Archivio della ricerca - Fondazione Bruno Kessler
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RF Sputtering of Gold Nanoparticles in Liquid and Direct Transfer to Nafion Membrane for PEM Water Electrolysis
No full textSputtering onto liquids is rapidly gaining attention for the green and controlled dry synthesis of ultrapure catalysts nanomaterials. In this study, we present a clean and single-step method for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles directly in polyethylene glycol (PEG) liquid using radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering and by subsequently transferring them to Nafion ionomer, fabricating a catalyst-coated membrane (CCM), an essential component of the proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE). The samples were systematically characterized at different stages of process development. The innovative transfer process resulted in a monodispersed homogeneous distribution of catalyst particles inside CCM while retaining their nascent nanoscale topography. The chemical analysis confirmed the complete removal of the trapped PEG through the process optimization. The electrochemical catalytic activity of the optimized CCM was verified, and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acidic media appeared outstanding, a vital step in water electrolysis toward H2 production. Therefore, this first study highlights the advantages of RF sputtering in liquid for nanoparticle synthesis and its direct application in preparing CCM, paving the way for the development of innovative membrane preparation techniques for water electrolysis
Leveraging Gamification to Address Child Sexual Abuse: A Preliminary Evaluation of the Cesagram Platform
No full textChild Sexual Abuse (CSA) remains a critical global issue, with the rise of online grooming posing new threats to young people’s safety. This paper presents the Cesagram platform, a gamified digital platform designed to prevent CSA by raising awareness of online grooming among children aged 11-14. The platform integrates interactive learning activities within a narrative-driven environment, featuring customizable avatars and four thematic districts. The effectiveness of the Cesagram platform combined with theoretical content was evaluated through 11 workshops involving 195 students
from Lithuania and Greece, utilizing pre- and post-workshop questionnaires. Findings indicate that the workshops effectively improved participants’ knowledge of CSA and grooming, while also
promoting user engagement. This study underscores the potential of gamification in sensitive educational contexts, contributing to digital well-being and safety education
Comparison of Credential Status Mechanisms for the Digital Wallet Ecosystem
No full textDigital identity wallets enable citizens to verify their identity and manage digital credentials. A system that offers the possibility of using and presenting credentials, requires the ability to check for their validity, avoiding the use of revoked or suspended credentials. This paper compares traditional and emerging credential status mechanisms to identify the most suitable solutions for the wallet ecosystem, taking in consideration privacy aspects and the set of available features
Alpha particle production from novel targets via laser-driven proton-boron fusion
No full textNovel targets were implemented in the beam-driven (in-target) proton-boron fusion with beneficial characteristics (chemical composition and density) compared to the commonly used boron nitride. A fusion-generated alpha particle flux of up to (5×107sr−1J−1) was generated via the proton-boron fusion reactions when irradiating the targets with a moderate laser system (10J, 800fs, 1019Wcm−2). Normalized by laser energy, the alpha particle flux generated in this experiment is comparable with the highest alpha particle yields reported in the literature. We present experimental results with supporting simulations and calculations of the expected alpha particle yield
{SHADES}: Towards a Multilingual Assessment of Stereotypes in Large Language Models
No full textLarge Language Models (LLMs) reproduce and exacerbate the social biases present in their training data, and resources to quantify this issue are limited. While research has attempted to identify and mitigate such biases, most efforts have been concentrated around English, lagging the rapid advancement of LLMs in multilingual settings. In this paper, we introduce a new multilingual parallel dataset SHADES to help address this issue, designed for examining culturally-specific stereotypes that may be learned by LLMs. The dataset includes stereotypes from 20 regions around the world and 16 languages, spanning multiple identity categories subject to discrimination worldwide. We demonstrate its utility in a series of exploratory evaluations for both “base” and “instruction-tuned” language models. Our results suggest that stereotypes are consistently reflected across models and languages, with some languages and models indicating much stronger stereotype biases than others
Towards Robotization of Foraging Wild Fruits Under Canopy - A Multi-camera Drone-Borne Berry Mapping
No full textThe rapid technological advancements are allowing not only the automatization of work, but often also its facilitation through human-robot collaboration. This topic is investigated in the FEROX project, which addresses the underexplored domain of improving the process of wild berry harvesting in Northern European forests with robotics and AI. This paper investigates the integration of multi-camera drone technology for under-canopy mapping in the context of wild berry location mapping. Our proposed methodology lays a groundwork for utilizing AI methods to provide georeferenced maps of berries’ locations in forest areas, inherently characterized by an unreliable GNSS signal. We carry out initial tests in a forest in eastern Finland with a custom hexacopter, proving the suitability of our approach for retrieving a geographical position of detected fruits with the tested sensor configuration, enabling further processing to supply foragers with wild fruit yield heat maps on a per-species basis
“La conoscenza scientifica è come aggirarsi con una torcia tra le stanze di un grande castello”. Intervista a Giorgio Vallortigara
No full textIl contributo consiste in un'intervista a Giorgio Vallortigara, professore di Neuroscienze presso il Centro Interdipartimentale Mente/Cervello dell'Università di Trento e uno dei massimi esperti mondiali di intelligenza animale. Il dialogo ruota attorno al ruolo svolto dal concetto di senso immerso nelle sue ricerche. Tra gli argomenti trattati: il significato delle recenti scoperte sul funzionamento del cervello umano e animale; l'inadeguatezza del modo in cui viene solitamente tracciata la frontiera tra uomo e animale; il rapporto tra scienze umane e naturali; la qualità pragmatica dell'intelligenza umana; la selezione naturale come principio generale di tutti i fenomeni della vita; l'impatto della rivoluzione dell'IA sui nostri tentativi di comprendere come gli organismi biologici creano significato; e il senso ultimo dell'impresa scientifica
Speech Foundation Models and Crowdsourcing for Efficient, High-Quality Data Collection
Get PDFWhile crowdsourcing is an established solution for facilitating and scaling the collection of speech data, the involvement of non-experts necessitates protocols to ensure final data quality. To reduce the costs of these essential controls, this paper investigates the use of Speech Foundation Models (SFMs) to automate the validation process, examining for the first time the cost/quality trade-off in data acquisition. Experiments conducted on French, German, and Korean data demonstrate that SFM-based validation has the potential to reduce reliance on human validation, resulting in an estimated cost saving of over 40.0% without degrading final data quality. These findings open new opportunities for more efficient, cost-effective, and scalable speech data acquisition
The First Workshop on Multilingual Counterspeech Generation at COLING 2025: Overview of the Shared Task
Get PDFThis paper presents an overview of the Shared Task organized in the First Workshop on Multilingual Counterspeech Generation at COLING 2025. While interest in automatic approaches to Counterspeech generation has been steadily growing, the large majority of the published experimental work has been carried out for English. This is due to the scarcity of both non-English manually curated training data and to the crushing predominance of English in the generative Large Language Models (LLMs) ecosystem. The task’s goal is to promote and encourage research on Counterspeech generation in a multilingual setting (Basque, English, Italian, and Spanish) potentially leveraging background knowledge provided in the proposed dataset. The task attracted 11 participants, 9 of whom presented a paper describing their systems. Together with the task, we introduce a new multilingual counterspeech dataset with 2384 triplets of hate speech, counterspeech, and related background knowledge covering 4 languages. The dataset is available at: https://huggingface.co/datasets/LanD-FBK/ML_MTCONAN_KN
Naufragi dell'esistenza: uno spazio per la cura nella società degli spettatori?
No full textCome la condizione del naufragio può diventare metafora per il nostro tempo e quale spazio resta per la cura nella società degli spettatori? Prendendo spunto dalle riflessioni del filosofo Hans Blumenberg, il saggio analizza questi scenari e propone una linea di lettura in merito, che rivaluta le diverse dimensioni della cura e dell'attenzione empatica