Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna
Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di BolognaNot a member yet
336958 research outputs found
Sort by
DisputIAmo. Sull’uso dei LM per la didattica dell’argomentazione
No full textNel capitolo intitolato "DisputIAmo. Sull’uso dei LLM per la didattica dell’argomentazione" di Pier Cesare Rivoltella, l'autore esamina le potenzialità e le criticità dell'uso dei modelli linguistici di grandi dimensioni (LLM) per il supporto delle competenze argomentative in ambito educativo. Il capitolo mette in luce come i sistemi conversazionali basati sull'IA, come ChatGPT e assistenti alla disputa specializzati come Argubot e Argumate, possano essere utilizzati per allenare gli studenti alla pratica della disputa regolamentata.
Rivoltella analizza criticamente i punti di forza e i limiti di questi strumenti, sottolineando la loro capacità di promuovere il pensiero divergente, rafforzare la presenza sociale e supportare l'autovalutazione tramite l'analisi retrospettiva. Al contempo, affronta problematiche rilevanti come il rischio di "effetto autorità" e la tendenza servile dell'IA ad allinearsi con la posizione dell'utente, compromettendo il potenziale per un dibattito critico.
Il capitolo riflette inoltre sull'importanza di integrare l'IA nei contesti educativi, mantenendo consapevolezza dei suoi limiti. Rivoltella propone linee guida pratiche per sfruttare gli LLM nell'addestramento argomentativo, promuovendo il pensiero critico, incoraggiando l'autovalutazione e utilizzando l'IA come strumento per sviluppare competenze linguistiche e retoriche. In definitiva, l'autore sostiene un approccio equilibrato che riconosca sia le opportunità pedagogiche sia le sfide etiche dell'integrazione dell'IA nelle pratiche didattiche.In the chapter titled "DisputIAmo. Sull’uso dei LLM per la didattica dell’argomentazione" by Pier Cesare Rivoltella, the author examines the potential and challenges of using Large Language Models (LLMs) to support argumentative skills in education. The chapter highlights how AI-driven conversational systems, such as ChatGPT and specialized debate assistants like Argubot and Argumate, can be used to train students in structured dispute and debate practices.
Rivoltella critically analyzes the strengths and limitations of these tools, emphasizing their capacity to foster divergent thinking, enhance social presence, and support self-feedback through retrospective analysis. At the same time, he addresses significant issues, such as the risk of "authority bias" and the servile tendency of AI to align with the user’s stance, which undermines the potential for critical debate.
The chapter also reflects on the importance of integrating AI into educational contexts while being aware of its limitations. Rivoltella proposes practical guidelines for leveraging LLMs in argumentative training, including promoting critical thinking, encouraging self-assessment, and using AI as a tool for developing linguistic and rhetorical competencies. Ultimately, the author advocates for a balanced approach that acknowledges both the pedagogical opportunities and the ethical challenges of integrating AI into educational practices
The Eastern Mediterranean Sea mean sea level decadal slowdown: the effects of the water budget
Full text linkThis paper analyses the decadal variability of the Mean Sea Level (MSL) trend for the Mediterranean Sea and three subregions using a combination of satellite altimetry, tide gauges and reanalyses datasets for the past 30 years (1993–2022). These estimates indicate a decadal variability of the MSL across the analysed period, and a trend slowdown in the 2013–2022 decade compared to previous periods. While the overall trend remains positive across the Mediterranean basin, regional differences are evident. The Western Mediterranean shows an accelerating trend, consistent with global sea level rise, while the Eastern Mediterranean has experienced a decadal slowdown, particularly in the semi-enclosed Adriatic and Aegean Seas, where negative trends are observed. This slowdown is attributed to the combined effects of changes in the water cycle and the balancing of thermal and haline steric components. A key driver of this trend is increased evaporation, which is not offset by precipitation, runoff, or transport through the Straits. These results underscore the significance of the Mediterranean’s water budget in influencing sea level trends and highlight the complexity of modelling and interpreting decadal sea level changes. The findings suggest that continued monitoring and a better understanding of regional water budgets are crucial for refining future projections and developing effective climate adaptation strategies for the Mediterranean coastal areas
Rassegna di giurisprudenza europea: Corte europea dei diritti umani
No full textIl contributo esamina la giurisprudenza della Corte europea dei diritti umani in merito a questioni di immigrazione e cittadinanza, resa nota nel periodo di riferimento (periodo 1° Settembre – 31 Dicembre 2024). Si analizzano le sentenze e le decisioni rilevanti a tal fine relativamente al divieto di tortura e trattamenti inumani o degradanti (art. 3 Cedu), al divieto di schiavitù o lavoro forzato (art. 4 Cedu), al diritto al rispetto della vita privata e familiare (art. 8 Cedu) e al divieto di espulsioni collettive (art. 4, Protocollo 4)
Neuroni e cellule associate
No full textIl sistema nervoso (SN) è costituito da due principali classi di cellule: neuroni e cellule gliali.
I neuroni sono cellule caratterizzate dalla capacità di dare origine e trasmettere segnali di natura elettrica; per questa loro proprietà, condivisa con le cellule muscolari, sono dette cellule eccitabili. I neuroni sono connessi tra loro e formano circuiti anatomici ben definiti, all’interno dei quali viene elaborata l’informazione nervosa: i diversi comportamenti
che ne scaturiscono dipendono dalle specifiche connessioni che i neuroni stabiliscono tra loro e con gli organi effettori, quali i muscoli scheletrici.
Le cellule gliali circondano e sostengono i neuroni, oltre a esercitare numerose altre funzioni, che verranno descritte in dettaglio in seguito
Overcoming the “valleys of death” in Advanced Therapies: the role of Finance
Full text linkAdvanced therapies are the frontier of medical research and have a relevant therapeutic potential and a profound social value. Despite this, their funding is hindered by many heterogeneous factors that obstruct their translation and survival on the market, even when approved and effective. Using an extensive bibliometric and systematic review of 174 articles published between 2001 and 2023, this study aims to identify the factors hindering the financing of advanced therapies and suggest future research lines to overcome the biomedical and economic “valleys of death”. This study is the first review focused on advanced therapies from a financial perspective, and it contributes to advancing scientific knowledge in several ways. First, it highlights that finance academics paid little attention to the topic and most of their contributions are now outdated; therefore, there is the need to explore the new opportunities and solutions offered by financial innovation and the application of new technologies to financial activity. Second, it asks for an interdisciplinary approach to exploring advanced therapies' barriers from a holistic and process perspective and exploiting the social value generated by the development of innovative therapies. Finally, it analyzes the obstacles and value destroyed by the absence of an organic and coordinated process of public intervention, underscoring the imperative for further research to explore new public-private financial models and risk-sharing schemes and extend evaluation models by integrating financial and social value logic
VAE-Surv: A novel approach for genetic-based clustering and prognosis prediction in myelodysplastic syndromes
Full text linkBackground and Objectives Several computational pipelines for biomedical data have been proposed to
stratify patients and to predict their prognosis through survival analysis. However, these analyses are usually
performed independently, without integrating the information derived from each of them. Clustering of survival
data is an underexplored problem, and current approaches are limited for biomedical applications, whose data
are usually heterogeneous and multimodal, with poor scalability for high-dimensionality.
Methods We introduce VAE-Surv, a multimodal computational framework for patients’ stratification and prognosis prediction. VAE-Surv integrates a Variational Autoencoder (VAE), which reduces the high-dimensional
space characterizing the molecular data, with a deep survival model, which combines the embedded information with the clinical features. The VAE embedding step prioritizes local coherence within the feature space
to detect potential nonlinear relationships among the molecular markers. The latent representation is then
exploited to perform K-means clustering. To test the clinical robustness of the algorithm, VAE-Surv was applied
to the Genomed4all cohort of Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS), comparing the identified subtypes with the
World Health Organization (WHO) classification. The survival outcome was compared with the state-of-the-art
Cox model and its penalized versions. Finally, to assess the generalizability of the results, the method was also
validated on an external MDS cohort.
Results Tested on 2,043 patients in the GenomMed4All cohort, VAE-Surv achieved a median C-index of
0.78, outperforming classical approaches. In addition, the latent space enhanced the clustering performance
compared to a traditional approach that applies the clustering directly to the input data. Compared to the
WHO 2016 MDS subtypes, the analysis of the identified clusters showed that the proposed framework can
capture existing clinical categorizations while also suggesting novel, data-driven patient groups. Even tested
in an external MDS cohort of 2,384 patients, VAE-Surv achieved a good prediction performance (median
C-index=0.74), preserving the interpretability of the main clinical and genetic features.
Conclusions VAE-Surv enables automatic identification of patients’ clusters, while outperforming the traditional CoxPH model in survival prediction tasks at the same time. Applied to MDS use case, the obtained
genetic-based clusters exhibit a clear survival stratification, and the application of the clinical information
allowed high performance in prognosis prediction
La presunzione d’innocenza nel suo “secondo significato”: un ambiguo aggiornamento dalla Corte e.d.u.
No full textIl contributo esamina le più recenti pronunce della Corte europea dei diritti dell’uomo sulla presunzione d’innocenza nei procedimenti successivi e collegati a una vicenda penale. Dopo aver ricostruito la storia di tale accezione, si esaminerà l’approdo più autorevole degli ultimi anni (Nealon e Hallam c. Regno Unito) anche alla luce della giurisprudenza successiva.The essay examines the recent trends of the ECtHR on the presumption of innocence outside the criminal proceedings. After a cursory reconstruction of notion’s history, the paper will examine the most important precedent in recent memory (Nealon e Hallam v. UK), considering also the decisions that followed
Influence of mechanical stress on flexible electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistors
No full textElectrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistors (EGOFETs) are attracting great attention for the development of low-cost and flexible sensors. However, in order to progress towards such applications, it is key to understand the stability of these devices in aqueous media and under mechanical deformation. Here, we have fabricated flexible EGOFETs based on two small molecule organic semiconductors blended with polystyrene. These materials have been printed employing a low-cost solution-based technique, obtaining large area crystalline films. The devices revealed a good EGOFET performance in terms of mobility. Finally, the devices were operated under tensile and compressive strain, observing a current increase (decrease) when a compressive (tensile) deformation was applied, revealing large gauge factors. Thus, this work shows the importance of assessing the device response under mechanical deformation when flexible EGOFET-based sensors are developed, in order to achieve a reliable response
La pubblicità veicolata da influencer nella normativa e nella prassi dell’Autorità Garante della Concorrenza e del Mercato
No full textIl contributo analizza il fenomeno dell’influence marketing, proponendone un primo inquadramento giuridico con riferimento ai soggetti coinvolti e ai possibili modelli contrattuali applicabili, sulla base del diritto europeo, italiano e francese, nonché della più recente prassi dell’Autorità Garante della Concorrenza e del Mercato.The essay analyses the phenomenon of influence marketing, proposing an initial legal framework with reference to the parties involved and the possible applicable contractual models, based on European, Italian, and French law, as well as the most recent practice of the Italian Competition Authority
Agri-food related social innovations in sustainability transitions: a multiple case study of initiatives across Europe and Northern Africa engaged in change
Full text linkHuman actions and interactions drive agri-food system outcomes. Sustainability transitions of such systems are shaped by changes in social relations encompassing new ways of doing, framing, knowing, organizing—largely understood as social innovations (SI). Previous SI conceptualizations in transition research draw substantially on energy studies. Hence, we address the recent appeal to expand SI research to other realms and specifically refer to the developed typology of SI in energy that we apply and adapt to the agri-food system. Guided by transition theory and SI research, this paper investigates the manifold activities of socially innovative agri-food initiatives engaged in challenging the dominant regime, the mechanisms through which these activities are realized and the barriers and drivers initiatives face. We conducted 22 semi-structured interviews with 17 initiatives engaged in making the local food system more sustainable from five territorial cases in Europe (Denmark, Germany, Italy, Poland) and Northern Africa (Morocco) in rural and urban areas. We derived a cluster structuring the socially innovative activities according to first, social (interaction) processes and second, agri-food fields. The initiatives assert these agri-food related social innovations (FSI) through four social (interaction) processes: cooperation, sharing, enabling, knowledge generation. We found that the socially innovative initiatives anchor their new ways through networks, practices and materials and institutions to six agri-food regime domains. Local political actors are perceived as conducive to their development. Governance for transition may take this into account as these political actors are better intertwined with the local area, capable of adapting policies to local needs