Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi di Pavia
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The Use of Ozone Therapy in the Treatment of Radiotherapy- and Chemotherapy-Induced Mucositis: A Systematic Review
No full textBackground: Mucositis is a frequent complication of chemo- and/or radiotherapy treatments and causes great pain and discomfort to the affected patient. Ozone therapy is a widely studied treatment in numerous disciplines, first and foremost dermatology; the beneficial effects of this treatment have already been confirmed in this field, particularly in the healing of wounds caused by diabetes. However, there is a shortage of studies on the use of this treatment in the management of radio- and/or chemo-induced mucositis. Objectives: This review aims to summarise current evidence on the beneficial effects of ozone treatment in the management of chemo- and/or radio-induced mucositis. Methods: A systematic literature review was carried out on the main databases (Scopus, PubMed and WOS); for each of the included article, the analysis of risk of bias was performed. Results: Seven articles were included in this systematic review, including six preliminary animal studies and one prospective cohort study. Analysing the variables of the studies, it seems that ozone is associated with a decrease in bacterial load, oedema and inflammatory infiltrate at the level of the lesions and a decrease in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, indicators of oxidative stress. Conclusions: The efficacy of ozone for the management of radio- and/or chemo-induced mucositis is still to be confirmed as current evidence provides only two clinical studies. However, beneficial effects were highlighted and deserve to be further investigated
Processualità e relazionalità: Whitehead tra Platone e Aristotele
No full textDiscussione critica delle riflessioni filosofiche di Whitehead sul pensiero di Platone e Aristotele in chiave teoretico-ricostruttiva
Conducting polymers as anticorrosive coatings
No full textI polimeri conduttori sono promettenti materiali anticorrosivi. È stata realizzata la sintesi di un nuovo PEDOT chirale e idrofobico con polimerizzazione ossidativa e polimerizzazione per arilazione diretta di un nuovo monomero EDOT funzionalizzato con due catene idrofobiche di palmitato. Un brevetto su questa invenzione è stato depositato in Italia. La stampa 3D DLP è stata utilizzata per produrre oggetti conduttivi senza uso di metalli. La conduttività è stata aumentata aggiungendo MWCNT in una fotoresina composta da PEGDA e un nuovo crosslinker, PEDOT-diacrilato. È stata indagata l’azione anticorrosiva di quattro polianiline disostituite sintetizzate tramite polimerizzazione ossidativa. I risultati anticorrosivi delle PANI a diversi livelli di doping sono stati valutati in un sistema monostrato. Un primer di polianilina idrofobica ha fornito self-healing in un rivestimento a doppio strato polianilina/epossidico danneggiato. Infine, è stata studiata la polimerizzazione fotoindotta da luce visibile dell’anilina. I sistemi fotocatalitici Ru(bpy)2+, [RuCl(Ind)(PPh3)2] e acridinio sono stati confrontati in termini di resa della reazione e UV-vis. Gli ultimi due sistemi sono stati utilizzati per la prima volta nella sintesi della PANI e sono strategie valide per la sintesi di compositi polimerici conduttori con applicazione nell'anticorrosione, nella sensoristica e nella stampa 3D.Conducting polymers have emerged as promising anticorrosive materials. First, the synthesis of a novel chiral and hydrophobic PEDOT was achieved by oxidative and direct heteroarylation polymerization of a novel EDOT monomer functionalized by two hydrophobic chains of palmitate. A patent about this invention was deposited in Italy. Afterwards, digital light 3D printing was used to produce metal-free conducting objects. Their conductivity was increased by addition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes into a photoresin composed by PEGDA and a novel PEDOT-diacrylate crosslinker. Corrosion prevention of four disubstituted polyanilines synthesized by oxidative polymerization was investigated. Corrosion results of the PANIs at different doping levels were screened in monolayer system. A hydrophobic polyaniline primer provided efficient self-healing in a scratched polyaniline/epoxy double layered coating. Eventually, the visible light photoinduced polymerization of aniline was studied. Ru(bpy)2+, [RuCl(Ind)(PPh3)2] and acridinium photocatalytic systems were compared in terms of reaction yield and UV-vis. The last two were used for the first time in PANI synthesis and are valid strategies for the synthesis of conducting polymeric composites with application in anticorrosion, sensors and 3D printing
Influence of smallholder farmers’ entrepreneurial orientation on intention to continue using climate-smart dairy strategies: Mediating role of theory of planned behaviour constructs
No full textClimate change has increasingly impacted dairy production over the past decade. In response, climate-smart dairy strategies have been promoted to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance the resilience of smallholder farmers. However, despite growing pressure to adopt these sustainable practices, adoption rates remain low. This study explores the key drivers influencing farmers’ intention to adopt climate-smart dairy strategies, aiming to identify effective entry points for promoting their uptake. We used the theory of planned behaviour and entrepreneurial orientation, filling some gaps in the literature by capturing the interplay between entrepreneurial orientation and socio-psychological factors. Partial least squares structural equation modelling was employed to determine different constructs’ direct and indirect effects on behavioural intention to use climate-smart dairy strategies from 385 respondents drawn from Nyandarua County. According to the results, aggressiveness, risk-taking, autonomy, and innovativeness were statistically significant in explaining perceived behavioural control. Proactiveness and autonomy had a positive influence on attitude. Additionally, perceived behavioural control, subjective norms, and attitudes were positively correlated with perceived usefulness and behavioural intention to use climate-smart dairy strategies. This study suggests that reinforcing capacity-building initiatives through training is essential to enhance farmers’ entrepreneurial behaviours concerning adopting climate-smart dairy strategies. Moreover, it emphasises the significance of socio-psychological factors in decision-making processes, advocating that instilling the appropriate attitudes among farmers will facilitate the uptake of climate-smart dairy strategies. However, this study is based on self-reported data, which can be subject to recall error and social desirability bias, which could negatively impact the quality of the given response
Sustainable Drug and Organic Target Synthesis via Innovative Electrochemical and Flow Technologies
No full textIl progetto di tesi esplora metodi sostenibili per la sintesi di composti farmaceutici utilizzando tecnologie elettrochimiche e flow chemistry. I processi chimici tradizionali implicano spesso reagenti pericolosi e produzione di scarti, mentre queste alternative verdi offrono reazioni più pulite, sicure ed efficienti. L’elettrochimica sfrutta la corrente elettrica per attivare le reazioni senza l’uso di reagenti stechiometrici, migliorando l’economia atomica e riducendo i rifiuti. La flow chemistry aumenta sicurezza, controllo e scalabilità. Il lavoro si concentra su tre progetti: (1) idrossilazione decarbossilativa elettrochimica per la sintesi dell’acido bempedoico in condizioni mild e sicure; (2) lattonizzazione elettrocatalitica mediata da NHPI per ottenere ftalidi da alcoli benzilici usando ossigeno molecolare; (3) un sistema modulare a flusso continuo per la sintesi di ammine α,α-difluorometileniche, importanti in ambito farmaceutico. Queste strategie mirano a sviluppare sintesi green e scalabili per molecole a rilevanza terapeutica.The presented thesis explores sustainable methods for synthesizing pharmaceutical compounds using electrochemical and flow-based technologies. Traditional chemical processes often involve hazardous reagents and waste, while these green alternatives offer cleaner, safer, and more efficient reactions. Electrochemistry uses electric current to drive reactions without stoichiometric reagents, improving atom economy and reducing waste. Flow chemistry enhances safety, control, and scalability. The work focuses on three projects: (1) electrochemical decarboxylative hydroxylation for making bempedoic acid under mild, safe conditions; (2) NHPI-mediated lactonization of benzylic alcohols to synthesize phthalides using oxygen as oxidant; (3) a modular flow system for synthesizing α,α-difluoromethylene amines, key medicinal compounds. Together, these strategies aim to enable greener, scalable routes to drug-like molecules, addressing key challenges in sustainable organic synthesis
Recyclable organic Redox Flow Batteries
No full textQuesto progetto nasce dalla crescente domanda di elettricità e produzione di energia. Recenti ricerche hanno dimostrato un forte interesse per le batterie organiche a flusso redox (ORFB), definite come sistemi di accumulo di energia stazionari che utilizzano reazioni redox che coinvolgono molecole elettroattive organiche in grado di essere ridotte, come chinoni e carbonili, o ossidate, come nitrossidi radicali o dialcossibenzene. Il lavoro sperimentale è implementato in modo tale da partire dai precursori, passare ai monomeri e proseguire con i polimeri e i copolimeri. L'uso dei polimeri è strategico perché impedisce il crossover dei materiali elettroattivi e comporta l'uso di una membrana che trattiene le macromolecole, consentendo solo agli ioni di passare da un lato all'altro. La caratterizzazione elettrochimica dei precursori e delle piccole molecole contribuisce a migliorare la struttura chimica dei monomeri, evidenziando la dipendenza della struttura chimica dalla risposta elettrochimica. Sono stati sintetizzati polimetacrilati redox organici, che mostrano un'elevata solubilità nei solventi organici grazie alle reazioni di copolimerizzazione con diversi gruppi pendenti. Le loro prestazioni elettrochimiche risultano correlate al monomero originale. Sono state proposte strategie di progettazione modulare per migliorare la corrispondente elettroattività.This project stems from the rising demand for electricity and energy production. Recent research has shown a strong interest in Organic Redox Flow Batteries (ORFBs), defined as stationary energy storage systems that use redox reactions involving organic electroactive molecules capable of being reduced, like quinones and carbonyls, or oxidized, like radical nitroxide or dialkoxybenzene. The experimental work is implemented in such a way, starting from precursors, to monomers, followed by polymers and copolymers. The employment of polymers is strategic because it prevents the crossover of electroactive materials and involves the use of a membrane that retains macromolecules, allowing only ions to pass from one side to the other. The electrochemical characterization of precursors and small molecules helps to improve the chemical structure of monomers, highlighting the dependence of the chemical structure on the electrochemical response. Organic Redox polymethacrylates have been synthesized, displaying high solubility in organic solvents thanks to copolymerization reactions with different pendant groups. Their electrochemical performance is found to be related to the original monomer. Modular design strategies were proposed to improve the corresponding electroactivity
Cultural heritage documentation: Applying holistic interdisciplinary approach for sustainable conservation and management
No full textConservation and heritage protection efforts necessitate a contemporary and comprehensive approach to ensure long-term sustainability. Establishing a formalized framework for cultural heritage management and encouraging interdisciplinary collaboration are crucial for safeguarding assets, enhancing public awareness, fostering social inclusion, and supporting sustainable development efforts. An in-depth knowledge base and comprehensive understanding are indispensable for identifying appropriate and sensitive conservation strategies. Documentation serves as the fundamental method for systematically recording, collecting, and preserving knowledge to support conservation efforts, research initiatives, and educational activities. Heritage communication—in theory and semantics—becomes more challenging without proper guidelines and meticulous, detailed documentation. Integrating emerging technologies, capable of bridging the past, present, and future, underpins proper documentation and improves the accessibility and interoperability of cultural data. The utilization of analytical and digital tools offers limitless opportunities to preserve cultural heritage, encompassing the documentation of attributes such as morphology, materials, chemical composition, stylistic features, temporal significance, and the social or religious implications linked to heritage items. This paper highlights the importance of documenting cultural heritage as a key part of heritage conservation, reviews digital technologies that enhance its efficiency, compatibility, and interoperability, and emphasizes the need for an interdisciplinary and comprehensive approach to documenting cultural heritage resources. Furthermore, it provides an alternative conceptual and operational framework to ensure secure, sustainable, and effective documentation, as well as to develop a sample information system. The insights gained from this study aim to help institutions, professionals, and policymakers involved in the safeguarding, preservation, and long-term sustainability of cultural heritage documentation