Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi di Pavia
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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF TRANSIMPEDANCE AMPLIFIERS FOR LOW-POWER, SHORT-REACH OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS IN FINFET TECHNOLOGY
No full textIn this thesis, the feasibility of using advanced Fin-Field-Effect-Transistors (FinFET) technology nodes to implement broadband, low-noise transimpedance amplifiers (TIA) for low-power, short-reach optical communications was investigated.
The candidate technology platform was chosen to be the 12 nm LP+ FinFET technology from GlobalFoundries. After a preliminary technology characterization and comparison with older nodes, a theoretical analysis of inverter-based shunt-feedback TIA topologies was carried out, supported by schematic-level simulations. Such analysis aimed at finding the best TIA sizing and peaking scheme to minimize power consumption while also achieving the desired bandwidth and noise performances. Once the targets were achieved in circuit simulations, the design layout was completed and a chip was fabricated.
The chip was experimentally tested, showing good performances, albeit some discrepancies with the simulations were observed. The designed chip proves the feasibility of broadband, low-noise TIA for low-power, short-reach optical
links in advanced FinFET nodes.
Within the context of the research activities for the present thesis, a Mach-Zehnder modulator driver for coherent optical communications was experimentally tested, whose design, based on novel closed-loop topologies, had been
previously carried out by another PhD student at the University of Pavia. Finally, a first design exploration of another optical TIA in GlobalFoundries’ 22 nm Fully-Depleted Silicon-On-Insulator (FDSOI) technology to be used with
graphene-based photodetectors was carried out as well. The complete designed is actively being finalized by another PhD student
Comporre all'improvviso. Pratiche di accompagnamento nella Venezia del Settecento
No full textLa tesi analizza le pratiche di accompagnamento su basso continuo nel Settecento, assumendo Venezia come principale ambito di studio. Il lavoro prende avvio dai recenti studi sul partimento, che ne hanno mostrato il ruolo pedagogico, ma osserva come tali ricerche si siano concentrate soprattutto sul contesto napoletano, lasciando marginali altri ambienti.
La ricerca mira a colmare questa lacuna attraverso l’esame di fonti didattiche veneziane a stampa e manoscritte, affrontate nei capitoli II, III e IV. L’indagine evidenzia i processi di costruzione della cognizione armonica di base e le continuità tra diversi strumenti didattici. Sul piano metodologico, allo studio storico-filologico si affiancano contributi delle scienze cognitive e analisi performative.
La tesi sostiene che la cognizione armonico-musicale derivi da cicli di azione e percezione corporeamente situati: senza azione non vi è cognizione, e l’interpretazione delle fonti deve considerare l’esperienza corporea attuale.
Il capitolo V esamina l’accompagnamento come attività performativa, superando la dicotomia composizione/improvvisazione e riprendendo l’idea di Gasparini dell’“accompagnare come comporre all’improvviso”. Il capitolo VI sintetizza i risultati e definisce il basso continuo come cultura musicale di un mondo. La ricerca apre infine a possibili sviluppi futuri sul piano storico e performativo.This thesis analyses basso continuo accompaniment practices in the 18th century, focusing primarily on Venice. The work draws on recent studies on partimento, which have highlighted its pedagogical role, but notes that such research has concentrated mainly on the Neapolitan context, leaving other environments marginalised.
The research aims to fill this gap by examining Venetian printed and manuscript teaching sources, which are discussed in chapters II, III and IV. The investigation highlights the processes of constructing basic harmonic cognition and the continuities between different teaching instruments. Methodologically, the historical-philological study is complemented by contributions from cognitive science and performance analysis.
The thesis argues that harmonic-musical cognition derives from cycles of bodily situated action and perception: without action there is no cognition, and the interpretation of sources must take into account actual bodily experience.
Chapter V examines accompaniment as a performative activity, overcoming the composition/improvisation dichotomy and taking up Gasparini's idea of “accompanying as composing on the spot”. Chapter VI summarises the results and defines basso continuo as the musical culture of a world. Finally, the research opens up possible future developments on a historical and performative level
Juvenile Mycosis Fungoides: A Multicenter Retrospective Italian Study
No full textWhy Was the Study Undertaken?
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The study aimed to characterise juvenile‐onset mycosis fungoides (JMF), a rare and under‐ recognised cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma. The researchers analysed the clinical, histopathological, and immunophenotypic features; treatment response; and long‐term outcomes of a multicenter Italian cohort. They paid particular attention to age‐ related differences.
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What Does This Study Add?
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It is one of the largest Southern European JMF cohorts with extended follow‐up. The study confirms the high prevalence of CD8+ phenotypes and hypopigmented variants, highlights a frequent association of JMF with atopic dermatitis in younger children, and identifies a possible age‐related gradient in long‐term remission rates.
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What Are the Implications of This Study for Understanding the Disease and/or Providing Clinical Care?
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The findings support recognising JMF as a clinically and biologically distinct entity. Earlier onset of the disease may predict more sustained remission, which underscores the need for paediatric‐specific diagnostic vigilance and management guideline
Multi-Node real time control for pressure regulation and energy recovery in water distribution networks using Pump-as-Turbines
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Isotope techniques for sustainable water resources management in mining-related settings: A state-of-the-art review
No full textMining activities can significantly alter surface and groundwater systems. Therefore, sustainable water resources management has become a central requirement and strategic necessity for responsible mining. This requires tools capable of characterizing water sources, flow paths, and contaminant dynamics to support informed and responsible decision-making. Stable and radioactive isotopes are powerful tracers of the origin, age, movement, and transport of water and its constituents, as well as indicators of the water-rock interactions affecting groundwater and surface water quality. This paper reviews publications from 2022 to 2024 that discuss advancements in isotopic techniques and their applications, with the goal to promote the adoption of integrated isotopic and geochemical methods in mining-related assessments. The review is organized into three sections: 1) the understanding of hydro(geo)logical circuits: water sources and circulation, mixing processes, hydro(geo)logical alteration, river-groundwater interactions and groundwater age; 2) the assessment of mining-related contamination processes: contamination by S or by N compounds, discrimination between mining and other contamination sources, the use of minor and trace element isotopes, the salinity issues, and the identification of gas production and exchange; and 3) the application of isotope approaches for monitoring the impact of mining and assessing remediation measures, whether natural or engineered. Finally, the intrinsic strengths and weaknesses, as well as the external opportunities and limitations to the application of isotopic approaches are discussed. The review summarizes the commonly encountered sources and processes in mining settings and provides graphical outputs to assist with interpreting new experimental data, highlighting environmental isotopes as “sustainable investigation tools”
RECONNECTING WITH YOUR CULTURE (RWYC): TOWARDS CULTURAL AWAKENING, PROSPECTS AND VISION
No full textReconnecting With Your Culture (RWYC) is an international pedagogical programme that awakens youth to engage with cultural heritage and contribute to inclusive, deeper education vis-à-vis moral education, thereby fostering the sustainable development of humanity and a harmonious future. RWYC across the world organises several activities, cultural sensitivity programmes, heritage awakening, and conservation initiatives for the younger generation, which are in dialogue with the local heritage throughout the year since its establishment on 20 July 2020. RWYC’s accomplishments promote “local cultural heritage” under the vision of making bridges between “locality” and “universality. This appraisal paper attempts to synthesise the insights, reflections, and perspectives promoted under RWYC’s mission worldwide. Data is collected through an online questionnaire, and assessments are made against goals, activities, and results. Additionally, the value and vision of RWYC are comparatively examined within the purview of educational philosophy, perspectives, and their application to future pedagogical requirements, thereby promoting continued dialogue and the development of transformation strategies to cultivate better youth for the future world
Disparities in diabetes treatment and monitoring for people with and without mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textBACKGROUND: People with mental disorders have an increased risk of diabetes, yet conflicting evidence exists regarding the quality of diabetes care they receive. To address this evidence gap, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess and compare diabetes quality of care in people with diabetes with mental disorders versus people with diabetes without mental disorders. METHODS: In this systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis, we searched Scopus, Embase, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO for cohort and case-control studies published between database inception and Feb 8, 2025. We estimated summary odds ratios (ORs) for diabetes quality of care indicators in individuals with any mental disorder versus without mental disorders to investigate the association between the presence of a mental disorder and diabetes quality of care indicators, including overall diabetes monitoring and treatment. Studies were excluded if it was not possible to generate pooled quantitative data. The primary outcome was a binary composite measure of diabetes quality of care, meaning the percentage of people receiving any diabetes monitoring and treatment (ie, urine albumin-creatinine ratio test, HbA1c test, blood pressure measured, foot surveillance, serum creatinine test, serum cholesterol test, BMI recorded, smoking status recorded, retinal monitoring). Secondary outcomes were study-specific diabetes quality of care individual indicators matched to the nine NICE diabetes monitoring indicators and specific diabetes interventions and anti-diabetes medications. We analysed primary and secondary outcomes according to any mental disorder and to specific diagnostic subgroups. Study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). FINDINGS: Data from 49 studies (42 cohort and seven case-control) were included, comprising 5 503 712 individuals with diabetes, of whom 838 366 (15·2%) had a diagnosed mental disorder (defined using ICD-9 or ICD-10 criteria in 40 studies). Sex was reported in 35 of 49 studies, comprising 4 250 666 individuals, 1 956 506 (46·0%) of whom were female and 2 294 160 (54·0%) were male. The mean age was 61·4 years (SD 8·7; range 47-82 years). 38 studies reported on various mental disorders, 21 on mood disorders spectrum, 21 on major depressive disorder, 20 on schizophrenia, 11 on bipolar disorder, 11 on substance use disorder spectrum, including alcohol use disorder, six on dementia, five on anxiety disorder spectrum, and one on personality disorder spectrum. Most studies were high quality and spanned Asia, North America, Europe, and Australasia. Significant negative associations were observed between having any mental disorder and the likelihood of receiving any recommended diabetes monitoring (29 studies, OR=0·81 [95% CI 0·70-0·94], p=0·0049). Negative associations were also observed for HbA1c measurement (24 studies, 0·81 [0·68-0·97], p=0·024), retinal screening (21 studies, 0·77 [0·63-0·95], p=0·013), lipid and cholesterol measurement (20 studies, 0·83 [0·69-0·99], p=0·043), foot examination (11 studies, 0·85 [0·76-0·95], p=0·0044), and renal investigation (16 studies, 0·78 [0·63-0·96], p=0·022). A significant positive association was found between any mental disorder and recorded smoking status (two studies, 1·09 [1·02-1·17]; p=0·0076). Any mental disorder was significantly associated with higher odds of receiving insulin (ten studies, 1·52 [95% CI 1·16-1·99]; p=0·0022), but negatively associated with treatment with a GLP-1 receptor agonist (two studies, 0·26 [0·13-0·49]; p<0·0001). There was no evidence of publication bias. INTERPRETATION: Mental disorders are negatively associated with receiving adequate diabetes monitoring and GLP-1 agonist therapy. Addressing these disparities has the potential to address the increased mortality associated with mental disorders.None
Effects of the inherent damping modelling approaches on the seismic demand of nonstructural elements
No full textThe importance of nonstructural elements in the overall seismic performance of buildings highlights the need for accurate and precise calculations of their seismic demand and response. Currently, building codes and other guideline documents suggest values and modelling approaches to consider the inherent damping of the structural system. However, these recommendations were developed focusing only on the structural response, neglecting the effects they can have on the nonstructural seismic demand. In addition, bad design practices along with misinterpretations of damping formulations can lead to erroneous evaluation of the seismic demand on nonstructural elements, and therefore, to under- or overestimate their seismic capacity. This study evaluates the impact of diverse inherent structural damping modelling assumptions on the seismic demand of nonstructural elements through the evaluation of different floor response spectra. The results were obtained from an archetype reinforced concrete framed structure subjected to non-linear time history analyses using several seismic intensity levels. The inherent damping in the archetype building was modelled following commonly used assumptions such as mass proportional damping, stiffness proportional damping, and Rayleigh damping, considering also the use of initial or tangent stiffness, and two different levels of equivalent viscous damping, The results show that the modelling assumptions of the inherent damping can have significant effects on the floor response spectra, hence, on the seismic demand of nonstructural elements, exhibiting mean differences between the maximum and minimum response parameter of up to three times the minimum value
SHMD: A Sequential Approach for Martian Hydrated Minerals Detection and Abundance Mapping
No full textHydrated minerals (HMs) serve as key indicators of geological processes and the historical presence of water on Mars. Detecting their distribution and composition via remote sensing is therefore crucial for advancing our understanding of Martian aqueous environments. Current detection approaches typically rely on predefined spectral libraries or endmembers extracted directly from images, often overlooking signals from low-abundance components. This leads to low automation in the detection process and unstable inversion results for HM identification. To address these limitations, we propose a novel framework named sequential hydrated mineral detection (SHMD). This method adaptively extracts endmembers from distinct regions using qualitative data without requiring prior information. An automated endmember extraction process further ensures the accuracy and precision of the HM inversion. In this study, experiments were conducted within three regions of the Perseverance rover's candidate landing site. Four categories of samples were labeled in Mawrth Vallis data, and classification accuracy was evaluated using a HM abundance map. Comparative experiments demonstrate that the proposed SHMD outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in terms of detection accuracy, particularly in regions with medium and low abundance of HMs