Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna
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The Effectiveness of Four Quadrivalent, Inactivated Influenza Vaccines Administered Alone or in Combination with Pneumococcal and/or SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: A Population-Wide Cohort Study
Get PDFBackground: Several influenza vaccine formulations are available, including adjuvanted, high-dose, trivalent, and quadrivalent vaccines, and direct, comparative evidence on the relative effectiveness is limited. Real-life data on the potential impact of the co-administration of pneumococcal and/or SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations are also very scarce. During the 2023–2024 influenza season, we carried out a retrospective cohort study on the entire elderly population of the Pescara province, Italy, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the quadrivalent influenza vaccine, offered alone or in combination with other recommended vaccinations. Methods: All the immunization, demographic, co-payment, and hospitalization data were extracted from the official National Healthcare System, and the follow-up lasted from October 2023 to September 2024. The outcomes were all-cause mortality and hospital admissions for influenza and/or pneumonia. All the Cox models were adjusted (or stratified) for gender, age, hypertension, diabetes, COPD, CVD, renal disorders, cancer, and previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results: Overall, 43.9% of the population aged ≥60 years received an influenza vaccine (n = 46,355/105,527). A total of 3188 (3.0%) and 1047 (1.0%) individuals died of any cause or were hospitalized for influenza and/or pneumonia, respectively. During the follow-up, compared with the unvaccinated, those who received an influenza vaccine showed almost half the likelihood of death (adjusted HR: 0.52; 95%CI: 0.49–0.56) and hospitalization (aHR: 0.55; 95%CI: 0.48–0.62), regardless of the gender and age group. As compared with sole influenza immunization, the co-administration of a pneumococcal or COVID-19 vaccine was associated with a significantly lower risk of both outcomes. No substantial differences were observed by influenza vaccine formulation (MF59 adjuvanted; non-adjuvanted, standard dose; non-adjuvanted, high dose), with the exception of a greater mortality reduction for the MF59-adjuvanted vaccine as compared with the high-dose formulation. Conclusions: During the influenza season 2023–2024, all the influenza vaccines were largely effective among the elderly, with no substantial differences by formulation, age, or gender. However, the co-administration of a pneumococcal and/or SARS-CoV-2 vaccine further reduced the risk of both death and hospitalization. Specific, head-to-head randomized trials are required to confirm both findings
Generare Partecipazione : Il caso dell'Unione dei Comuni della Romagna Faentina
No full textL’intento di questa ricerca è la creazione di una teoria fondata di medio rag-
gio, provvisoria e situata, come prospettiva pedagogica dei processi parte-
cipativi nelle governance locali, a partire dall’analisi del divario tra gli auspici
di partecipazione diffusa e integrazione territoriale, frequentemente enun-
ciati nei documenti programmatici, e le difficoltà pratiche che ne ostacolano
la realizzazione. Si parte da alcuni temi sensibilizzanti quali i processi par-
tecipativi, la cura dei beni comuni e l’amministrazione condivisa. Utiliz-
zando la Grounded Theory viene fatta una raccolta dati attraverso
documenti, interviste semistrutturate e focus group da cui emerge un qua-
dro di barriere burocratiche e culturali che ostacolano il buon esito dei pro-
cessi, ma anche un insieme di opportunità di sinergia tra istituzioni. In
questo lavoro si enfatizza il ruolo della pedagogia critica come strumento
per promuovere pratiche sostenibili e relazioni sinergiche tra attori locali.
La teoria emersa si traduce in un modello di governance inclusivo basato
su tre pilastri: un mandato politico che favorisca la diversità, una cabina di
regia per coordinare le iniziative locali e un linguaggio comune per facilitare
il dialogo
The Six Italys: the Influence of Socio-Economic and Educational Background on the Environmental Awareness of Youth Italian Population
No full textClimate change is one of the key issues that directly affects youth population: several scholars highlighted that young people are increasingly informed and sensitive towards the issues of sustainability and environmental justice. The dimension of young people’s awareness on environmental issues was investigated in this paper through a survey conducted among secondary school students in Italy, which collected 12,658 responses. In particular, the paper explores the adaptability of the Sassy – Six Americas Super Short SurveY, developed by the Yale Program on Climate Change Communication, to a context such as Italy: can the proposed typology – which distinguishes unique groups that perceive and respond to global warming in different ways – be applied to the analysis of the Italian youth population? To examine the possible adaptability of this survey, the main characteristics of students belonging to the different categories identified are highlighted, with particular attention to students’ social and educational background as a possible predictor of youth commitment
Logic and Science: An Exploration of Logical Anti-Exceptionalism
No full textThis Element delves into the relationship between logic and the sciences, a topic brought to prominence by Quine, who regarded logic as methodologically and epistemologically akin to the sciences. For this reason, Quine is seen as the forefather of anti-exceptionalism about logic (AEL), a stance that has become prevalent in the philosophy of logic today. Despite its popularity and the volume of research it inspires, some core issues still lack clarity. For one thing, most works in the debate remain vague on what should count as logic and what should count as a science. Furthermore, the terms of the comparison are rarely specified and discussed in a systematic way. This Element purports to advance the debate on these crucial issues with the hope of fostering our understanding of the fundamentals of AEL
Emotional engagement in a humor-understanding reading task: an AI study perspective
No full textEmotional engagement is a core facet of overall engagement, influencing our involvement in every task, as our actions
inherently evoke emotional responses. With the growing integration of technology in education, it has become more feasible to combine technological devices like eye trackers and artificial intelligence (AI) to gain deeper insights into student
engagement in academic tasks. The present study pioneers an exploration into the link between emotional engagement and
performance in a humor-understanding reading task through the use of AI to identify emotions linked to task performance.
132 Italian undergraduates took part in a computer-based humor comprehension and appreciation task, which involved
completing the Phonological and Mental Jokes task by selecting humorous joke endings and evaluating their funniness.
During the task, an AI system assessed participants’ emotional involvement based on facial expressions, distinguishing
between neutral state, happiness, and sadness. A positive correlation between measures of happiness and the self-reported
perceived funniness was found. Conversely, expressions coded as sadness correlated negatively with the self-reported
perceived funniness but positively with the number of correct answers. These results confirm the importance of studying
emotional engagement during learning tasks and suggest that expressions of happiness and sadness are differently associated with students’ performance in text comprehension tasks. More broadly, the study provides a model for integrating
facial expression detection AI systems to adapt learning tasks to learners’ emotional states
Scattering journeys, regenerative environments. A material ecocritical reading of the diasporic storyworld in Shaun Tan’s refugee graphic novel The Arrival
No full textPushed out of time, place, and history, refugees are typically imagined as humanitarian subjects whose lives are marked by exclusion and constitutive otherness. Thought of as objects of pity, but also as disrupters of an established order, forcibly displaced people are imprinted by a logic of compassion, passivity, and aberration. Literature, however, provides an alternative site for the representation of refugeedom as an empowering experience that enables the formulation of a different sense of self as well as creative human-environmental interactions. This article will focus on the locations where such interactions take place by examining the foreign cityscape in Shaun Tan’s refugee graphic novel The Arrival (2006). Unlike traditional representations of the new land as a place of loss, dispersal, and powerlessness, Tan’s illustrations portray the host city as both a tangible and imagined space of diversity, where inter- and intra-specific interactions play a crucial role in the protagonist’s physical and personal journey. Through a material ecocritical lens, the article examines how the matter of the book, both living and non-living, tells a story of successful adaptation and home building thanks to the protagonist’s capacity to establish a sense of intimacy with the nonhuman world that surrounds him. In conclusion, the apparently unhomely city portrayed by Tan is ultimately the setting of an alter-tale, that is, an alternative narrative in which the interrelationship between the refugee and the material entities that inhabit the land of arrival opens up unexpected possibilities for the displaced to experience not much the scattering as the regenerative potential of refugeedom
A Cost-Effective Nonaqueous Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method to Measure Vitamin D3 in Hen's Egg Yolk
No full textThe objective of this study is to develop an HPLC-UV method for the cost-effective and quantitative determination of vitamin D3 in food, even in the presence of vitamin D2, with a specific focus on egg yolk. During method development, the performance of three stationary phases in resolving the peak of vitamin D2 from that of vitamin D3 was investigated. The physicochemical properties of these phases differed particularly in the extent of hydrophobicity and silanophilic activity, including a GraceSmart RP C18 column without silanol endcapping, a Robusta RP C18 column with silanol endcapping, and a Waters Xbridge RP C18 column with ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) particle technology. The Xbridge C18 stationary phase exhibited the most favorable performance, leading to an RS of 1.6 under the following nonaqueous reversed-phase (NARP) experimental conditions: mobile phase, acetonitrile, methanol, and trifluoroacetic acid in a (99/1/0.1, v/v/v) ratio; column temperature, 15°C. The developed chromatographic method does not require preanalytical purification steps and is also compatible with mass spectrometry. The identity of the vitamin D3 peak observed in the HPLC analysis was verified via GC–MS. The NARP-HPLC-UV method was partially validated, demonstrating satisfactory linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of quantification, and robustness. The HPLC method was then successfully applied to the analysis of real egg yolk samples, revealing average concentrations of vitamin D3 of 4–5 μg/g of wet weight sample
Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Fountains with Negative Buoyancy
Get PDFFountains take place when a source fluid is driven by its momentum into a surrounding ambient fluid, and it is counterbalanced by buoyancy. These phenomena are largely encountered in nature and human activities. Despite the numerous studies on the subject, few experimental data are available about the internal structure of turbulent fountains. Here, we present a set of laboratory experiments with the aim to (i) get direct velocity and density measurements of fountains in a controlled environment and (ii) obtain insights into the basic physics of the phenomenon. The present paper also aims to study the flow physics of the phenomenon using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model developed in OpenFOAM
Il tempo della Pedagogia
No full textLo sguardo su Sergio Neri deve avere due prospettive; una riferita alla sua pedagogia fatta di idee e di pratiche messe in atto nel territorio in cui operava, Modena. L’altra che lo colloca nel sistema di una cultura pedagogica di cui fece parte come protagonista insieme ad altri in un contesto di ampio respiro. Sergio Neri, in quella stagione dove le politiche educative erano al centro degli impegni delle amministrazioni locali, era un pedagogista tutt’altro che isolato. Convergenze politiche, culturali, pedagogiche; è davvero interessante descrivere le suggestioni di quel tempo così vicino cronologicamente e che, purtroppo, oggi percepiamo lontano, ma i cui insegnamenti hanno, come dice la parola stessa, lasciato il segno