion is sigma vr = 5.9-5.9+3.6 km s-1. This all agrees within errors with previous studies. The A(Mg) of a sample of 15 C-19 members, including 6 giant stars, shows a standard deviation of 0.44 dex, and the mean uncertainty on Mg is 0.25 dex. Conclusions. Our preferred interpretation of the current data is that C-19 is a disrupted GC. We cannot completely rule out the possibility that the GC could have belonged to a dwarf galaxy that contained more metal-rich stars, however. This scenario would explain the radial velocity members at higher metallicity, as well as the wth and velocity dispersion of the stream. In either case, a GC formed out of gas as poor in metals as these stars seems necessary to explain the existence of C-19. The possibility that no GC was associated with C-19 cannot be ruled out either
Widespread Multi‐Year Droughts in Italy: Identification and Causes of Development
No full textMulti- year droughts pose a significant threat to the security of water resources, putting stress on the resilience of hydrologi-
cal, ecological and socioeconomic systems. Motivated by the recent multi- year drought that affected Southwestern Europe and
Italy from 2021 to 2023, here we utilise two indices—the Standardised Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and the
Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI)—to quantify the temporal evolution of the percentage of Italian territory experiencing
drought conditions in the period 1901–2023 and to identify Widespread Multi- Year Drought (WMYD) events, defined as multi-year
droughts affecting at least 30% of Italy. Seven WMYD events are identified using two different precipitation datasets: 1921–
1922, 1942–1944, 1945–1946, 2006–2008, 2011–2013, 2017–2018 and 2021–2023. Correlation analysis between the time series
of Italian drought areas and atmospheric circulation indicates that the onset and spread of droughts in Italy are related to spe-
cific phases of the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the Scandinavian Pattern (SCAND), East Atlantic/Western Russia
(EAWR) pattern and the summer East Atlantic (EA) and East Atlantic/Western Russia (EAWR) patterns. Event- based analysis of
these drought episodes reveals a variety of atmospheric patterns and combinations of the four teleconnection modes that contrib-
ute to persistently dry conditions in Italy during both winter and summer. This study offers new insights into the identification
and understanding of the meteorological drivers of Italian WMYD events and serves as a first step toward a better understanding
of the impacts of anthropogenic climate change on them
“The Whole World Is Mine”. NOF4’s Graffiti Between Norms, Abnormality, and Processes of Subjectivation
No full textThis contribution offers a semiotic analysis of Ferdinando Oreste Nannetti’s (NOF4) graffiti on the wall of the psychiatric hospital in Volterra. These inscriptions are examined as a practice that simultaneously expresses a condition of deviation and establishes a regime of autonomous normativity. The asylum wall–an architectural element of the psychiatric apparatus—serves as the interface where heterogeneous normative orders (medical, institutional, existential) come into tension. The paper investigates these layered forms of normativity by analyzing the institutional status of the work, the space in which it is inscribed, the relationship between the psychiatric “total institution” and its internees, and the specific features of schizophrenic enunciation. It argues that the assemblage of these elements gives rise to a new precarious process of subjectivation.Cette contribution propose une analyse sémiotique des graffitis de Ferdinando Oreste Nannetti (NOF4) sur le mur de l’hôpital psychiatrique de Volterra. Ces inscriptions sont examinées comme une pratique qui, simultanément, exprime une condition de déviance et institue un régime de normativité autonome. Le mur de l’asile – élément architectural du dispositif psychiatrique – fonctionne comme une interface où entrent en tension des ordres normatifs hétérogènes (médical, institutionnel, existentiel). L’article explore ces formes stratifiées de normativité en analysant le statut institutionnel de l’œuvre, l’espace dans lequel elle s’inscrit, la relation entre l’« institution totale » psychiatrique et ses internés, ainsi que les caractéristiques spécifiques de l’énonciation schizophrénique. Il soutient que l’agencement de ces éléments donne lieu à un nouveau processus, précaire, de subjectivation
Creating a New Abolitionist Literature for Children. Lydia Maria Child’s The Juvenile Miscellany (1826–1834) between Domesticity and Racial Hierarchies
No full textThis chapter aims to analyze American abolitionist Lydia Maria Child’s first antislavery stories in The Juvenile Miscellany, the periodical for children she edited from 1826 to 1834 that, through short stories, poems and puzzles, provided amusement and imparted moral lessons to young girls and boys. The chapter therefore explores Child’s early use of children’s literature as a political instrument to create a multiracial egalitarian America by educating young minds in a republic that had declared that all men were born equal but had kept in slavery “that class of Americans called Africans.” Furthermore, it will show how, although she struggled to fight slavery and racial prejudice, in her abolitionist stories Child often reaffirmed racial hierarchies and forms of white superiority
Il Mondo Codificato: Potere, Politica e Mercato - Come le tecnologie del XXI secolo stanno ridefinendo l'ordine internazionale
No full textQual è il ruolo della tecnologia nella trasformazione dell’ordine globale? L’ascesa di nuovi domini interconnessi e di tecnologie pervasive stanno riconfigurando le fondamenta della politica e dell’economia globale, ridefinendo le dinamiche del potere del XXI secolo? L’avvento del cyberspazio e la sua evoluzione nell’era dell’intelligenza artificiale, le intersezioni tra lo spazio extra-atmosferico e le piattaforme digitali, stanno ridisegnando i capisaldi della politica internazionale? Frutto di oltre quindici anni di ricerca dell’Autore nel campo delle dinamiche del cyberspazio nella politica internazionale e nazionale, il volume prova a dare una risposta a questi interrogativi, analizzando la rivoluzione tecnologica come forza strutturale della politica contemporanea. Dalla guerra cognitiva alla “New Space Economy”, dal ruolo strategico dei dati alla nascita di nuove sfere d’influenza tecnologica regionali, ne emerge un “mondo codificato” in cui comprendere la politica internazionale contemporanea significa decifrare il linguaggio della tecnica, tra domini emergenti, conflitti invisibili e nuove architetture del potere
International Judicial Cooperation and the EU Principle of Mutual Recognition – towards a Convergence of Systems?
No full textThis chapter focuses on the investigations carried out by the ICC in cooperation with several EU institutions (as well as several EU Member States) in connection with international crimes committed during the war between Russia and Ukraine. The idea is proposed that, on the one hand, EU cooperation instruments can serve as an inspiring model for cooperation between ICC States Parties and the ICC itself. On the other, that, in this investigation, what several scholars proposed in the first years after the Court’s entry into force comes true: the ICC should play a predominantly ‘Circuit Rider’ role by facilitating State-level investigations and prosecutions of international crimes, and by exploiting transnational networks. These networks, thanks to their soft power, may be able, in comparison to top-down enforcement, to achieve effective results in the implementation of international criminal justice, which is still so strongly linked to the national interests of each State. The topic examined appears interesting because the actions taken by the EU, through its competent institutions and its Member States, to combat, investigate and help prosecute the commission of international crimes in the war conflict between Russia and Ukraine, cover, albeit with different modalities and measures, all the areas to which this research has been extended (arrest and surrender, collection and exchange of evidence, asset freezing and confiscation)
Overcoming the Challenges of Multi‐Target‐Directed Ligands for Alzheimer's Disease
No full textThe concept of multi‐target‐directed ligands has been quite successful within the drug discovery community, due to its potential to better address the multifactorial nature of complex diseases. However, translating one of these ligands into new drugs has turned out generally complicated, even more for the Alzheimer's disease field. Here we describe some of the faced challenges, with specific focus on a number of “culprits” including target selection, pharmacokinetics, and the use of appropriate disease models. We further provide medicinal chemistry case studies that have addressed one of them to more critically adjust for challenges on our way to therapeutics