Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna
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Riflessioni sul ruolo del potere giudiziario nel contrasto al cambiamento climatico: un’analisi comparativa
Get PDFL’articolo analizza, in prospettiva comparata, il ruolo del potere giudiziario nel contrasto al cambiamento climatico. A partire dal recente parere consultivo della Corte internazionale di giustizia e dalla giurisprudenza della Corte europea dei diritti dell’uomo, emerge una progressiva giuridicizzazione degli obblighi climatici. L’indagine distingue due modelli di intervento giudiziario, fondati su differenti concezioni della separazione dei poteri: un approccio restrittivo, che interpreta tale principio in senso rigido e limita il sindacato sulle scelte politiche, e un approccio espansivo, che ne offre una lettura funzionale, attribuendo ai giudici un ruolo di garanzia rispetto agli obblighi climatici derivanti dal diritto costituzionale e sovranazionale. Ne risulta un processo di giurisdizionalizzazione della crisi climatica, nel quale le Corti nazionali e internazionali concorrono alla definizione di nuovi parametri di responsabilità pubblica.The article examines, from a comparative perspective, the judiciary’s role in addressing climate change. Drawing on the recent advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice and the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, it identifies an increasing legalization of climate obligations. The analysis distinguishes two models of judicial intervention, grounded in different interpretations of the separation of powers: a restrictive approach, which adopts a rigid view limiting judicial scrutiny over political choices, and an expansive approach, which interprets the principle functionally, assigning courts a guarantor role in enforcing constitutional and supranational climate duties. The study highlights an ongoing judicialization of the climate crisis, where domestic and international courts shape emerging standards of public accountability
Personalized surveillance intervals for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN): multicenter study using parametric models
No full textObjective: The aim was to build a calculator for personalized surveillance of BD-IPMNs. Summary background Data: The interval time for surveillance of low-risk branch duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (BD-IPMNs) has not been established yet. Methods: The study included an international cohort of BD-IPMNs without worrisome features (WFs) or high-risk stigmata (HRS). IPMN evolution was defined as the occurrence of HRS or WFs. The derivation cohort comprised 60% of patients. The validation group comprised the remaining patients. A parametric survival model was developed in the derivation cohort using Akaike (AIC) and Bayesian (BIC) information criteria and c-index. A “k-fold” validation was used to measure the covariate effect on the accelerated failure time. Two models (“standard” and “conservative”) were built and validated using the second cohort. Results: The derivation and validation cohorts included 1,992 and 1,119 BD-IPMNs. The lognormal distribution best fitted the derivation cohort (AIC=2673; BIC=2718). The pooled c-index was 0.689 (0.668 to 0.718, 95%CI). The factors reducing the time needed for IPMN evolution were age [- 2% (-1% to -3%) for each year] and cyst size [-2% (0% to -3%); for each mm]. The “conservative” model, called PANORAMA, was the only one that correctly classified the validation cohort (c-index 0.712 vs 0.696; P=0.072). Conclusion and Relevance: The development of WF and HRS is influenced by the patient’s age and cyst size. After a prudential first control at six months, repeating a semestral/annual follow-up in this time frame could be too tight
Hillslope Morphological Features Modulate Soil Microbial Communities and Chestnut Ink Disease via Clay and Water Redistribution
Get PDFInk disease, caused by the soil-borne pathogens Phytophthora cambivora and Phytophthora cinnamomi, is threatening sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) groves across Europe. This study investigates whether the morphology of soil and related properties influence the development of ink disease throughout the entire soil profile. In a C. sativa stand in Northern Italy, soil pits were excavated near symptomatic (INK1, 978 m a.s.l.) and healthy trees (INK2, 988 m a.s.l.; INK3, 998 m a.s.l.) along an altitudinal transect. The slope gradients at these sites were 3%, 9%, and 30%, respectively. Soils were classified as Luvisols. Results suggest that the lower slope position and gentler gradient of INK1 may have facilitated the downslope transport of clay and water from INK2 and INK3, leading to increased clay accumulation throughout the INK1 soil profiles. This, in turn, enhanced saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and the wilting point (WP), favoring water retention in deeper horizons, where Phytophthora DNA was detected. Indeed, INK1 had a higher WP (14.9%) compared to INK2 (11.7%) and INK3 (8.2%), and exhibited the highest Ks (25.1%), significantly exceeding values in INK2 (4.6%) and INK3 (6.5%). The presence of the pathogen in INK1 appeared to affect microbial functionality, as indicated by the dominance of contact (~20%) and medium-distance ectomycorrhizal (~60%) exploration types over long-distance ones. Overall, our findings highlighted the key role of soil processes, particularly clay and water redistribution, in shaping microbial communities and soil-borne pathogen dynamics through their influence on edaphic properties
I “PRONTUARI” ELLENISTICI E IL PROGETTO ARCHITETTONICO NEL MONDO ANTICO
No full textThe aim of this research is to present the results of studies on the numerical and geometric problems underlying ancient architectural design, achieved through the integration of various literary sources. By employing digital surveying techniques to create updated documentation of ancient buildings, and by integrating new insights from the critical editions of ancient mathematical texts edited by Johan Ludvig Heiberg, we have deepened our understanding of key examples of architectural production from the 2nd century CE. The surviving fragments of what can be considered practical handbooks assist contemporary scholars in understanding how complex computational problems were solved by ancient architects. The computational problems had to be reconciled with modular grids and geometric schemes based on figurative motifs. The practical nature of the texts—collected and analyzed by Heiberg according to the geometric forms of the elements to be calculated—opens new avenues of research for architectural historians. Heiberg’s texts reveal a previously overlooked and complementary perspective to that of Vitruvius, who deliberately operates on a theoretical level and avoids addressing purely computational topics. In De Architectura, numerical examples or distribution schemes (distributio) are absent, as the text aims to elevate the status of the architect by emphasizing geometric constructions and modular patterns, as exemplified by the graphical algorithm of the theatre. It is noteworthy that Heiberg attributes much of this corpus of formulas to Hero of Alexandria, although there remains considerable uncertainty regarding the actual authorship of them, which are substantially different from those of the classical golden age of Greek geometry and mathematics (e.g., Euclid, Archimedes, and Apollonius). Thanks to the contributions of Hero’s texts—rich in numerical examples that are not abstract but fully aligned with constructive logic—it is possible to retrace the phases of ancient architectural design, starting from the most complex structural elements such as arches, domes, niches, and curved surfaces in vaulted systems
Innovative And Sustainable Methodologies For The Extraction And Characterization Of Bioactive And High Value-Added Compounds Obtained From Agri-Food Supply Chain By-Products
No full textEXPERIMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION AND MODELING ANALYSIS OF CRYOGENIC SORPTION IN AMORPHOUS POLYMERS FOR GAS SEPARATION MEMBRANES
No full textLe commissioni architettoniche bolognesi di Benedetto XIV: tra impegno pastorale e accademico
No full textL'articolo analizza l'opera di Benedetto XIV come committente di architettura a Bologna. Già prima di essere eletto papa, Prospero Lambertini, in qualità di vescovo di Bologna, si era dedicato al completamento della Cattedrale di S. Pietro e alla sistemazione dell'area circostante. In questo ambito, si devono alla sua committenza la facciata della Cattedrale (progettata da Alfonso Torreggiani, ma dopo che alcuni disegni erano stati richiesti a Ferdinando Fuga), la costruzione del palazzo del Seminario e il rinnovamento del Monte di Pietà. Una volta eletto papa, Benedetto XIV portò avanti i lavori della Cattedrale ma sostenne anche l'Istituto delle Scienze, specialmente commissionando le monumentali scansie lignee della biblioteca dell'istituto
Euclid preparation LXXIV. Euclidised observations of Hubble Frontier Fields and CLASH galaxy clusters
No full textWe present HST2EUCLID, a novel Python code to generate Euclid realistic mock images in the HE, JE, YE, and IE photometric bands based on panchromatic Hubble Space Telescope observations. The software was used to create a simulated database of Euclid images for the 27 galaxy clusters observed during the Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH) and the Hubble Frontier Fields (HFF) program. Since the mock images were generated from real observations, they incorporate, by construction, all the complexity of the observed galaxy clusters. The simulated Euclid data of the galaxy cluster MACS J0416.1−2403 were then used to explore the possibility of developing strong lensing models based on the Euclid data. In this context, complementary photometric or spectroscopic follow-up campaigns are required to measure the redshifts of multiple images and cluster member galaxies. By Euclidising six parallel blank fields obtained during the HFF program, we provide an estimate of the number of galaxies detectable in Euclid images per deg2 per magnitude bin (number counts) and the distribution of the galaxy sizes. Finally, we present a preview of the Chandra Deep Field South that will be observed during the Euclid Deep Survey and two examples of galaxy-scale strong lensing systems residing in regions of the sky covered by the Euclid Wide Survey. The methodology developed in this work lends itself to several additional applications, as simulated Euclid fields based on HST (or JWST) imaging with extensive spectroscopic information can be used to validate the feasibility of legacy science cases or to train deep learning techniques in advance, thus preparing for a timely exploitation of the Euclid Survey data
Principi di diritto d'autore. Seconda edizione.
No full textLe tecnologie digitali e l'intelligenza artificiale, in particolare quella generativa, incidono sempre più profondamente sullo sviluppo dei processi creativi e sul modo in cui i relativi prodotti vengono fruiti e manipolati. Muovendo dall'analisi del contesto socioeconomico e tecnologico di riferimento e aggiornando la trattazione al d.lgs. n. 177/2021 - che ha recepito in Italia la direttiva 2019/790/UE sul diritto d'autore nel mercato unico digitale - questa seconda edizione riprende i principi fondamentali di una materia sempre più centrale non solo per la formazione del giurista, ma anche per quella di numerose altre figure professionali, esaminandone l'evoluzione alla luce dei più recenti sviluppi normativi e tecnologici
Personalized Surgical Approach for Nonunion of the Second Metatarsal Fracture and Post-Traumatic Metatarsalgia: A Case Report and Literature Review
No full textNonunion of the second metatarsal presents a significant clinical challenge, often leading to pain, functional impairment, and deformity. Various treatment strategies have been described in the literature, tailored to the patient’s specific characteristics. To provide a comprehensive overview of the available therapeutic options, a literature review was conducted. In this context, this article aims to present an innovative and personalized surgical technique for patients with nonunion and an altered metatarsal formula following a proximal shaft fracture of the second metatarsal. This technique enables the simultaneous consolidation of the nonunion and restoration of metatarsal alignment, with favorable clinical, functional, and radiological outcomes observed over a three-year follow-up period