Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi di Pavia
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From Biological Waste to Therapeutic Resources: A ComprehensiveReview of Stem Cell Sources, Characterization, and BiomedicalPotentials
No full textThe concept of utilizing biological waste as a resource dates back centuries, with early practices in traditional medicine
repurposing discarded tissues for healing purposes. In recent decades, advances in stem cell biology have revitalized this
concept by identifying multipotent stem cells within various waste materials, including urine, adipose tissue, follicular
fluid, umbilical cord blood, fetal annexes, menstrual blood, and dental pulp byproducts. These sources offer a minimally
invasive, ethically sound, and cost-effective alternative to conventional stem cell harvesting methods. Stem cells derived
from waste materials exhibit robust proliferative abilities and multilineage differentiation potential, positioning them as
valuable tools for regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and personalized therapeutic applications. Clinical studies
highlight their promise. For example, mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue and umbilical cord blood have shown
safety and some effectiveness in early trials. These studies report improvements of up to 30–40% in recovery scores for
osteoarthritis and ischemic heart disease, as well as a 20–35% decrease in inflammatory markers for autoimmune disorders.
Cord blood stem cell transplants have shown 70–90% survival rates in children with blood cancers. This underscores the
clinical potential of waste-derived stem cells. However, regulatory issues limit broader use. Agencies like the U.S. Food
and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency classify many processing methods, especially enzymatic
digestion, as “more-than-minimal manipulation.” This triggers strict requirements for Good Manufacturing Practice, clinical
validation, and safety checks. These rules protect donors, ensure consistency, and check long-term safety. However,
they also slow down clinical adoption. This review describes the history and recent advances in recycling biological waste
to obtain stem cells, operating within the theoretical framework that positions waste-derived materials as viable sources
for regenerative medicine. It highlights how these developments are transforming biomedical research and clinical care
Kontrastive Perspektiven der Stadterneuerung in Italien und Deutschland. Eine lexikographische und korpuslinguistische Untersuchung
No full textMachine learning prediction of compressional slowness in fractured carbonates: balancing data volume and incremental log features
No full textCefiderocol therapy among immunocompromised adult patients: a descriptive analysis from a prospective, multicentre cohort study
No full textChanges in Alcohol Consumption During and After the Covid-19 Pandemic From 2020 to 2023 in a Prospective Cohort of Italian Adults
No full textBackground: The lockdowns imposed by the government during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have had a significant impact on the Italian population habits. Methods: LOckdown and lifeSTyles in Italy and in Tuscany studies collected data on a representative sample of the Italian adult population in 2020 (n = 6,003) followed up through 2023 via four additional surveys (3,000 ≤ n ≤ 6,600) through an online self-administered questionnaire. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Concise was used to identify at-risk drinkers. Considering the cohort of individuals who took part to the first and at least one other wave (n = 5,378), a multi-level logistic model was used to derive odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of being at-risk drinkers. Results: The prevalence of at-risk drinkers was 26.4% before, 23.4% during the first lockdown, and stabilized around 30.0% thereafter. Being at-risk alcohol consumers decreased with decreasing economic status (P for trend <0.001), was less frequent among middle-aged compared to younger (OR 0.73; 95% CI, 0.60–0.89) and among divorced/separated (OR 0.77; 95% CI, 0.60–0.99) or single (OR 0.75; 95% CI, 0.64–0.89) compared to married individuals. It was more frequent among individuals with anxiety or depressive symptoms (OR 1.24; 95% CI, 1.12–1.37), those using psychotropic drugs (OR 1.99; 95% CI, 1.69–2.35) and users of conventional and/or alternative nicotine products (OR 3.67; 95% CI, 3.00–4.48). Conclusion: The long-term trends in alcohol consumption after the COVID-19 pandemic are unfavorable in Italy. The results point to an increased vulnerability for at-risk alcohol consumption among younger individuals, women with higher economic status, and married individuals. At-risk drinking is strongly related to mental health symptoms and nicotine consumption
Comunità ed educazione civica: una lettura costituzionalmente orientata
No full textIl contributo offre una lettura, in prospettiva costituzionale, del rapporto tra comunità ed educazione civica, ricostruendone i fondamenti teorici e lo sviluppo normativo nell’ordinamento italiano. Muovendo da una riflessione sul concetto giuridico di comunità, a partire da Mortati, Moro e Mounier, il contributo analizza la progressiva trasformazione dell’insegnamento dell’educazione civica dal 1958 alle riforme più recenti, mostrando come esso rifletta l’evoluzione della comunità scolastica e delle formazioni sociali nell’Italia repubblicana. Particolare attenzione è dedicata alla legge n. 92/2019 e alle Linee guida ministeriali del 2020 e del 2024, evidenziando l’ampliamento dei contenuti, il carattere trasversale della disciplina e la crescente centralità del metodo esperienziale. Il saggio approfondisce inoltre il tema della comunità in un contesto scolastico caratterizzato da pluralismo culturale e costitutiva eterogeneità, discutendo le sfide legate all’inclusione, alla partecipazione. Le Nuove Indicazioni 2025 vengono infine lette come ulteriore passo nel tentativo di definire la scuola come comunità educante, aperta, plurale e capace di rispondere alle emergenze sociali contemporanee
Absit ab humano pectore potus aquae. L’acqua potabile nella tradizione medica medievale e della prima età moderna
No full textScreening for Polymorphism, Cyclodextrin Complexation, and Co-Crystallization of the Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Fenbufen: Isolation and Characterization of a Co-Crystal and an Ionic Co-Crystal of the API with a Common Coformer
No full textBackground/Objectives: Increasing the solid-state landscape of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) by generating new crystalline forms (e.g., polymorphs, cyclodextrin (CD) inclusion complexes, co-crystals, and salts) can yield products with significantly enhanced biopharmaceutical properties (especially increased water solubility), thereby improving API delivery and extending its lifetime. The aim of this study was the isolation of new solid forms of the poorly water-soluble non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug fenbufen (FBF), for which relatively few solid phases have been reported to date. Further motivation for the study is the recent finding that it has potential for repurposing to treat acute pancreatitis. Methods: Interventions for generating new solid forms of FBF included (a) polymorph screening with a variety of solvent media, (b) attempts to form solid inclusion complexes with the native cyclodextrins α-, β-, and γ-CD using various preparative methods, and (c) co-crystallization with a series of coformers to produce co-crystals and/or molecular salts. Results: No new polymorphic forms of FBF were identified, but screening with CDs resulted in isolation and characterization of a new solid inclusion complex with γ-CD. However, co-crystallization of FBF with the water-soluble coformer isonicotinamide yielded two new products, namely a 1:1 co-crystal and an unusual multi-component ionic co-crystal, whose aqueous solubility indicated significant enhancement of FBF solubility. Conclusions: Due to its extremely low water solubility, FBF presented challenges during the study aimed at modifying its crystalline form. However, two new supramolecular forms, a co-crystal and an ionic co-crystal, were isolated, the latter phase having potential for further formulation owing to its significantly enhanced solubility
Bacterial-like inflammatory response in children with adenovirus leads to inappropriate antibiotic use: a multicenter cohort study
No full textPurpose: To compare the clinical severity of Human Adenovirus (HAdV) infection with other viral diseases in a cohort of children, evaluating presentation, therapy, and outcome. Methods: We conducted a retrospective multicenter cohort study in Italian children hospitalized from January to December 2023 for respiratory symptoms. The study included children with HAdV infection presenting primarily with respiratory symptoms. Patients with isolated gastrointestinal involvement or coinfection with bacteria were excluded. Results: A total of 171 children were enrolled: 98 with HAdV infection (age 44.3 ± 37.9 months) and 73 with other viruses (age 20.4 ± 27.2 months). In the first group, 57.1% had a coinfection with one or more additional viruses. The most common symptoms were fever (89.8%), cough (73.5%) and sore throat (52%). Respiratory distress and hypoxemia were more frequent in the non-HAdV group. Children with HAdV infection demonstrated significantly higher C-reactive protein levels (50.8 ± 54.2 vs. 16.5 ± 33.8 mg/L, p < 0.001), experienced a longer duration of fever (4.9 ± 3.6 vs. 3.4 ± 2.3 days, p = 0.009) and were more likely to receive antibiotic treatment (77.6% vs. 27.4%, p < 0.001). No differences were observed in hospitalization stay, rate of complications, and ICU admission. Conclusions: Interestingly, our data suggests that HAdV-infected children exhibit a more pronounced inflammatory response despite experiencing less severe respiratory symptoms compared to other viruses. The presence of prolonged fever and a strong inflammatory response often leads to antibiotic overuse during the initial phase, when the viral etiology is yet to be confirmed. Early and accurate identification of HAdV infection is crucial to optimize treatment strategies and minimize unnecessary antibiotic use
Bono Giamboni
No full textSi analizza il materiale autografo di Bono Giamboni, giudice e letterato, prosatore e volgarizzatore che dominò la scena letteraria fiorentina delle Origini con opere di assoluto rilievo nell’ambito della trattatistica retorica, morale e allegorica. Oltre a fare il punto sulle indagini archivistiche e sulla sua biografia, se ne inquadra la figura nel panorama culturale fiorentino e italiano dell'epoca