Archivio istituzionale della Ricerca - Bocconi
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Executive orders e ruolo presidenziale: la sfida di Trump alla separazione dei poteri
No full textThis article explores the unprecedented use of executive orders by President Trump during the early months of his second term, focusing on the constitutional and political implications of this practice. It examines the legal nature of executive orders within the framework of the U.S. separation of powers, highlighting their ambiguous normative status and the historical tensions they generate between the executive and legislative branches. By analyzing both the content and strategic function of the most relevant executive orders—particularly those affecting civil rights, immigration, education, and abortion—the article investigates how Trump seeks to consolidate presidential power and challenge congressional authority. Special attention is given to the weakening of judicial remedies, especially following the Supreme Court’s ruling in Trump v. CASA, which limited the scope of nationwide injunctions. The article ultimately reflects on the risks posed to democratic balance by an expansive interpretation of the unitary executive theory and the potential drift toward a “counter-constitution”
DeepSeek, or OpenAI Reloaded? An ‘Italian-Style Approach’ in Tackling Data Protection in Generative AI
No full textThe case note reports on the Italian Data Protection Authority's order imposing a temporary ban on the operation of the Deepseek service in Ital
No Private Ordering Please, We Are Italians!
No full textPrivate ordering enables investors to design firm-specific governance arrangements. Aided by specialized lawyers, sophisticated contracting parties can engage in complex private ordering exercises yielding agency cost-minimizing governance structures. Venture capital ("VC") contracting is a notable example. Through decades-long iterations, US VC contracts have emerged as the best real-world solutions to the challenges of financing high-tech firms, informing transactional practice globally.
Yet, the law, corporate law included, can hinder the “transplant” of US VC contracts. In a companion paper, we provide systematic evidence that German and Italian corporate laws literally crash contracting parties’ ambitions to transplant US VC contracts. Importantly, we spotlight that blackletter corporate law provisions are less often to blame for this outcome than (widely accepted) scholarly interpretations. Corporate law in action is thus ‘über-mandatory’.
This essay complements our previous research by asking how Italian legal culture can explain this character. We note that Italy’s internal legal culture grants legal professionals wide discretion on how to interpret the law and how they use it to complement blackletter law with a number of implicit rules and principles of a mandatory nature. External legal culture, in turn, explains legal professionals’ (and chief among them legal scholars’) inclination to build a ‘system’ of mandatory corporate law rules. To begin with, the long-standing predominance of banks’ role in corporate finance created demand for rigid corporate laws. Second, legal professionals’ inclination to extend mandatory corporate law is consistent with their self-interest as it increases demand for legal services and, hence, their rents. Third, few Italian legal scholars appear to trust markets and decentralized rulemaking as efficient and fair tools to allocate resources, consistently with the dominant political ideology. Lastly, Italian legal scholars aspiring to establish their academic reputation and advance their careers face stronger incentives to identify novel mandatory requirements that constrain private ordering – thereby demonstrating their mastery of the legal system – rather than to advocate for legal deference to existing private ordering solutions, which may be perceived as trite and unoriginal
Le determinanti del risultato economico
No full textIl capitolo analizza le scelte aziendali in merito alla struttura dei costi, illustra le scelte di dimensionamento della capacità produttiva e le conseguenti economie che si possono realizzare, nonché le caratteristiche e il comportamento dei costi fissi e variabili, per poi illustrare come, sulla base del comportamento di ricavi e costi operativi, sia possibile identificare il punto di pareggio, ovvero il livello minimo di fatturato
da raggiungere per coprire tutti i cost
Commento agli artt. 232-233 r.d. 16 marzo 1942, n. 267
No full textI. Profili generali e storia della disposizione - II. Richiesta di ammissione di crediti simulati: bene giuridico protetto - III. Soggetti attivi - IV. Fatto - V. Elemento soggettivo - VI. Consumazione e tentativo - VII. Circostanza attenuante - VIII. Rapporti con altri reati - IX. Distrazioni senza concorso con il fallito: bene giuridico protetto - X. Soggetti attivi - XI Ricettazione post-fallimentare (c. 2, n. 1): fatto - XII. Elemento soggettivo - XIII. Consumazione e tentativo - XIV. Rapporti con altri reati - XV. Ricettazione pre-fallimentare (c. 2, n. 2): fatto - XVI. Elemento soggettivo - XVII. Consumazione e tentativo - XVIII. Rapporti con altri reati - XIX. Circostanza aggravante - XX. Trattamento sanzionatorio e riflessi processuali - XXI. Fattispecie del cod. c.i.i. e prospettive di riforma; I. Storia della disposizione - II. Bene giuridico tutelato - III. Soggetti attivi - IV. Fatto - V. Elemento soggettivo - VI. Consumazione e tentativo - VII. Rapporti con altri reati - VIII. Trattamento sanzionatorio e riflessi processuali - IX. Confisca - X. Fattispecie del cod. c.i.i. e prospettive di riform
Clausola penale e risarcimento del danno: aspetti problematici
No full textIl presente scritto esamina alcuni orientamenti giurisprudenziali della Corte di Cassazione relativi a significative questioni applicative connesse all’applicazione clausola penale. In particolare, affronta il problema dell’ammissibilita` di una clausola i cui effetti non sono collegati a un inadempimento imputabile; della facolta` del creditore di risolvere il contratto e chiedere il risarcimento del danno secondo le regole legali in presenza di una clausola penale; dell’ambito applicativo del divieto di cumulo di cui all’art. 1383 c.c. e, infine, del parametro di riferimento per la riduzione giudiziale dell’ammontare della penale ai sensi dell’art. 1384 c.c
Blockading Britain and Germany during World War I: preparations, conduct, and consequences of economic warfare
No full textEconomic warfare was employed as a complement to military action during World War I by both the Allies and the Central Powers. Britain tried to starve Germany through surface blockade while Germany tried to starve Britain through submarine blockade. Outcomes were very different from what many commentators had predicted before 1914. Germany protected its agriculture and produced the bulk of its consumption. Britain, by contrast, allowed free trade in agricultural goods, and produced just one third of its requirements, leaving itself highly dependent on seaborne imports. In theory, then, Germany should not have suffered greatly from blockade, while Britain should have succumbed quickly to famine. And yet, Britain managed to feed its population adequately throughout the war, while Germans suffered grievously. In this chapter, we adopt a framework of preparations, conduct, and consequences to understand these outcomes
Il contratto di assicurazione
No full textIl volume è rivolto a tutti coloro (professionisti, operatori addetti alle imprese di assicurazione e studenti universitari) che intendono approfondire i profili civilistici del contratto di assicurazione in ogni suo particolare aspetto, in quanto illustra con rigore, chiarezza e completezza, sia pure in sintesi, la normativa in tema di contratto di assicurazione contenuta nel Codice civile, nel Codice delle Assicurazioni Private e nei provvedimenti dell’Autorità di vigilanza, come interpretata dalla dottrina e come applicata in giurisprudenza (presa in considerazione in tutto il suo sviluppo, dalle sentenze “storiche” fino alle ultime pronunce del primo semestre del 2025)
L’ambiente come bene in senso giuridico. La prospettiva di diritto amministrativo
No full textIl lavoro affronta il tema della definizione giuridica di ambiente