Archivio istituzionale della Ricerca - Bocconi
Not a member yet
30225 research outputs found
Sort by
Pluralismo giuridico e diritto privato europeo
No full textLegal pluralism stands in opposition to legal positivism, challenging the state-centered model of national law.
The assumption of an omniscient and omnipotent legislator clashes with a dynamic socio-economic reality and the
emergence of new legal phenomena, such as transnational law and soft law. The globalization of law weakens the
state’s legislative monopoly, while the market and international arbitration increasingly gain prominence. At the
European level, an organic coordination between ius communitatis, linked to the (derivative) sovereignty of the Union,
and ius commune europaeum, rooted in the common legal tradition of the Member States, is therefore necessary.
However, the construction of European private law should not lead to its de-nationalization but rather to the
integration of national traditions within a common framework that ensures both their viability and preservation. To
this end, the role of legal doctrine and legal culture must be emphasized, particularly in the academic and professional
training of the jurists of tomorrow
Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) - Article 101
No full textThe contribution consists of an analytical comment of Article 101 TFUE, and analyses and critically assesses the case law of the CJEU and its interpretation of Article 101 TFEU
Stato e mercato nell’esperienza italiana: dall’Unità alla seconda guerra mondiale
No full textL’indagine sul rapporto tra Stato italiano e mercato procede concentrandosi sugli anni della ricostruzione nel dopoguerra, del boom economico (1958-1963), delle riforme sociali e politiche, fino all’unificazione monetaria intorno all’Euro del 2001 e prosegue sino ai giorni nostr
No-Regret is not enough! Bandits with General Constraints through Adaptive Regret Minimization
No full textPrioritizing, integrating, and communicating sustainability to prevent social washing
No full textNowadays, companies are under increasing pressure to adopt social sustainability programs to effectively respond to both stakeholder expectations and new policies. Social sustainability plays a critical role in shaping ethical operations, inclusive workplaces, and long-term corporate legitimacy. However, compared to the environmental aspect, more research is needed to discover new and effective paths for properly embedding social sustainability into business practices. Accordingly, this paper analyses how companies prioritize and assess social sustainability practices, how they integrate such practices into their corporate strategy, and how effectively they communicate the social commitments to the stakeholders. These objectives are pursued by adopting both qualitative and quantitative methodologies and analyzing 208 Italian companies. The findings reveal that companies prioritize five sustainable development goals, specifically: decent work, health and well-being, gender equality, quality education, and reduced inequality. These dimensions are frequently verified through external certifications and awards. At the same time, the integration of social sustainability into the corporate strategy requires several soft skills in addition to adaptability, flexibility, and responsiveness. Moreover, many companies communicate their social sustainability through reports, official websites, and social media, facilitating stakeholder awareness; hence, stakeholders can be effectively engaged through structured surveys, interviews, and meetings. Finally, to ensure credibility and avoid social washing, companies employ internal audits, adopt international standards, and invest in transparency tools to assess their social impact
Some problematic issues concerning the implementation of the MCD in Italy
No full textThis article examines the principal problematic themes governed by the Mortgage Credit Directive, more than a decade after its enactment. The focus lies specifically on the Directive's transposition into Italian law and its impact over time. Furthermore, it offers insights into potential future developments of Italian regulations in this area
Parameterized algorithms for block-structured integer programs with large entries
No full textWe study two classic variants of block-structured integer programming.
Two-stage stochastic programs are integer programs with constraints of the form
A_i x + D_i y_i = b_i for all i = 1, ..., n,
where A_i and D_i are bounded-size matrices. Intuitively, after choosing a small set of global variables x, the problem decomposes into many bounded-size subproblems.
n-fold programs are integer programs with constraints of the form
(∑_i C_i y_i = a) and (D_i y_i = b_i for all i = 1, ..., n),
again with bounded-size matrices C_i and D_i. This captures knapsack-like settings where variables are partitioned into small groups that obey local constraints, while a few global constraints link all variables.
Recent work shows that optimization for both two-stage stochastic programs and n-fold programs is fixed-parameter tractable (FPT) when parameterized by the dimensions of the relevant matrices A_i, C_i, D_i and by the maximum absolute entry in the constraint matrix. A key tool is the Graver basis, which assumes all constraint entries are bounded.
We prove that these FPT results persist even when large entries are allowed in the global part of the program:
Two-stage stochastic programs (feasibility): FPT when parameterized by the dimensions of A_i and D_i and by the maximum absolute entry of D_i. In particular, A_i may have arbitrarily large entries.
Uniform n-fold integer programs (linear optimization): FPT when parameterized by the dimensions of C_i and D_i and by the maximum absolute entry of D_i, provided all C_i are equal to a common matrix C; C may have arbitrarily large entries.
The uniformity requirement in the second result is necessary: without it, the problem is NP-hard even for constant parameter values. Both algorithms are weakly polynomial, with running time measured in the total bit size of the input.
Methodologically, we move beyond a purely Graver-basis approach. For two-stage stochastic programs, we reduce to an integer program with a bounded number of variables using new insights about the combinatorics of integer cones. For n-fold programs, we reduce the given instance to an exponential-size program with bounded right-hand sides, and then solve it via a reduction to mixed-integer programming with a bounded number of integral variables
Six-month follow-up of antibody response to bivalent mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine booster in healthcare workers
No full textHealthcare workers (HCW) are at increased risk for SARS-CoV-2 exposure and infection and have been preferentially prioritised in vaccination campaigns. The present study aims to monitor vaccine-induced humoral immune response over a 6-month period in a cohort of 494 HCW who received a booster immunization with
bivalent mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
Overall, the study sample displayed high anti-trimeric Spike IgG levels at baseline (prior vaccine administration), which increased one month after the bivalent booster but declined over the subsequent six months. Sex,
type of vaccine, concomitant seasonal flu vaccination, and anti-N IgG seropositivity had no significant impact on
antibody levels one-month post-vaccination, while higher antibody increase was seen in individuals with lower
baseline immunity and older age groups. Sera from 45 HCWs were tested in neutralization assays against the
BA.5 and XBB.1.5 subvariants. Almost all sera neutralized BA.5 before vaccination; 23 (51.1 %) neutralized
XBB.1.5 before vaccination, rising to 35 (77.8 %) after six months. MNT against BA.5 was higher than against
XBB.1.5 at both time points, and anti-trimeric S IgG levels correlated with MNT for both strains.
In conclusion, the present study suggests significant pre-existing immunity, possibly from prior infections,
asymptomatic exposure to SARS-CoV-2, and multiple vaccine doses. We found that individuals with lower
baseline immunity exhibited a stronger and faster antibody response to vaccination, which was also beneficial in providing a broader antibody repertoire against newly circulating variants. Overall, these findings offer crucial
insights for shaping future immunization policies in a population that remains at elevated risk