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Perceptions of Digital Health Information Sources and their Influence on Vaccine Confidence Among Parents of Infants in Ireland
Get PDFIntroduction: Parents are increasingly turning to digital media for vaccine information, but platforms vary in credibility and emotional tone. This study aimed to evaluate how digital media influences vaccine confidence in Ireland. The study objectives were to: (1) assess parental perceptions of digital health information sources and their impact on vaccine confidence using a Likert-scale questionnaire; (2) identify commonly used digital platforms and evaluate their perceived trustworthiness and influence; (3) explore perceived risks and concerns related to online vaccine information; and (4) determine how these findings can inform pharmaceutical companies' digital communication strategies Methods: This study involved a cross-sectional online survey of parents or caregivers of children aged 0–5 years in Ireland (N = 104). Items were rated on a 3-point Likert scale (Agree = 1, Neutral = 2, Disagree = 3). Analysis included: descriptive statistics; Spearman's rank correlations for ordinal data; χ²/fisher’s exact tests for associations; McNemar’s tests to compare platform use and trust levels; Kruskal– Wallis tests for education versus digital literacy. Significance level set at α = 0.05 Results: The analysis showed that official health websites (HSE/NHS) were the most used (92/102, 90.2%) and the most trusted (88/105, 83.8%). Google Search was widely used (50/102, 49%) but infrequently trusted (7/105, 66.9%); McNemar's test confirmed a significant gap between usage and trust (p < 0.001). Notable correlations included: use of official digital sources with reading vaccine stories (ρ = 0.273, p = 0.005) and perceiving that some online content benefits pharmaceutical companies (ρ = 0.222, p = 0.024); use of unofficial digital sources with reporting a decision not to vaccinate (ρ = -0.197, p = 0.045); exposure to opposing views with reporting that online information influenced vaccination decisions (ρ = 0.259, p = 0.009); perceptions that stories impact confidence with online information shaping decisions (ρ = 0.258, p = 0.009). Trust in official sites was linked to fewer reports of opting out of vaccination (χ²(1) = 15.75, p = 0.002), while trust in social media was associated with more refusals (Fisher p = 0.005). Education level was not significantly associated with digital literacy (H(3) = 6.85, p = 0.077). Conclusions & Recommendations: Irish parents distinguish clearly between digital sources, favoring official platforms and distrusting unofficial ones. Narrative content (opposing views and emotive stories) correlates with lower vaccine confidence, whereas trust in official sites aligns with higher confidence. The findings suggest that pairing credible information with emotionally engaging narratives and improving the visibility of official content online could enhance vaccination confidence, ultimately increasing vaccine uptake. It is recommended that pharmaceutical companies act as key communicators, supported by healthcare providers as the primary source of vaccine information
Listen and Learn; How Irish Radio Has Represented Irish Female Artists. A Narrative Podcast Episode that Delves into the Systemic Treatment from Irish Radio Towards Irish Female Artists.
Get PDFI intend to convey the frustration and personal, lived experiences of working women in the
industry. From journalists, to radio hosts, to musicians, the podcast is diverse in a way that it
tells the story from multiple points of view.
Digging deeper from this surface level issue of radio play, it transports listeners who may not
even listen to radio, to a point where the exposure of this systemic issue is uncovered with the
help of female voices. The podcast is accessible to any listener with a knowledge of music or
Irish society, and for those keen to learn more.
A podcast format breaches formality and censorship, allowing for raw and honest discussions,
one on one, between a woman entering the industry and a woman who has personal
experiences that they are willing to share.
The Why Not Her? Initiative set up by Linda Coogan Byrne is a constant reference throughout
this journey. With the continued intervention of Linda and her team, the Irish public will no longer
be able to simultaneously ignore women in musi
Doctors' Perspectives On The Effectiveness Of Telemedicine Consultations In Managing Patients With Chronic Conditions In Kerala
Get PDFThis dissertation investigates Kerala physicians' opinions regarding the use of telemedicine in the treatment of chronic illnesses. The growing significance of digital healthcare delivery, especially in situations where continuity of care and accessibility are critical, served as the impetus for the study.
Introduction: The research background, justification, goals, and questions were presented, establishing telemedicine as a game-changing instrument in India's healthcare system. The study was framed using the Technology Acceptance Model, which emphasises perceived utility and ease of use in driving adoption, and it described the issue of limited access to consistent chronic disease care.
Literature Review: A review of the literature based on both domestic and international data was provided in the study. It looked at patient outcomes, adoption barriers, the efficacy of telemedicine in chronic care, and pertinent theoretical frameworks. The study was justified by identifying gaps, especially the need for context-specific evidence on doctors' perspectives in India.
Methodology: This chapter described philosophy, design, data collection and analysis in detail. Senior specialists in Kerala participated in qualitative interviews and quantitative survey data as part of a mixed-methods approach. In order to ensure rigour, reliability, and ethical compliance, sampling, data collection methods, and analytical techniques, such as thematic analysis and statistics analysis using graphics like pie charts, were described.
Results and discussion: Physicians believed that telemedicine was useful for facilitating ongoing monitoring, decreasing hospital stays, and increasing treatment adherence. However, its potential was constrained by issues like inadequate internet connectivity, a lack of integrated diagnostic support, and digital illiteracy. These findings were discussed in light of previous research and theoretical understandings, reaffirming the significance of perceived utility, usability, and supportive infrastructure in the adoption of telemedicine.
Conclusion: This chapter concluded the study, summarising findings, acknowledging limitations, and offering practical and academic recommendations. It suggested strategies including structured training, digital literacy initiatives, infrastructural integration, and theory-based future research. The reflection underscored the importance of evidencebased approaches in guiding telemedicine practices and policy
Evaluating the Role of Process Analytical Technology (PAT) in Enhancing Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Efficiency in India
Get PDFThis study investigates the impact of Process Analytical Technology (PAT) on manufacturing efficiency, product quality, regulatory compliance, and cost-effectiveness in the Indian pharmaceutical industry. PAT, an advanced technology framework introduced by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), enables real-time monitoring and control of critical process parameters during pharmaceutical production. The research aims to assess the key drivers and barriers to PAT adoption, evaluate its influence on operational performance, and propose strategic recommendations to enhance its wider implementation. A quantitative research methodology was employed, collecting data through surveys from 182 pharmaceutical industry professionals, including production managers, quality assurance personnel, and regulatory compliance officers. These professionals were selected based on their direct involvement in PAT implementation. The data were analyzed using statistical tools such as SPSS, Microsoft Excel, and Tableau, which provided insights into the effectiveness of PAT in improving manufacturing outcomes The results revealed that PAT adoption positively impacts product quality, operational efficiency, and regulatory compliance, with many organizations reporting reduced batch failures, improved product consistency, and enhanced real-time monitoring of manufacturing processes. However, the study also identified significant barriers to PAT adoption. High initial investment costs, a shortage of skilled workforce, and complex regulatory requirements were found to hinder widespread implementation. Based on these findings, the study recommends addressing these challenges by providing financial incentives, improving workforce training, and offering regulatory support to facilitate smoother integration of PAT. Furthermore, the research emphasizes the importance of exploring the long-term impact of PAT on manufacturing efficiency and the potential role of external collaborations in overcoming the barriers to adoption. This research provides valuable insights for industry stakeholders and policymakers, highlighting the importance of PAT in optimizing pharmaceutical manufacturing processes in India. It contributes to a better understanding of how PAT can enhance manufacturing viii efficiency while ensuring regulatory compliance, ultimately fostering industry growth and competitiveness in the global pharmaceutical market
Assessing the Efficacy of Process Analytical Technology (Pat) in Detecting Out-of-Specification (Oos) Results During Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Get PDFIn this study, it was shown that Process Analytical Technology (PAT) is an effective tool in improving product quality and reducing Out-of-Specification (OOS) results during pharmaceutical manufacturing in India. The research aimed to evaluate the adoption and challenges of PAT, with a focus on its role in detecting Out of Specification results, process deviations and monitoring Critical Quality Attributes (CQAs) in real-time. A survey of 123 experienced professionals from various sectors of the Indian pharmaceutical industry was conducted and Quantitatively analysed to assess the effectiveness, barriers, and opportunities for PAT implementation. The results revealed the PAT’s ability to detect OOS results and improve process control compared to conventional methods. PAT also helped to identify CQAs accurately, thus allowing early interventions and minimizing potential product recalls. Despite the overwhelming recognition of PAT’s benefits, several challenges were identified that impede its full adoption. These includes Technical Barriers, Resource related barriers, Regulatory Challenges as well as Organisational Barriers The study concludes that while PAT is highly regarded for its ability to enhance product quality and manufacturing efficiency by the real time monitoring of OOS results and process deviations, its widespread adoption in the Indian pharmaceutical industry is hindered by technical, financial, regulatory, and organizational challenges. To address these issues, the study recommends the implementation of regular and up to date training programs, development of cross-functional PAT teams, and stronger engagement with regulatory bodies to simplify approval processes. The findings also suggest that academic institutions should incorporate PAT into curricula to build a skilled workforce capable of supporting its integration into industry practices. These findings provide valuable insights for industry practitioners, policymakers, and educators aiming to foster more effective use of PAT in pharmaceutical manufacturing, ultimately contributing to improved operational excellence and product quality in the sector
Adoption and Manufacturing of Biosimilars for Autoimmune Diseases in Jordan and the Middle East: Key Barriers, Opportunities, and Global Collaboration Models
Get PDFBiologic medicines have transformed the treatment of autoimmune and chronic diseases, but their development is highly complex, time-consuming, and costly. Biosimilars, offering
comparable safety and efficacy at lower cost, provide an important opportunity to expand patient access, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
This study examines the barriers and opportunities for biosimilar adoption and manufacturing in Jordan and the wider Middle East, with a focus on autoimmune diseases. A mixed-methods
approach was applied, combining survey data from 87 pharmaceutical, healthcare, and regulatory professionals with seven expert interviews. Analysis centred on four domains:
regulation, manufacturing, market readiness, and international collaboration, benchmarked against global models.
Results indicate that although Jordan has had biosimilar guidelines aligned with EMA and WHO standards since 2015, practical implementation remains limited. Local firms are mainly
engaged in final product operations and analytical testing, with no upstream capacity. Key challenges include high entry costs, a shortage of specialised expertise, limited physician
confidence, pricing pressures, and low public awareness. The study concludes that Jordan’s biosimilar sector is still at an early stage. Progress requires
phased development, beginning with stronger regulatory practice and fill-finish partnerships, and moving towards upstream capability through education, targeted training, and
collaboration between academia, industry, and international suppliers. Such a framework could position Jordan as a credible regional contributor to biosimilar development
Regulatory Frameworks for Obtaining and Renewing Marketing Authorisations of Generic Paracetamol 500 mg Tablets Imported from the United States: A Comparative Analysis of HPRA (Ireland) and AGEMED (Bolivia) in 2024, Using Paracetamol as an Illustrative Example.
Get PDFThis study compared how two national agencies, HPRA in Ireland and AGEMED in Bolivia, approve and renew the marketing authorisations of generic paracetamol 500 mg tablets imported from the United States. The research aimed to identify the main differences in legal requirements, timelines, safety measures, and documentation, in order to recommend ways to improve regulatory efficiency and public access to quality medicines in Bolivia. A mixed-methods approach was used. First, legal and regulatory documents were reviewed. Then, an online survey was conducted with pharmaceutical professionals in Bolivia to collect both quantitative data (such as timelines) and qualitative insights (such as personal experiences and challenges). The focus was on real-life practices, especially for the approval and renewal processes. The results showed that Ireland’s regulatory process is more structured, digital, and aligned with international standards. HPRA requires bioequivalence studies, digital submissions, and ongoing safety monitoring. In contrast, AGEMED in Bolivia uses paper-based systems, does not require bioequivalence for generics, and often has slower timelines due to manual procedures. Survey participants highlighted delays, lack of clarity, and the need for system updates. In conclusion, the study found that Bolivia could improve its regulatory framework by adopting digital tools, requiring bioequivalence studies for generic medicines, and updating outdated legal guidelines. These changes could help make the approval process faster, safer, and more transparent. By learning from Ireland’s experience, Bolivia has the opportunity to modernise its system and improve public health outcomes
Enhancing Patient Safety through Error Reduction in Pharmaceutical Dispensing Practices in South Dublin
Get PDFThis dissertation investigates how patient safety can be improved by reducing dispensing errors in community pharmacies in South Dublin. Dispensing errors represent a critical risk in the pharmaceutical care process, with the potential to cause anything from minor health issues to lifethreatening consequences. The study is guided by three core research questions focused on identifying the most common types of dispensing errors, understanding their underlying causes, evaluating the effectiveness of existing safety strategies and proposing targeted interventions to improve accuracy and patient safety in pharmacy practice. A qualitative research design, grounded in an interpretivist philosophy, was adopted to explore the perspectives of pharmacy staff regarding dispensing errors and safety practices. Primary data were collected using semi-structured interviews, distributed via Google Forms, allowing participants to respond in a flexible and self-paced manner. Convenience sampling was used to select pharmacists and pharmacy technicians with at least one year of dispensing experience from three community pharmacies in South Dublin. Data were analysed using Braun and Clarke’s six-step thematic analysis framework. Ethical approval was obtained from Griffith College, and ethical standards were upheld through informed consent, anonymity, and secure data handling. The findings revealed that dispensing errors were often linked to human fatigue, workplace distractions, inadequate training, and underuse of available technologies. Although safety measures like Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), barcode scanning, and double-checking systems were present, inconsistent implementation reduced their effectiveness. The study recommends improving staff training, fostering stronger use of digital tools, and reinforcing procedural compliance to enhance dispensing accuracy. These evidence-based insights can support pharmacy managers, healthcare policymakers, and practitioners in developing safer, more reliable community pharmacy environment
Love... in Translation
Get PDFThis dissertation investigates the intricate dynamics of intercultural relationships specifically within immigrant communities, moving beyond a general understanding to focus on the unique contexts and challenges faced by these populations. The primary objective is to examine how cultural differences manifest in interpersonal relationships, and to explore the specific challenges and rewards inherent in navigating multicultural relationships for immigrants.
This research will delve into key factors influencing the formation and maintenance of these relationships, including an analysis of personal challenges such as xenophobia, social challenges, and the significant undertaking of moving to a foreign country. By focusing on these specific experiences, the study aims to illuminate the multifaceted impact of intercultural relationships on both individual well-being and the broader immigrant community.
The research will specifically explore how these experiences shape their understanding of identity and belonging, providing a framework for understanding the complexities of intercultural interactions within immigrant contexts. Participants will be encouraged to share openly about the challenges and rewards of navigating different cultural norms, including personal anecdotes about cultural faux pas or moments of pride in their heritage. Furthermore, the study will explore the nuances of cultural exchange, emphasizing the importance of consent and strategies to avoid cultural appropriation.
Ultimately, this dissertation seeks to contribute a nuanced and context-specific understanding of intercultural relationships within immigrant communities. The findings are expected to inform support systems for immigrants, enhance cultural competency programs, and foster a more inclusive societal understanding of the unique experiences of intercultural couples within diverse immigrant populations. This work aims to provide a platform for unheard voices, challenging existing narratives and promoting a deeper appreciation for the resilience and adaptability demonstrated by immigrants in navigating the complexities of love across cultures
The Representation of African and Afro-Irish Players in the Media Coverage of Irish Football: A Study of the League of Ireland
No full textAfrican and Afro-Irish players have become an increasingly visible presence in Irish football over the past two decades, reflecting the growing diversity of Irish society. The media plays a significant role in shaping how these athletes are perceived by the public, acting as a key site for the construction of narratives around race, identity, and belonging. In Ireland, football coverage across digital and traditional outlets often serves as a lens through which broader social dynamics are reinforced or challenged.
This dissertation investigates how African and Afro-Irish footballers are represented in Irish sports media, with a focus on the League of Ireland. It addresses four key research questions: how these players are portrayed; what stereotypes or narrative tropes are most common; how fans perceive and internalize these portrayals; and how media framing affects public discourse on national identity.
A mixed-methods approach was adopted. A survey of over 100 football fans was used to gather data on public perceptions of media representation. In addition, a content analysis of Five articles from The42.ie was conducted to assess dominant frames and descriptors used by Irish sports journalists