Vilnius University Institutional Repository
Not a member yet
51864 research outputs found
Sort by
Obligacijų rinką įtakojančių veiksnių vertinimas.
No full textThis research aims to identify the key factors influencing the bond market and, after creating a suitable methodology, assess their impact on market dynamics and investor behavior. The analysis reveals how interest rates, inflation, credit ratings, and geopolitical events affect bond prices, yields, and liquidity. To evaluate the influence of these factors, parameters such as Duration and Modified Duration were calculated, correlation and regression analyses were performed, yield spread differences for various credit ratings were examined, and bid-ask spread differences were assessed. The results indicate that long-term bonds are more sensitive to interest rate changes, while short-term bonds demonstrate more excellent stability. Inflation volatility predominantly impacted the yields of short-term bonds, whereas changes in credit ratings amplified yield spreads and heightened the liquidity risk of lower-rated bonds. Geopolitical events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia's invasion of Ukraine, significantly increased bond market volatility and reduced liquidity. The study also uncovered variations in green bond yields during geopolitical crises. In conclusion, analyzing bond market factors is essential for effective risk management and investment planning. This research's findings contribute to the academic knowledge of the bond market and offer practical insights for investors and market participants
Portfelio efektyvumo didinimas: lėšų atskyrimas Markowitzo optimizavimo modeliuose.
No full textThis study investigates the application of the Markowitz Portfolio Optimization Theory, which revolutionized the field of modern finance by introducing a quantitative approach to portfolio construction. The theory emphasizes the importance of diversification to achieve the optimal portfolio trade-off between risk and return. Key concepts such as the efficient frontier, risk-return trade-off, and portfolio optimization are discussed in detail, providing a comprehensive understanding of how investors can minimize risk while maximizing returns. The report also delves into the Mutual Fund Separation Theorem, which simplifies portfolio construction by demonstrating that any efficient portfolio can be represented as a linear combination of other efficient portfolios. This theorem offers practical implications, such as reducing complexity and transaction costs for investors. By integrating these principles, the study highlights how Markowitz's theory remains a cornerstone of portfolio management, enabling investors to construct efficient and resilient portfolios that align with their financial goals and risk tolerance
Different periods’ international trade analysis using the gravity model.
No full textThe main purpose of this master thesis is to investigate the effects of economic size and trade costs on international trade over different periods, based on the gravity model. The work consists of three main parts: the analysis of literature, the research and its results, conclusion and recommendations. The literature review examines the construction of the gravity model, its evolution, and the work of other researchers. It was revealed that the first intuitive gravity model was based on Newton’s theory of gravity, which states that bilateral trade is positively influenced by the GDP of the exporter and importer and negatively affected by the distance between them. Researchers later sought to adapt this model to trade theory, eventually developing a universal structural gravity model suitable for empirical research. This model incorporates other factors affecting trade costs, such as shared borders, regional agreements, and others, instead of merely the distance between countries. Scholars use the model to study the trade potential of individual countries as well as bilateral trade between specific groups of countries, such as the OECD or the EU. Additionally, the gravity model can be applied not only to the overall analysis of countries’ exports and imports but also to the examination of international trade in specific sectors or product groups. It is also an effective tool for analyzing the impact of short-term shocks on foreign trade. During the research, intuitive, structural, fixed-effects, and Poisson pseudo-gravity models were constructed for both cross-sectional and panel data. The analysis revealed that statistically significant results can be obtained using both intuitive and structural gravity models, and no multicollinearity issues exist. However, it cannot be concluded that the obtained estimates are efficient, as all models exhibit heteroskedasticity. Therefore, based on literature recommendations, the analysis transitioned from the ordinary least squares (OLS) method to the Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood (PPML) method. After constructing the Poisson pseudo fixed-effects gravity model, the previously obtained estimates changed slightly but did not alter the conclusions: the distance between countries, whether the countries are neighbours, whether they share a common language, colonial ties, or have had colonial relationships, and the existence of trade agreements all influence bilateral trade between countries. Nevertheless, the Poisson pseudo gravity model provides contrasting insights compared to the fixed-effects model evaluated using OLS. According to the PPML model, the impact of colonial ties on trade becomes increasingly significant over time, whereas the influence of regional agreements on international trade diminishes. The conclusions and recommendations synthesize the findings from the literature review and empirical analysis, providing guidance for future research and policy measures
Tarptautinės darbo patirties įtaka karjeros sėkmei.
No full textImpact of International Work Experience on Career Success This thesis explores the relationship between international work experience and career success, focusing on how global exposure contributes to skill enhancement, cross-cultural competencies, and leadership development. Utilizing quantitative research methods, the study examines the long-term effects of international work experience on both subjective and objective career outcomes, including job satisfaction, professional recognition, and career advancement. The findings reveal that international work experience fosters a global mindset, cultural adaptability, and broader professional networks, which positively impact career trajectories. The research also highlights the role of organizational support and individual characteristics, such as adaptability and initiative, in maximizing the benefits of global exposure. This study provides practical recommendations for leveraging international work experience to enhance both individual and organizational success in a globalized world
Atleidimo nuo tarptautinio dvigubo apmokestinimo metodai.
No full textThis Master`s thesis provides an investigation and comparison between different methods of elimination of international juridical double taxation with analyses of the most and least effective ones. The question of the double taxation phenomenon as a legal problem is raised in legal and economic regards with its distinguishing characteristics. The elements and principles of taxation are discovered. There is a focus on the conventional methods, mentioned in OECD and UN Models and its` main ideas
The impact of internal branding on employee commitment to organisation through the mediation of internal employer brand and the moderation of person-organisation fit.
No full textThe thesis consists of 103 pages, 26 tables, 8 figures and 120 references. The aim of the Master's thesis is to theoretically and empirically justify the implications of internal branding for employee commitment to the organisation, mediating internal employer brand and moderating person-organisation fit. The thesis consists of 4 parts: literature review, empirical research methodology, research analysis and summary of the results, and conclusions and suggestions. The literature review analysed the theoretical aspects of internal employer brand, internal branding, person-organisation fit and commitment to the organisation, as well as the possible relationships between the variables. The study was conducted in two phases. The following part of the paper presents the main conceptual and adapted research models, presents the hypotheses and their justification, and describes the methodology of the quantitative research. The study analysed the responses of 397 respondents. The reliability of the constructs was tested with Cronbach's Alpha coefficients. The analysis of the results of the study included descriptive statistics and statistical evaluation of the data, regression analysis of the relationships between the variables and moderated mediation of the main model have been analysed using SPSS software. Regression and mediation analyses of the adapted research model have been analysed using SMART PLS software. The main relationships found indicate that there is a very strong relationship between internal branding and internal employer brand, and that internal employer brand mediates the relationship between internal branding and emotional commitment. No moderation effect was found. The paper concludes with conclusions and, based on them, proposes recommendations. Due to the high correlation between the constructs of internal branding and internal employer brand, and the strong relationship found between these variables, it is worthwhile to further develop the research and to gain further knowledge about the relationships between the constructs and the reasons for the relationships found, as well as the possible implications for the internal employer brand and the impact of this statistical relationship on employees’ organizational commitment
The impact of employee motivational tools on employee’s performance through mediation of the level of motivational state and moderating the degree of emotional exhaustion.
No full text122 pages, 40 tables, 6 figures, 171 references. The primary aim of this master thesis is to determine the impact of motivational tools on employee performance, the mediating effect of motivational state on this relationship and the moderating effect of emotional exhaustion. In the first part the author analyses and compares theoretical aspects, research results, and insights from various authors regarding motivational tools, the motivation process, motivational state, work performance and emotional exhaustion. The author also defines and discusses the concepts, classifications, and dimensions of the variables being examined. Factors influencing motivational state, employee work performance and emotional exhaustion are identified. The author constructs a possible model of motivational tools affecting motivational state and work performance. Additionally, the author reviews studies by other authors that examine the variables involved in the study, establishing links between motivational tools, motivational state, emotional exhaustion, and employee work performance. In the second part the author outlines the objectives of the empirical research, the research tasks, the hypotheses tested and the detailed research model used for statistical analysis. The part describes the measurable constructs with their statements, the selection of study respondents, the sampling method, data collection methods, research limitations, data analysis techniques, and database management. The research aimed to assess the impact of motivational tools on employee work performance, mediated by the level of motivational state and moderated by the degree of emotional exhaustion. The author conducted a quantitative study with 369 Lithuanian and 364 Norwegian employees, with statistical data analysis performed using SPSS software. The third part evaluates the reliability of the measured constructs, performs statistical analysis on the research data, and presents demographic data, descriptive statistics, and distribution tests. The author creates regression models and analyses the direct relationships between motivational tools, motivational state, employee work performance and emotional exhaustion. Based on the detailed research model, mediation and moderation analyses are conducted. Based on the research results, the author found that not all motivational tools are effective, and their direct impact on employee work performance is not as strong as expected. Additionally, the study showed that internal, external material and external social motivational measures explained 34.7% of the motivational state in Lithuania and 22.5% in Norway, with each measure having a different impact on the motivational state. The author also found that the motivational state has a weak direct effect on work performance, indicating that motivational state is not the main factor influencing work performance. In Lithuania, the motivational state fully mediates the effect of external material and social motivational measures on task performance, organisational citizenship behavior, and innovative behavior, whereas the effect of internal motivational tools is partially mediated - only for organizational citizenship behavior and innovative behavior. In Norway, the motivational state plays a smaller mediating role. Emotional exhaustion is identified as an important moderating factor in Lithuania, but its impact is smaller in Norway. At the end of the third part, the author presents the results and discussion of the empirical research. The thesis concludes with findings, recommendations, references, and appendices. The author hopes that the results, though modest, will fill gaps in existing research in the scientific literature and provide useful insights for organisational leaders and HR professionals on the importance and nuances of applying motivational tools and assessing motivational state in employee work performance, especially in the context of emotional exhaustion
The impact of workplace stressors on employees' subjective well-being: moderating the role of mindfulness.
No full text89 pages, 60 tables, 13 figures, 93 literature sources The aim of the final work is to determine the influence that employees' awareness has on the relationship between stress at work and stress-influence strategies, as well as the impact of stress-coping strategies on the influence of workplace stress on subjective well-being. The work consists of three main parts: analysis of scientific literature, research methodology and results, conclusions and proposals. Based on the analysis of the scientific literature, a conceptual model was created, according to which awareness is a moderator of the impact of workplace stress on stress coping strategies, and stress coping strategies are a mediator of the impact of workplace stress on subjective well-being. The general population of the study is Lithuanian working people. Hypotheses were formulated during the research process. In order to collect the data needed for hypothesis testing, a survey was organized among the working population of Lithuania. A total of 375 people participated in the survey. Cronbach's alpha coefficients of internal consistency of the questionnaires used in the study ranged from 0.766 to 0.894, which indicates good consistency of the questionnaires and their suitability for the assessed constructs. Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationships, and regression, moderation and mediation analyzes were used to evaluate the effects. The results of the study revealed that mindfulness significantly moderates the relationship between stress at work and social support, problem-solving, and avoidance coping strategies, promoting the use of these strategies, but does not significantly influence the emotional discharge strategy. It was found that social support, problem-solving, and emotional discharge strategies significantly attenuate the negative impact of stress at work on subjective well-being, acting as effective mediators, while the avoidance strategy does not play such a role. These results emphasize the importance of mindfulness as a selective moderator and the uneven effectiveness of stress coping strategies, depending on their nature and context
The link between organisational culture and work engagement mediating organization trust and moderating psychological safety.
No full textThe aim of the Master's thesis is to analyse and empirically investigate the relationship between organisational culture and work engagement, organisational trust and psychological safety. The Master's thesis consists of 6 parts: analysis of scientific literature, research methodology, analysis of the results, discussion, conclusions, suggestions and limitations of the study. The literature review section analysed the concepts, factors, importance and interrelationships of organisational culture, work engagement, organisational trust and psychological safety, based on research conducted by other authors. In order to analyse the relationship between the variables of the study, a quantitative study was conducted. 284 respondents from different cities in Lithuania and working in different sectors of the organisation were gathered and accessed online via social networks and the apklausa.lt portal through a structured, anonymous questionnaire. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the construct reliability of the variables in this study are greater than 0.7, so the questionnaire scales are considered reliable. The data obtained were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics software, with the A. F. Hayess Process plugin and additional data analysis using Smart PLS software. The results showed that organisational culture and its three dimensions (performance emphasis, reward orientation and coordination and integration) had a significant impact on work engagement. Organisational culture had the strongest impact on organisational trust, while when analysed by the dimensions of culture, reward orientation, goal settings and accomplishment and member‘s participation had a significant impact on trust. The study did not confirm a statistical effect of moderated mediation effect of psychological safety and organisational trust on the relationship between organisational culture and work engagement, and did not find a direct and mediating relationship between organisational trust and work engagement. The analysis of the additional adapted model showed that psychological safety proved to be a mediator that increases the positive relationship between organisational culture and work engagement. Positive perceptions of organisational culture were found to have a significant positive effect on psychological safety. In the discussion part, the comparison of the results of this study with the findings of other research works allowed to evaluate and validate the existing results on the effects of organisational culture styles on work engagement. The suggestions and limitations of the study provide practical suggestions for the design of organisational culture elements that would be suitable for enhancing work engagement and organisational trust, and suggest future research in more specific sectoral groups of organization or in the application of other constructs of organisational trust to test the effects of trust on work engagement
Vartotojų sukurtų memų įtaka filmų rinkodarai ir reklamai: Christopherio Nolano „Oppenheimerio“ (2023 m.) atvejis.
No full textReleased on July 21st, 2023, the Oppenheimer movie became a worldwide hit, grossing almost one billion dollars globally and revitalizing the movie industry after the COVID-19 pandemic. The successful release of the film was preceded by an extraordinary wave of organic social media buzz about it, which ended up promoting the Oppenheimer brand to the wider audiences. This master’s thesis takes a closer look at the most popular user-generated memes about Oppenheimer on Reddit. The study combines deductive and inductive approaches to perform a qualitative content analysis of the memes and identify the major themes within. It argues that while the Barbenheimer phenomenon was one of the key reasons for the success of Oppenheimer, other factors include the memes about the movie using popular among Generation Z absurdist humour, portraying the film in a positive light, being organic and authentic reflections of their creators’ experiences, being able to joke about controversial subjects with no danger to the brand itself, and having high intertextuality by constantly explicitly referencing other memes