Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna
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Il diritto allo studio universitario in Italia: un quadro attuativo disuniforme
No full textIn 1991, Italian legislation established the principle of «uniformity of treatment» in student support policies, but its implementation varies significantly across regions. Economic thresholds for accessing grants differ from region to region; in some regions, all eligible students receive a grant, while in others they do not. Regional disparities also affect housing availability and the provision of catering services. The main reasons for these discrepancies are twofold: the coexistence of two governing authorities – State and Regions – without a clearly defined allocation of responsibilities; the involvement of numerous entities managing interventions, with no national-level coordination
Donne, giustizia e diritti: Eliza W. Farnham, Georgiana Bruce Kirby e la riforma penitenziaria nell’Ottocento americano
Get PDFIl saggio ricostruisce il contributo di Eliza W. Farnham e Georgiana Bruce Kirby alla riforma penitenziaria statunitense per offrire nuovi spunti di riflessione sul rapporto tra genere e giustizia nell’Ottocento americano. Farnham, dal 1844 al 1848 sovrintendente della sezione femminile del penitenziario di Sing Sing nello Stato di New York, e Bruce, sua assistente, durante il loro mandato promossero un approccio radicale alla gestione dell’istituto, influenzato dal pensiero frenologico e dalle idee trascendentaliste e basato sul rispetto, sull’educazione e sulla formazione professionale delle donne in carcere. Convinte che le prigioni non dovessero essere luoghi di punizione, ma luoghi di riabilitazione morale e intellettuale, le due riformiste adottarono pratiche innovative per il miglioramento delle condizioni di vita delle prigioniere, vedendo nel carcere uno spazio di sperimentazione per riformare la società nel suo complesso. Attraverso l’utilizzo di fonti primarie, il saggio intende esplorare il contributo delle donne come soggetti attivi nel sistema penale americano, mettendo in luce la nascita di una nuova prospettiva femminile sulle carceri, influenzata dal nascente movimento femminile e, allo stesso tempo, promotrice di un graduale ampliamento dei diritti delle donne nel corso del XIX secolo
Long-term outcome in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and X-linked thrombocytopenia patients: an observational -prospective multi-center study of the Italian Primary Immune Deficiency Network (IPINET)
Get PDFBackground: Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (WAS) is characterized by eczema, infections, and severe bleeding, but may also include autoimmunity and malignancy. Subjects with X-linked thrombocytopenia (XLT) can display a mild phenotype, although severe complications may occur at any age. WAS and XLT are caused by mutations of the WAS gene. However, retrospective studies have shown conflicting results about their genotype–phenotype correlation and their relative risk of complications. Methods: To evaluate the outcome of patients with WAS or XLT, since January 2004, patients with identified WAS mutations were enrolled in the WAS/XLT IPINet registry at diagnosis and annually evaluated until December 2018 by participating AIEOP-IPINet centers; data were prospectively collected by each participating center throughout a web-based centralized system and then retrieved from the registry for the analysis. This prospective study enrolled 117 patients (according to Zhu criteria, 92 were affected by WAS and 25 by XLT) with appropriate hematological features and documented WAS mutation. Findings: The median follow-up was 6 years (range 1–30 years), resulting in 1110 patient years. At diagnosis, only the patients with WAS presented invasive infections, such as sepsis, meningitis, cerebral abscesses, herpetic infections, and candida infections, while patients with XLT did not present invasive infections. The most common autoimmune manifestations in patients with WAS were hemolytic anemia (20%) and vasculitis (9.3%), inflammatory bowel disease (5%), arthritis (4%), nephropathy (2%), and coeliac disease (1%). Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) was performed in 71 (61%), autologous hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy (HSC-GT) in 10 (8.5%), splenectomy in 16 (14%) patients, while 26 patients (22%) received none of these therapies. The overall survival at 25-year follow-up was 75% for patients with WAS after HSCT. Considering the cut-off date year 2000, it improved to >80%. Patients with WAS treated by haploidentical HSCT with αβTCRT-/CD19 B-cell depletion or gene therapy showed 100% survival at 5 years. The overall survival rate at the 20-year follow-up of the 25 patients with XLT was 83% but with a cumulative incidence of 100% and 19% of infections and autoimmunity, respectively, at the 15-year follow-up. Interpretation: The evidence of the heterogeneity of WAS and XLT outcomes could be instrumental to draw updated recommendations for the management of the patients affected by these rare conditions. It would be desirable to expand the tools to estimate the risk of infectious and autoimmune events in patients with XLT and the impact of their treatment, including HSCT over time. Funding: This study was funded by the European Union– Next Generation EU–NRRP M6C2–Investment 2.1 Enhancement and strengthening of biomedical research in the NHS, Ministero della Salute (PNRR-MR1-2022-12376594). A.S., A.A., P.C., F.F., C.M.P., C.F., D.L., G.S., M.D., M.C., P.A., B.A., P.F. are part of the European Reference Network on Rare Primary Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (ERN-RITA, project 739543)
L’uso degli antibiotici, corticosteroidi e psicofarmaci in età pediatrica: riflessioni e azioni
No full textThe 2024 OSMED Report on medication use in Italy highlights significant trends in paediatric prescriptions, with 50.9% of
children under 18 receiving at least one prescription. Notably, there has been an increase in the use of antibiotics and inhaled
corticosteroids, raising concerns about their inappropriate use. The report indicates a worrying rise in antibiotic prescriptions,
particularly amid increasing resistance rates. Additionally, psychotropic medications show rising prevalence, suggesting that
many children with mental health needs do not receive adequate treatment. This trend emphasizes the importance of responsible
prescribing practices and the need for improved access to mental health services for yout
Probing invisible neutrino decay with the first six detection units of KM3NeT/ORCA
Get PDFIn the era of precision measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters, it is necessary for experiments to disentangle discrepancies that may indicate physics beyond the Standard Model in the neutrino sector. KM3NeT/ORCA is a water Cherenkov neutrino detector under construction and anchored at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea. The detector is designed to study the oscillations of atmospheric neutrinos and determine the neutrino mass ordering. This paper focuses on the initial configuration of ORCA, referred to as ORCA6, which comprises six out of the foreseen 115 detection units of photosensors. A high-purity neutrino sample was extracted during 2020 and 2021, corresponding to an exposure of 433 kton-years. This sample is analysed following a binned log-likelihood approach to search for invisible neutrino decay, in a three-flavour neutrino oscillation scenario, where the third neutrino mass state ν3 decays into an invisible state, e.g. a sterile neutrino. The resulting best fit of the invisible neutrino decay parameter is α3=0.92−0.57+1.08×10−4 eV2, corresponding to a scenario with θ23 in the second octant and normal neutrino mass ordering. The results are consistent with the Standard Model, within a 2.1 σ interval
La certezza del diritto nell’ordinamento canonico tra straordinaria plasticità e rischio di abusi: considerazioni alla luce delle recenti evoluzioni della normativa ecclesiale,
No full textLa rilettura di un famoso saggio di Arturo Carlo Jemolo risalente agli anni Trenta del secolo trascorso e concernente la crisi della legalità e della certezza del diritto (secolare) evidente all’epoca suscita alcune suggestioni e riflessioni sulla fase sperimentata dallo ius Ecclesiae in queste ultime decadi. Le recenti evoluzioni dell’ordinamento canonico saranno setacciate attraverso il filtro ancora oggi illuminante della speculazione di alcuni tra i più raffinati canonisti del Novecento: mediante questo itinerario si apriranno inediti squarci su quella certezza del diritto del tutto atipica che da sempre connota incancellabilmente il sistema giuridico della Chiesa cattolica.Legal certainty in the canonical legal system, between flexibility and abuses. Rereading some ‘classics’ in the light of the suggestions emerging from the current ecclesial legislation. The rereading of a famous Arturo Carlo Jemolo’s essay, written in the Thirties and concerning the crisis of legality and legal certainty in secular legal systems, which was evident at the time, suggests some considerations about the phase that has been experienced by the ius Ecclesiae in the latest decades. Therefore, the recent developments of the canonical legal system will be examined through the still enlightening filter of the reflections of some of the most brilliant Canon law scholars of the Twentieth century: through such a route, new perspectives will open up regarding that atypical legal certainly which has always and indelibly characterized the legal system of the Catholic Church
Unveiling a protoplanet candidate embedded in the HD 135344B disk with VLT/ERIS
No full textContext. High-angular-resolution observations in infrared and millimeter wavelengths of protoplanetary disks have revealed cavities, gaps, and spirals. One proposed mechanism to explain these structures is the dynamical perturbation caused by giant protoplanets. Aims. The purpose of this study is to detect and characterize potential protoplanets in the HD 135344B system. The star is located at ∼136 pc, and hosts a protoplanetary disk characterized by a 40 au cavity, multiple spiral arms detected in the optical/near-infrared, and a large-scale azimuthal asymmetry at millimeter wavelengths. Methods. We conducted deep high-contrast imaging observations using VLT/ERIS in the L-band with the annular groove phase mask coronagraph (vortex coronagraph). Angular differential imaging with principal component analysis (ADI-PCA) was applied for the point spread function (PSF) subtraction to highlight the presence of point sources in the system. Results. We identified the previously detected S1, S2, S2a spiral arms and the "blob"features southward of the star. Besides this, we also identified a new point source at the base of the spiral arm (S2) embedded in the inner part of the disk at a separation of ∼ 0.′′21, corresponding to a projected separation of ∼28 au, and a position angle of ∼87 (west of north). The point source has a contrast of ∼3× 10-3. Our multiwavelength analysis implies a planetary mass of ≳2 MJup and large dust extinction (AV≳ 10 mag). Moreover, the L -band flux of the candidate protoplanet and the upper limits at shorter wavelengths hint at the presence of a circumplanetary disk. Additionally, we report the detection of a previously unrecognized spiral arm located northwest of the star at a separation of ∼ 0.′′77. No planets are detected in the outer disk with an upper limit of ∼600 K. Conclusions. These results suggest a physical link between the newly identified planet candidate and the observed disk substructures, supporting the scenario of a planet-driven origin for the cavity and spirals in the HD 135344B disk
Catechesi
No full textLa voce illustra la probabile istruzione religiosa di base ricevuta da Francesco come laico e l'azione ed elaborazione di una ammonizione/esortazione totalizzante espressa nella sua vita religiosa, in particolare in alcuni suoi scritti
Remote Simultaneous Interpreting
No full textAccording to one of the earliest definitions, remote simultaneous interpreting (RSI) is understood as ‘any form of simultaneous interpreting where the interpreter works away from the meeting room either through a video-conferencing set-up or through a cabled arrangement close to the meeting facilities, either in the same building or at a neighboring location’ (Moser-Mercer, 2003, 1). RSI is a modality of interpreting that belongs to distance interpreting. This term may be considered as a hypernym for all forms of technology-mediated interpreting (Braun, 2019). In this chapter, we will discuss RSI by presenting key terms and concepts (Section 3.2), an overview of the communicative contexts in which it can be used (Section 3.3), and of the development of RSI-related technology (Section 3.4). We will then move on to presenting feedback from practitioners (Section 3.5) and discussing critical issues (Section 3.6), such as sound quality, cognitive load and performance, teamwork and boothmate presence, stress, and multimodality. Finally, we will present concluding remarks and discuss emerging trends (Section 3.7)
Clinicians’ Perspectives and Methodological Application of Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) to Define Cytogenetic Risk in Multiple Myeloma: An Italian, Real-World, Survey-Based Report From the European Myeloma Network (EMN) Italy
Get PDFBackground: Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is the standard technique for the prognostic detection of cytogenetic abnormalities (CA) in multiple myeloma (MM). In Italy, the application of practical guidelines for FISH testing in clinical studies and the degree of standardization of laboratory techniques are largely unknown. Methods: We conducted a survey from April to July 2023 among 70 MM-treating centers associated with the European Myeloma Network Italy and geographically well distributed across Italy. We aimed to record laboratory and clinicians’ perspectives about FISH application in Italy, with a focus on 1q alterations. Results: FISH was widely accessible across the country, with 71% of centers performing it locally, while the remaining centers (predominantly those with <30 newly diagnosed MM cases/year) sent samples to external laboratories. Variability in laboratory techniques, such as CD138+ cell purification and CA detection thresholds, was observed among centers. The centers analyzed del(17p) (100%), t(4;14) (100%), t(14;16) (98%), 1q+ (96%, with 70% distinguishing between gain and amplification), t(11;14) (90%), del(1p32) (88%), del(13q) (68%), and hyperdiploidy (52%). FISH emerged as a crucial prognostic technique, since 94% of centers used the Revised International Staging System (R-ISS) at diagnosis, and 69% implemented the recent R2-ISS. Most centers performed FISH at diagnosis in all patients, while others did not routinely perform FISH in some categories of patients (e.g., aged >80 years). At relapse, 53% of centers routinely repeated FISH testing, 9% did not, while others repeated it selectively. Conclusions: This overview of FISH use in Italy provides a basis for future standardization efforts