Archivio della ricerca - Fondazione Bruno Kessler
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Equità, cura e sostenibilità: priorità per la sanità del futuro,
No full textL'articolo presenta e analizza criticamente i risultati di una ricerca condotta intervistando professionisti sanitari di diverse regioni italiane in merito alle priorità di salute, il ruolo delle tecnologie digitali, la comunicazione e la spiritualità per capire come l'etica emerga all'interno delle realtà complesse che medicina e sanità rappresentano oggi e potranno rappresentare per il futuro
Model-based evaluation of the impact of a potential HIV cure on HIV transmission dynamics
No full textThe development of an HIV cure is a global health priority, with the target product profile (TPP) for an HIV cure guiding research efforts. Using a mathematical model calibrated to data from men who have sex with men (MSM) in the Netherlands, we assessed whether an effective cure could help end the HIV epidemic. Following the TPP, we evaluated two scenarios: (i) HIV remission, where the virus is suppressed in an individual without ongoing antiretroviral therapy (ART) but may rebound, and (ii) HIV eradication, which aims to completely remove the virus from the individual. Here, we show that sustained HIV remission (without rebound) or HIV eradication could reduce new HIV infections compared to a scenario without a cure. In contrast, transient HIV remission with a risk of rebound could increase new infections if rebounds are not closely monitored, potentially undermining HIV control efforts. Our findings emphasize the critical role of cure characteristics in maximizing cure benefits for public health and highlight the need to align HIV cure research with public health objectives to end the HIV epidemic
Development of testing protocols for the measurement of pure and blended hydrogen in natural gas grids: An outlook from the THOTH2 project
No full textTransporting or blending hydrogen (H2) into the existing gas infrastructure can be crucial in the European green transition. However, the regulation of this matter is still debated by interested stakeholders. The THOTH2 project aims to fill normative gaps by developing new protocols for assessing the limits and tolerances of state-of-the-art (SoA) instrumentation installed in natural gas (NG) transmission and distribution grids. This paper outlines the methodology used for selecting the devices and establishing the testing protocols for the various categories of instruments. These instruments are scheduled for experimental testing in the subsequent phase of the project
Configuration, Performance, and Commissioning of the ATLAS b-jet Triggers for the 2022 and 2023 LHC data-taking periods
No full textIn 2022 and 2023, the Large Hadron Collider produced approximately two billion hadronic interactions each second from bunches of protons that collide at a rate of 40 MHz. The ATLAS trigger system is used to reduce this rate to a few kHz for recording. Selections based on hadronic jets, their energy, and event topology reduce the rate to Script O(10) kHz while maintaining high efficiencies for important signatures resulting in b-quarks, but to reach the desired recording rate of hundreds of Hz, additional real-time selections based on the identification of jets containing b-hadrons (b-jets) are employed to achieve low thresholds on the jet transverse momentum at the High-Level Trigger. The configuration, commissioning, and performance of the real-time ATLAS b-jet identification algorithms for the early LHC Run 3 collision data are presented. These recent developments provide substantial gains in signal efficiency for critical signatures; for the Standard Model production of Higgs boson pairs, a 50% improvement in selection efficiency is observed in final states with four b-quarks or two b-quarks and two hadronically decaying τ-leptons
Land surveying with UAV photogrammetry and LiDAR for optimal building planning
No full textAccurate land surveys are fundamental for optimal building planning, as topography bridges architecture and landscape. This paper proposes a Digital Feature Model (DFM) that integrates UAV photogrammetry and LiDAR data to optimize terrain mapping. UAV photogrammetry provides high-accuracy mapping of textured anthropic surfaces, while LiDAR excels in penetrating vegetation-covered areas. By segmenting and fusing datasets from both sensors, the DFM enhances accuracy across diverse terrain conditions. In a built environment case study, 233 measured points representing ground, vegetation, and anthropic features were analyzed to validate the methodology. The DFM achieved a vertical RMSE of 0.075 m, outperforming the photogrammetry and LiDAR models with RMSEs of 0.209 and 0.130 m. This approach improves field data reliability, enabling the creation of accurate topographic plans and subsequent GIS spatial analyses critical for optimal building planning and sustainable land development
Flow Sensing Improvements Based on Simulations of the MEMS Sensor and Gas Flow - A Case Study
No full textApplied Humanities as the Antidote for the Malaise of Bioethics
No full textThe present paper highlights the urgency for a revitalization of the field of bioethics. The authors have identified the “malaise” present in contemporary bioethics, and they claim that it has become a boring way to approach medicine and life sciences instead of challenging them. Starting from a brief explanation of the origin of bioethics, this paper analyzes the main issues at the core of its malaise, i.e., its depersonalization and extreme specialization which exclude of a holistic view of the patient. Clinical ethics, an applied branch of bioethics, provides a prime example of a bioethical discipline that operates in real-world contexts, and it contrasts with the more theoretical nature of traditional bioethical frameworks. Thus, the inherent multidisciplinary nature of clinical ethics offers an opportunity to a way of connecting the hard and soft sciences, and, ultimately, of transcending this distinction in the medical humanities. The cure of the malaise of bioethics proposed in this article comes from the medical humanities, specifically from the applied humanities perspective, which offers a comprehensive approach to current world issues, including the fast evolution of technologies with applications to the health field
Series Editorial: Design and Implementation of Devices, Circuits, and Systems
No full textThe Design and Implementation of Devices, Circuits, and Systems Series is crucial in the context of modern communication systems, as technological advancements for various applications have led to increased complexity of circuits and devices. This series aims to provide insights into the issues, challenges, and requirements related to the design and implementation of next generation systems. Over the past few decades, information and communication technologies (ICT) have steadily advanced, fostering smart environments and enabling a wide variety of applications including healthcare. This May issue of the Series features three articles that focus on design and implementation of systems for better wireless communication, drawing attention to enhanced coverage, reduced interference, and advancements in healthcare applications, while also highlighting future directions in communication systems
Una fede comune? La sacralità della democrazia in questione
No full textIl saggio ruota attorno alla questione del valore forte dell'autogoverno democratico. Ha senso o no concepirlo come un bene "sacro", l'oggetto cioè di una sorta di fede religiosa? Il ragionamento si articola in cinque passi. Comincia chiedendosi se abbia ancora senso credere nella democrazia (1). Prosegue, poi, identificando gli "endoxa" democratici (ossia gli oggetti della fede democratica) (2). Analizza l'idea deweyana di "common faith" democratica (3). Introduce il concetto di "sacro generativo" discutendo la natura dell'empowerment democratico (4). Presenta la democrazia come un bene allo stesso tempo fragile e resiliente insistendo sulla natura "sorgiva" delle esperienze di autogoverno (5)