Archivio della ricerca - Fondazione Bruno Kessler
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Search for long-lived charged particles using large specific ionisation loss and time of flight in 140 fb−1 of pp collisions at √s= 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
No full textThis paper presents a search for massive, charged, long-lived particles with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider using an integrated luminosity of 140 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at
= 13 TeV. These particles are expected to move significantly slower than the speed of light. In this paper, two signal regions provide complementary sensitivity. In one region, events are selected with at least one charged-particle track with high transverse momentum, large specific ionisation measured in the pixel detector, and time of flight to the hadronic calorimeter inconsistent with the speed of light. In the other region, events are selected with at least two tracks of opposite charge which both have a high transverse momentum and an anomalously large specific ionisation. The search is sensitive to particles with lifetimes greater than about 3 ns with masses ranging from 200 GeV to 3 TeV. The results are interpreted to set constraints on the supersymmetric pair production of long-lived R-hadrons, charginos and staus, with mass limits extending beyond those from previous searches in broad ranges of lifetime
Mind the Inclusivity Gap: Multilingual Gender-Neutral Translation Evaluation with MGENTE
Get PDFAvoiding the propagation of undue (binary) gender inferences and default masculine language remains a key challenge towards inclusive multilingual technologies, particularly when translating into languages with extensive gendered morphology. Gender-neutral translation (GNT) represents a linguistic strategy towards fairer communication across languages. However, research on GNT is limited to a few resources and language pairs. To address this gap, we introduce mGeNTE, an expert-curated resource, and use it to conduct the first systematic multilingual evaluation of inclusive translation with state-of-the-art instruction-following language models (LMs). Experiments on en-es/de/it/el reveal that while models can recognize when neutrality is appropriate, they cannot consistently produce neutral translations, limiting their usability. To probe this behavior, we enrich our evaluation with interpretability analyses that identify task-relevant features and offer initial insights into the internal dynamics of LM-based GNT
GPTCast: a weather language model for precipitation nowcasting
No full textThis work introduces GPTCast, a generative deep learning method for ensemble nowcasting of radar-based precipitation, inspired by advancements in large language models (LLMs). We employ a generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) model as a forecaster to learn spatiotemporal precipitation dynamics using tokenized radar images. The tokenizer is based on a Variational Quantized Autoencoder (VQGAN) featuring a novel reconstruction loss tailored for the skewed distribution of precipitation that promotes faithful reconstruction of high rainfall rates. This approach produces realistic ensemble forecasts and provides probabilistic outputs with accurate uncertainty estimation. The core architecture operates deterministically during the forward pass; ensemble variability arises from sampling the categorical probability distribution predicted by the forecaster during inference, rather than requiring external random inputs such as noise injection common in other generative models. All forecast variability is thus learned solely from the data distribution. We train and test GPTCast using a 6-year radar dataset over the Emilia-Romagna region in northern Italy, showing superior results compared to state-of-the-art ensemble extrapolation methods
Search for heavy neutral leptons in decays of W bosons using leptonic and semi-leptonic displaced vertices in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector
No full textA search is performed for long-lived heavy neutral leptons (HNLs), produced through the decay of a W boson along with a muon or electron. Two channels are explored: a leptonic channel, in which the HNL decays into two leptons and a neutrino, and a semi-leptonic channel, in which the HNL decays into a lepton and a charged pion. The search is performed with 140 fb−1 of
= 13 TeV proton-proton collision data collected by ATLAS during Run 2 of the Large Hadron Collider. No excess of events is observed; Dirac-like and Majorana-like HNLs with masses below 14.5 GeV and mixing coefficients as small as 10−7 are excluded at the 95% confidence level. The results are interpreted under different assumptions on the flavour of the leptons from the HNL decays
Design and analysis of piezoelectric MEMS actuator based SIW filter for K/Ka band communication
No full textThe article presents a miniaturized Piezoelectric MEMS actuator based SIW filter for K/Ka band communication. The evanescent mode second order Substrate Integrated Waveguide filter is tuned using piezoelectric MEMS actuator. A novel approach of loading the AlN/ZnO based piezoelectric MEMS actuator over the capacitive post of the SIW filter, ensures tunability of the filter. Electric potential of -33 V and -54 V for ZnO and AlN respectively are applied to the top electrode and 0 V to the bottom electrode, making the piezoelectric actuator to deflect in upward direction by 50 μm. For downward deflection of 33 μm, 22 V and 31 V for ZnO and AlN is applied to the top electrode and 0 V to bottom electrode. When actuated in upward and downward direction, resonant frequency band from 25.5 GHz—26.4 GHz shifts 400 MHz in left and right direction respectively in frequency spectrum is observed, making the structure suitable for K/Ka band communication
Creating local storylines for climate mitigation and adaptation with policymakers across Europe: a new participatory and bottom-up method
Get PDFWhile climate change is a global problem, solutions are often rooted at the local level. Consequently, the capacity to mitigate or adapt to climate change in local contexts is increasingly recognized as a crucial element in coping with it. Climate policies must be highly context-dependent, as they need to account for local needs and priorities. This article contributes to the ongoing research on participatory climate change socioeconomic scenarios and climate-resilient development pathways by presenting a participatory methodology for creating bottom-up, locally tailored climate adaptation and mitigation storylines. The methodology combines a visioning technique with an analytical framework that categorizes the visioning outcomes, facilitating scenario development while addressing real challenges to promote the co-creation of viable, site-specific solutions. We applied this methodology with policymakers from four case studies across Europe, revealing significant differences in how mitigation and adaptation are prioritized, policy actions chosen, key actors involved, and economic sectors impacted in each case. These findings underscore the value of the method in bridging local and scientific knowledge and generating context-sensitive narratives which can be compared between them. Finally, we present a set of qualitative climate mitigation and adaptation scenarios, outlining possible and desirable developments for each case study by 2050
A Revision of CROSS Security: Proofs and Attacks for Multi-Round Fiat–Shamir Signatures
No full textSignature schemes from multi-round interactive proofs are becoming increasingly relevant in post-quantum cryptography. A prominent example is CROSS, recently admitted to the second round of the NIST on-ramp standardisation process for post-quantum digital signatures. While the security of these constructions relies on the Fiat–Shamir transform, in the case of CROSS the use of the fixed-weight parallel-repetition optimisation makes the security analysis fuzzier than usual. A recent work has shown that the fixed-weight parallel repetition of a multi-round interactive proof is still knowledge sound, but no matching result appears to be known for the non-interactive version. In this paper, we provide two main results. First, we explicitly prove the EUF-CMA security of CROSS, filling a gap in the literature. We do this by showing that, in general, the Fiat–Shamir transform of an HVZK and knowledge-sound multi-round interactive proof is EUF-CMA secure. Second, we present a novel forgery attack on signatures obtained from fixed-weight repetitions of 5-round interactive proofs, substantially improving upon a previous attack on parallel repetitions due to Kales and Zaverucha. Our new attack has particular relevance for CROSS, as it shows that several parameter sets achieve a significantly lower security level than claimed, with reductions up to 24% in the worst case
A secure and quality of service-aware solution for the end-to-end protection of IoT applications
No full textInternet of Things (IoT) applications increasingly rely on lightweight publish–subscribe protocols (e.g., MQTT) to exchange a considerable amount of sensitive data. However, such data are often threatened by external attackers, malicious insiders, and honest but curious Edge and Cloud providers. Typical security mechanisms — such as Transport Layer Security (TLS) or centralized data authorization management — may expose messages to intermediate nodes and fail to enforce Access Control (AC) policies without relying on (sometimes missing) fully trusted agents. Furthermore, when security mechanisms are in place, they should consider the trust assumptions (e.g., on the presence of certain attackers) and meet the performance goals (e.g., low latency, high scalability) relevant to the underlying scenario. In this paper, we propose a security mechanism based Cryptographic Access Control (CAC) that integrates decentralized AC enforcement with end-to-end protection (in terms of data confidentiality and integrity) for IoT applications employing publish–subscribe protocols. By building on previous work, we also formalize an optimization problem to strike the best possible balance between security and quality of service by fine-tuning the deployment of our security mechanism accordingly. We showcase the benefits of the optimization problem in three different scenarios for IoT applications: Remote Patient Monitoring, Cooperative Maneuvering, and Smart Lock. Finally, our open-source proof-of-concept named CryptoAC demonstrates the feasibility of our security mechanism: a thorough performance evaluation reveals that CryptoAC achieves higher scalability than TLS under multi-publisher workloads and a practical level of overhead for key management and policy updates
MK-SEAC: Multi-Keyword Searchable Encryption with Access Control
No full textIn this work we present MK-SEAC, a scheme that allows to perform outsourced keyword-based search queries on an encrypted document batch, with native support to multi-keyword queries, fine-grained access control on the results, and full verifiability. The scheme conceals both the query and the results from the server, and minimizes the information revealed about documents to which users do not have access. Compared to other schemes, such as SEAC by Nils Löken, MK-SEAC offers extended improved efficiency with a reduced leakage profile