Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi di Pavia
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International SMEs and sustainability in the manufacturing industry
No full textPurpose
This study aims to examine how international small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) explore and exploit opportunities to develop circular business models (CBMs) based on circular economy principles, specifically resource recycling, reuse and recovery.
Design/methodology/approach
The research uses an exploratory, grounded methodology, using six case studies of international Chinese manufacturing SMEs.
Findings
The findings suggest that international SMEs explore opportunities to develop CBMs by leveraging their managers’ cognitive understanding of circularity and by taking advantage of government policies as external enablers. They exploit these opportunities through organisational capabilities, global market exposure and the implementation of circular innovation across multiple departments, often resulting in business model innovation or radical redesign to align with circular principles.
Research limitations/implications
The small sample size limits the empirical generalisability of the findings, as the study focuses on six international SMEs that have successfully developed CBMs in a particular context.
Practical implications
The study offers practical recommendations for managers to develop CBMs internationally, emphasising the recruitment of young talent and green marketing.
Originality/value
This study advances research on SME internationalisation and circularity by integrating micro-foundations and institutional theory to explore the development of CBMs as SMEs become exposed to global markets, while highlighting typologies of business model transformation towards circularity
Synthesis of aryl sulfides via visible-light induced solventylation in diarylazo sulfides
No full textEnzimi modificanti le lisine collageniche: un approccio di biologia strutturale integrata.
No full textNella tesi vengono discusse le caratteristiche strutturali e biochimiche dei principali enzimi coinvolti nella modifica post-traduzionale della lisina del collagene. Un’indagine dettagliata relativa alla glicosilazione della lisina è presentata nei capitoli 3 e 5: i lavori consistono in analisi strutturali e funzionali comparative dei domini glicosiltransferasici sia degli enzimi PLODs sia dell’enzima GLT25D1. Approcci integrativi sono impiegati per fornire dettagli meccanicistici precisi delle reazioni enzimatiche alla base della glicosilazione della lisina del collagene. Il capitolo 3 descrive il lavoro svolto per individuare strategie promettenti volte a rendere farmacologicamente accessibile il centro catalitico del dominio LH degli enzimi PLODs. Chelanti di ioni metallici come la 2,2’-bipiridina (BPY) possono perturbare l’assetto di un segmento C-terminale che funge da “cappuccio” per l’attività di idrossilazione delle lisine. Infine, i recenti avanzamenti nella determinazione della struttura della proteina LH1 sono presentati nel capitolo 6, tramite osservazioni di microscopia elettronica criogenica (SPA Cryo-EM).In the following thesis are discussed the structural and biochemical features of the main enzymes involved in collagen lysine post-translational modification. A detailed investigation related to the lysine glycosylation is presented in chapter 3 and 5, the works are comparative structural and functional analysis of the glycosyltransferase domains of both PLODS as well as GLT25D1 enzymes. Integrative approaches are used to provide precise mechanistic details of the enzymatic reactions underneath lysine collagen glycosylation. Chapter 3 describes the work which have been done to find promising strategies to make druggable the catalytic centre of the LH domain of PLOD enzymes. Metal ion chelators as 2,2’-bypyridine (BPY) can perturb the arrangement of a C-terminal segment that acts as a cap for the lysine hydroxylase activity. Finally, recent advancement in LH1 protein structure determination is introduced in chapter 6, through SPA cryo-EM
Plasma extracellular vesicles and phosphorylated tau 181 as early biomarkers of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s dementia
No full textBackground: Timely and accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in clinical practice is a great challenge, especially during early disease stages with subtle or mild symptoms of cognitive decline. Moreover, robust and more accessible blood-based screening tests for early diagnosis are needed. In this study, we investigated the core AD blood biomarkers — amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42) and 40 (Aβ40) peptides, phosphorylated tau 181 (p-Tau181), neurofilament light chain (NfL), and total tau (t-Tau) — and extracellular vesicle (EVs) size and concentration in individuals characterized by different stages of cognitive decline to identify biochemical markers of dementia for early diagnosis. Methods: A total of n = 800 human plasma samples were analyzed. Plasma levels of NfL, t-Tau, p-Tau181, Aβ42, Aβ40 and plasma EVs were evaluated in n = 217 elderly healthy subjects (CTRL), in individuals with subjective cognitive complaints (SCC, n = 48), pre-mild cognitive impairment (pre-MCI, n = 58) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 426), and in n = 51 probable AD dementia patients (AD-dem), using ultrasensitive Single Molecule Array technology (Simoa®) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Logistic regression and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analyses were employed. Results: Plasma NfL displayed increased levels in AD-dem and MCI patients, while p-Tau181, Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, Aβ42/p-Tau181 ratio, and EVs plasma levels were altered since the early stages of the pathology: in particular, p-Tau181 levels increased as cognitive symptoms worsened, already in the SCC and pre-MCI groups compared to CTRL, while the ratio of EVs concentration and size (EVs ratio) was decreased in all groups compared to CTRL. Plasma p-Tau181 best classified AD-dem patients from CTRL with an area under the curve (AUC) equal to 0.87, while EVs ratio best differentiated SCC from CTRL (AUC = 0.78). Combining p-Tau181 and EVs ratio with Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio and NfL, respectively, significantly improved the classification of pre-MCI and MCI from CTRL (AUCcomb = 0.79 and AUCcomb = 0.85). Combining biomarkers did not improve accuracy in discriminating MCI from SCC, pre-MCI and AD-dem. Conclusions: p-Tau181 and EVs ratio are promising biomarkers for the identification of individuals at risk of degenerative dementia. Combining the core AD plasma biomarkers with EVs ratio can aid in diagnosing the early stages of AD dementia. Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-025-01897-2
Monarchia di Roma arcaica e costituzione mista in Cicerone. Un dialogo tra passato e presente
No full textNella tradizione della idea di governo misto Cicerone rappresenta una tappa cruciale. Nel racconto della evoluzione della costituzione mista a Roma, la monarchia arcaica gioca un ruolo importante, costruito su un dialogo nascosto ma sempre leggibile tra passato e presente. Il De re publica s’inscrive in una logica ancora interamente repubblicana, dove tuttavia la valorizzazione della componente monarchica della costituzione mista rappresenta un elemento di novità rispetto a Polibio
Culture, tradizioni e convinzioni.La scuola multiculturale nell’esperienza delle Regioni italiane
No full textOltre a fotografare lo stato dell’arte della legislazione e delle politiche regionali in materia di diritto allo studio dei minori stranieri e di integrazione interculturale, valorizzandone peculiarità e soluzioni, l’articolo si propone di restituire una panoramica dei principali metodi e strumenti a presidio delle varie progettualità nell’ambito delle relative programmazioni territoriali. La disamina dell’attivismo e talvolta della creatività delle soluzioni approntate dalle Regioni, dimostra l’importanza del contributo che le stesse possono offrire in questo specifico campo, sullo sfondo di una persistente latitanza del legislatore nazionale sul tema della definizione dell’approccio italiano alla gestione della società multicultural
Rock glacier velocity monitored by annual in-situ geodetic surveys: Long-term challenges, solutions and suggestions
No full textWe provide an overview of geodetic survey designs conducted on 43 rock glaciers (RG) in the European Alps, embed these in an overview of the pioneering phase of monitoring RG movement, and compare our approaches with other studies. Different in-situ geodetic approaches used for the annual survey of RG velocity (RGV) and RG frontal advance (RGA) are examined. Geodetic-based RGV monitoring in the Alps started in 1918 and RGA in 1921. RGV is an associated parameter of the Essential Climate Variable “Permafrost” since 2022. Nowadays, satellite-based positioning or classic measurements with a total station are used for in-situ geodetic surveys. The total number of surveyed boulders at the 43 RGs varies from 1 to 206. In most cases, only a part of these points is considered as “reference points” used to calculate the RGV value of RG units. The density of reference points for RGV calculation ranges from 27.5 to 1143 pts./km2. For RGV monitoring using annual geodetic surveys, we suggest: (a) selecting a RG where multi-decennial monitoring seems to be feasible, (b) distributing uniformly observation points over the entire RG unit of interest along either profiles or well-distributed boulders, (c) repeating measurements always at the same time of the year (September), (d) site-RGV-averaging using all data points, (e) site-RGV-averaging using only the survey markers considered to be the most suitable for long-term monitoring, (f) providing additional statistical information of these points and in particular of the central flowline, and (g) securing long-term storage of original data, metadata and results