Archivio istituzionale della Ricerca - Bocconi
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The political legacies of Wartime Resistance: how local communities in Italy keep anti-fascist sentiments alive
Get PDFCan past wartime experiences affect political behavior beyond those who lived through them? We argue that local experiences of armed resistance leave political legacies that “memory entrepreneurs” can translate into contemporary political action via a community-based process of intergenerational transmission consisting of three core activities – memorialization, localization, and mobilization. We empirically substantiate this argument in Italy, where an intense armed resistance movement against Nazi-Fascist forces took place in the 1940s. We combine statistical analysis of original data across Italian municipalities and within-case analysis of a purposively selected locality to show how the past impacts the present via the preservation and activation of collective memories. This study improves our understanding of the processes of long-term transmission, emphasizes armed resistance as a critical source of the long-term political legacies of war, and explores its political effects beyond electoral and party politics
The temporal alignment of mental health consultations across family members: a study of Norwegian adolescents, their parents, and siblings
Get PDFPurpose: Mental health problems among adolescents have become more prevalent in recent years. Parents' and siblings' mental health might be affected by living with a depressed adolescent. This study examines how the mental health of family members develops in the years before and after an adolescent seeks help for depression. Methods: Unique Norwegian register data that cover the full population are used to estimate models with individual fixed effects. The development in the probability of mental health consultations for parents and older siblings in families with a second-born adolescent seeking help for depression from a GP for the first time is compared to the respective development in families where the second-born adolescent has not had such health care consultation. Results : Results indicate that adolescents' depression consultations are associated with a simultaneous increase in mental health consultations in parents and siblings. Mothers and fathers are affected similarly, although the effect seems to be short-lived. Siblings experience a short-term increase in mental health consultations, in addition to a steeper long-term increase across the observation period, compared to peers in families where the second-born adolescent does not seek help for depression. Events that might affect the mental health of multiple family members simultaneously, specifically parental breakup and unemployment, did not explain the observed patterns. Conclusion : Help-seeking for mental health problems is temporally aligned across family members. Intra- and intergenerational spillovers might contribute to this
I progetti codificatori di Teodosio II fra Oriente e Occidente: considerazioni preliminari
Get PDFGli intenti codificatori di Teodosio II, delineati nelle due costituzioni del 429 e del 435, hanno trovato, come noto, una loro definitiva composizione nella costituzione del 438 con la quale. stato promulgato il Codex che dall’Imperatore ha preso la propria denominazione. Dalla prima costituzione, riportata in CTh. 1.1.5, emerge chiaramente l’intento di realizzare – ad similitudinem Gregoriani atque Hermogeniani codicis – una raccolta delle leggi imperiali aventi carattere generale, a partire da quelle emanate da Costantino, cos. da fornire uno strumento unitario di regolamentazione normativa del diritto vigente. L’opera divisata dai compilatori, infatti, avrebbe dovuto assicurare un sistema normativo organico, da integrarsi con una selezione di frammenti della giurisprudenza classica, che ne avrebbe garantito l’uniformità. interpretativa in entrambe le partes Imperii. Sappiamo, tuttavia, che dopo sei anni, solo la prima parte del progetto aveva trovato piena realizzazione. Nel 435 Teodosio II pubblicò. una nuova costituzione, riportata in CTh. 1.1.6, con la quale veniva previsto un riordino e, al contempo, una attualizzazione del materiale raccolto. La commissione imperiale concluse i propri lavori nel 438. Nello stesso anno il Codice venne pubblicato nella parte orientale dell’Impero con la Nov. Th. 1. A bene vedere, la promulgazione del Codice in Occidente offre, ancora oggi, argomenti di indagine sul significato di quella scelta territoriale nei rapporti tra le due partes Imperii, di fronte al perdurare di una volontà imperiale volta al mantenimento di una unitarietà legislativa, pur nella ormai acquisita consapevolezza delle peculiarità e, talvolta, delle diversità che caratterizzavano la parte Orientale da quella Occidentale dell’Impero, come emerge dall’esame delle numerose costituzioni che, pur conservate nel Teodosiano e, per questo, considerate di portata generale, si limitavano a disciplinare aspetti particolari legati ad esigenze territorialmente circoscritte, ove non locali
The Interplay Between Solidarity and Agency in the New Pact on Migration and Asylum
Get PDFThis thesis explores the persistent state of permacrisis in the EU migration management, where the Union has repeatedly failed to adapt its policies to the ever-changing patterns of migration flows targeting the continent. It is argued that the ineffectiveness of the Common European Asylum Policy (CEAS) stems from the lack of agency recognition provisions in the operationalisation of the principle of solidarity and fair sharing of responsibilities.
The Dublin system is indeed plagued by systemic failures resulting from non-compliant attitudes by both Member States – who criticise the inherent imbalances in the system and the insufficient implementation of solidarity – and asylum seekers, who cannot choose the country where to seek and enjoy asylum once entered the EU. Both the EU legislators and the Court of Justice of the EU have introduced multiple measures to enhance the effectiveness of the CEAS. However, these approaches share a common flaw: they are rooted in a dogmatic view that frames solidarity and agency as mutually exclusive concepts.
The thesis challenges the perceived irreconcilability of interstate solidarity and the recognition of asylum seekers' agency. It advances the normative argument that EU asylum law should incorporate agency in the operationalisation of solidarity within the CEAS. It is claimed that agency positively influences the enforcement of the EU asylum policy, fostering the compliance of asylum seekers to the rules and enhancing the overall effectiveness of the EU asylum policy in achieving its objectives.
The case for agency recognition is grounded on the assessment of the weaknesses affecting the Dublin system and the inability of the New Pact on Migration and Asylum to properly address them. The reforms introduce new solidarity measures in both standard and emergency migration management: The Dublin system remains largely unchanged but is counterbalanced by the introduction of a permanent solidarity mechanism and a mix of solidarity and derogation measures available to Member States in crisis situations. However, asylum seekers remain excluded from the decision-making governing the new system: any attempt at onward movement is forbidden and harshly sanctioned, and their involvement in all phases of the asylum process – from the authorisation to enter EU territory to the selection of the applicable asylum procedure and access to remedies – is significantly restricted.
The thesis maintains that the solutions identified under the New Pact are not the only way to operationalise solidarity, as demonstrated by the Ukrainian temporary protection scheme. Faced with the sudden arrival of millions of refugees escaping the Russian invasion, the EU activated the Temporary Protection Directive and equipped it with a free-choice responsibility-sharing approach: refugees’ intra-EU movements are allowed and encouraged as a medium of inter-state solidarity. By choosing where to obtain protection, beneficiaries of temporary protection implement a redistribution model among Member States without relying on overly complicated – and oftentimes unsuccessful – relocation plans.
The Ukrainian temporary protection scheme has been successful in defusing the risk of a “migration crisis” through the active involvement of refugees in its governance. Nonetheless, the Union has opted for the codification of the instrumentalisation approach within its crisis control mechanism. This model empowers Member States to combat "hybrid threats," such as the inflow of asylum seekers facilitated by hostile actors, through derogations that exclude asylum seekers from both the legal and geographic territory of the Union. Despite the clear agency-denial direction taken by the EU in reforming its asylum policy, the thesis argues that the EU possesses the legislative and normative flexibility to operationalise solidarity through agency, making the CEAS more resilient and humane
L'eccezione nel sistema del processo civile americano
No full textL’articolo si propone di affrontare la teorica e l’impatto dell’istituto dell’eccezione come principale difesa del convenuto nel quadro evolutivo del processo civile americano, evidenziando tratti comuni con la disciplina continentale e soprattutto italiana e palesando un ulteriore avvicinamento dei due sistemi giuridici sotto vari aspetti
Family CEO mentoring and post-CEO succession performance
Get PDFWhile extant research has studied extensively the consequences of chief executive officer (CEO) succession, we explore the concept of family CEO mentoring (from a departing family CEO to a younger family leader) as a potential driver of post-succession performance in family firms. Drawing on stewardship theory and using a data set of 1787 Italian firms experiencing a CEO succession over 14 years, we show that family CEO mentoring positively influences post-succession financial performance. We then argue and empirically confirm that the performance benefit of family CEO mentoring is enhanced by the presence of nonfamily members on the board but is dampened by industry turbulence. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for research on CEO mentoring, CEO succession, and family business performance
Strengthening Rights Of Rivers By Applying The Lessons Learned From The Merits And Weaknesses Of Traditional Legal Frameworks
No full textThe global water crisis has had drastic repurcussions upon humans and the environment. The traditional legal frameworks that have emerged to tackle with it have prioritized the water needs of humans and mandated the allocation of water to the environment only to the extent necessary for meeting the exigencies of humans. The anthropocentric nature of such frameworks has restricted the protection that can be extended to the environment that has not been considered as an entity with intrinsic value. As a result, a number of states granted rights to rivers as part of the broaders rights of nature movement in the early 21st century. This trend has been guided by an ecocentric ethical orientation whereby humans have equal moral value as all of the living and non-living beings. In addition, many scholars have aptly framed it as the extension of human rights to nature. That being said, traditional legal frameworks, including human rights, have never been used as a yardstick to evaluate the merits and failures of the portrayal of rivers as right holders.
Against this background, Chapter I presents the global water crisis as one of the gravest risks faced by the environment and humans and illustrates its causes and consequences. Chapter II studies the traditional legal frameworks that have emerged to ensure humans’ access to adequate water, namely water and environmental law as well as the rights to water, sanitation and environment. Chapter III demonstrates the extent to which the latter frameworks are anthropocentric. Chapter IV studies the rights of rivers as part of the broader rights of nature movement. Chapters V and VI focus on the enforcement of the traditional legal frameworks and rights of rivers. Lastly, Chapter VII tackles with a number of overarching themes with the purpose of applying the lessons learned from the development and implementation of the traditional legal frameworks to rights of rivers, namely the adoption of a binding instrument recognizing rights of nature and rivers modelled upon human rights treaties, evaluation of the rights of nature and rivers from the standpoint of theories formulated to prevent human rights inflation, the convergence of the business and human rights and rights of nature movement and assessment of bilateral investment treaties as obstacles against the effective enforcement of rights of rivers
Il capitale disuguale
No full textI numeri del rapporto Oxfam raccontano le storture del sistema economico globale in cui la ricchezza è in mano a pochi
