Archivio istituzionale della Ricerca - Bocconi
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Monetary flows for inter-regional health mobility: the case of Italy
Get PDFThis study investigates the dynamics of healthcare mobility in Italy, where citizens have the freedom to access medical treatment across regions. More than half a million patients, primarily from the Southern regions, engage in healthcare mobility, resulting in a total inter-regional transfer of resources amounting to about €3.7 billion in 2019. Leveraging a unique dataset spanning from 2002 to 2019, this research examines financial flows among regions using a network analysis, and identifies the factors influencing monetary flows through a gravity model. Socioeconomic disparities and the availability of specialized services in some regions are the key drivers. Regions with higher healthcare quality and the presence of private licensed hospitals attract more funds. This study offers valuable insights into the intricacies of interregional monetary flows, and finds further evidence of the persistent Italian territorial dualism, which can inform healthcare policy and promote regional equity considerations
Kelsenian Originalism in Europe
No full textThis Article challenges the prevailing view that originalism is a uniquely American phenomenon, unlikely to gain traction elsewhere. By uncovering emerging originalist trends in Europe, it offers new insights into the conditions under which originalism develops and proposes how its underlying ideas can be effectively harnessed by legal thinkers. Traditionally, post-World War II Europe favored a functional approach to legal integration, driven by courts and judges reshaping the legal order. However, recent institutional clashes and legal conflicts have spurred interest in originalism, particularly as a means of safeguarding the Constitution from external political pressures—a trend that resonates with renewed European efforts to maintain fidelity to the political will enshrined in constitutional texts. This Article thus explores the rising European interest in originalism through the lens of Hans Kelsen’s legal positivism. Despite differences, it argues that originalism rekindles Kelsen’s concerns, underscoring their shared emphasis on the role of constitutional law in contemporary democracies. By drawing parallels between Kelsen’s theories and originalism, this Article identifies cross-cultural issues inherent to constitutionalism, suggesting that both European and American originalism are driven by a common desire to preserve the Constitution from political encroachment. Ultimately, this analysis challenges the notion that originalism is necessarily an insular American concept and highlights its significance within the field of comparative constitutionalism
Sulla presidenza Biden
No full textL’articolo analizza brevemente gli aspetti caratterizzanti i quattro anni di presidenza di Joe Biden, presidente statunitense uscente, il quale al pari dei predecessori è ricordato per almeno un episodio che ne ha contraddistinto gli anni di governo. Nel complesso panorama internazionale, complice la pandemia ed a fronte di una profonda crisi di valori e di ideali occidentali, un ruolo principale è assunto dalle guerre in Ucraina e Medio Oriente. Sul fronte interno, rileva la forte polarizzazione istituzionale e popolare: da un lato, emblematica è la riduzione dei voti necessari per la ratifica presidenziale della nomina dei Giudici della corte Suprema; dall’altro, si ripropone l’annosa divisione rispetto all’utilizzo delle armi, all’interruzione volontaria e, da ultimo, rispetto all’immigrazione
Contributions to dependent processes in Bayesian nonparametrics
Get PDFRandom measures represent the fundamental building blocks for defining flexible priors in Bayesian nonparametric models. Over the last three decades, there has been a widespread diffusion of proposals aimed at introducing dependence among different random measures, in order to properly account for various forms of heterogeneity in the observations while preserving the possibility to borrow information across them.
The first part of the thesis focuses on vectors of dependent random measures defined through hierarchical structures, arguably the most natural and popular strategy to specify nonparametric priors for partially exchangeable data. These prior processes induce a random nested partition structure on the observations, which is usually taken into account by introducing additional latent variables. In this work, we propose a unified approach to hierarchies of random measures, in which such latent variables are directly inserted into the generative model for the data; within this framework, we identify a common structure shared by different hierarchical constructions proposed in the literature, and highlight a key identity which plays a prominent role in the derivation of quantities of interest. Furthermore, we consider hierarchical completely random measures as mixing measures to define dependent mixture hazard rates, which are in turn employed in the context of survival analysis to model competing risks data. We derive analytical results for Bayesian inference and prediction, as well as efficient posterior sampling algorithms; the effectiveness of our proposal is tested on simulated and clinical datasets.
The second part of the thesis contributes to the Bayesian nonparametric regression framework, by introducing a collection of dependent random probability measures indexed by covariates, which enter the model specification through a multiplicative kernel structure. This construction induces a predictor-dependent random partition model, characterized by great flexibility and inherent consistency for new observations, while retaining some analytical tractability. A noteworthy example arises when the distribution of such random measures is a transformation of the distribution of a stable process; moreover, the structure of the posterior distribution implied by such specification suggests the introduction of a novel nonhomogeneous process, which extends the two-parameter Poisson-Dirichlet process and acts as quasi-conjugate prior for our proposal. In the last chapter, we further develop this novel nonparametric process in the exchangeable setting, and characterize its prior-posterior updating mechanism, as well as its predictive structure
Surrogate endpoints in randomised trials of physiotherapy interventions: the SPIRIT and CONSORT extension checklists for better reporting
Get PDFSurrogate endpoints in randomised trials of physiotherapy interventions: the SPIRIT and CONSORT extension checklists for better reportin
CEO succession and patenting in family firms
No full textMuch research has examined whether family firms led by family or professional CEOs differ in terms of financial performance. Yet, whether family CEOs promote or hinder innovation remains an open question. Given the importance of innovation as well as the ubiquity of family enterprises, this is a major gap. In this study, we focus on a large sample of Danish firms and examine the patenting performance (in terms of patent counts and citations) of these firms. We exploit the gender of departing CEOs’ first-born children to yield exogenous variations in the decision to appoint a family or professional CEO. Our difference-in-differences results indicate that appointing a family CEO leads to an increase in patent counts and citations relative to appointing a professional CEO. These effects are driven by incoming family CEOs who hold a university degree in engineering and, to a lesser extent, business. Appointing a family CEO also leads to fewer job terminations, which suggests that the increase in patenting might stem from higher job stability and tolerance for failure among employees. Our study has implications for the growing literature on the management of family firms and, more broadly, for strategy research on CEO succession
Influencer Marketing Unlocked: Understanding the Value Chains Driving the Creator Economy
Get PDFAs influencer marketing evolves into a dominant force in the marketing landscape, it necessitates a deeper theoretical exploration to understand its strategic implementations and impacts. This article examines the dynamics of influencer marketing within the growing creator economy, emphasizing the interactions among firms, influencers, followers, and digital platforms. We introduce a novel, equity-driven framework that analyzes how influencers contribute to customer equity, how influencers manage and leverage the value from their followers, and how platforms maximize the value from their users. We detail the complex relationships and value exchanges within the influencer marketing ecosystem, highlighting the challenges of measuring the return on investment and influencers’ strategic use of content to maintain authenticity and influence. By synthesizing diverse academic literature and current industry practices, this manuscript provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms of value creation and exchange in influencer marketing, offers strategic implications for marketers aiming to optimize their influencer engagements, and outlines future work in the form of the eleven “INFLUENCERS” research directions
L’altra faccia degli executive orders di Trump: la “guerra ai dati” e i rischi per le future emergenze
No full textL’articolo prende spunto dai recenti executive orders firmati all’inaugurazione della seconda presidenza di Donald Trump e pone l’attenzione sull’attacco ai dati governativi e alla ricerca scientifica che ne è derivato. Dopo aver ricostruito la natura giuridica degli executive orders nel sistema costituzionale statunitense, lo scritto analizza le varie declinazioni assunte dalla “guerra ai dati” e le successive evoluzioni giudiziarie che hanno in parte neutralizzato le decisioni dell’amministrazione Trump. In ultimo, il contributo riflette sulla portata di tali misure non solo sulla libertà della ricerca scientifica ma anche sulla capacità degli Stati Uniti di affrontare future emergenze di natura sanitaria, climatica ed economica qualora tali dati non fossero più pienamente accessibili
A cross‐lagged analysis of the relationship between quality of life and kidney function in CKD patients
No full textBackground: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) significantly impacts patient well-being, with declining glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) often leading to worsening quality of life (QoL). However, the directionality of the eGFR–QoL relationship remains unclear due to limitations of prior cross-sectional
and longitudinal studies.
Methods: This study applied cross-lagged analysis to investigate the reciprocal
relationship between eGFR and QoL (measured using SF-36 Physical and Mental Component Scores [PCS and MCS]) over 36 months in 422 CKD patients recruited from nephrology units in Southern Italy. Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) models tested two hypotheses: (1) PCS as a determinant of MCS, or vice versa; and (2) eGFR as a determinant of MCS/PCS, or vice versa.
Results: Cross-lagged analysis confirmed that lower eGFR significantly predicted declines in both PCS and MCS in subsequent visits (p < .05). At the same time, the reverse relationship (QoL affecting eGFR) was not statistically significant. Multivariable models, adjusting for potential confounders including demographic factors, comorbidities, and socioeconomic status, confirmed these findings.
Conclusion: Kidney function decline leads to worsening QoL, whereas
deterioration in QoL does not impact eGFR decline. These findings support
prioritising interventions that slow the progression of CKD as a means to
preserve quality of life. This study highlights the utility of cross-lagged
analysis in nephrology research and underscores the importance of early chronic kidney disease (CKD) management to maintain patient well-being