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دراسة مقارنة
No full textThe study dealt with the controls of protecting the well-known trademark from international conventions and Sudanese law (a comparative study).
The problem of the study was that the Sudanese Trademarks Law of 1969 did not address special provisions for the protection of the well-known trademark despite Sudan’s accession to the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, which imposed on countries to protect this Kind of brands.
The study gained its importance from the importance of the well-known brand from a scientific and practical point of view, and it is the way to distinguish the services and products of merchants, as the consumer was able to know the product and its owner and then a quality in the field of production.
The importance of the subject also emerges when the mark is viewed as a tool to distinguish the goods or services of the merchant or manufacturer from other owners of trademarks, and the well-known mark has double importance for both the producer and the consumer at the same time. The study aims to analyze the rules that govern the various aspects of the protection of well-known trademarks in the light of international agreements in the field of intellectual property protection and the Sudanese Trademark Law of 1969, and to reveal deficiencies in legal texts. The study followed the descriptive, analytical and comparative approach, and concluded the study with many conclusions and recommendations, and one of the most important results was the lack of a comprehensive definition of the brand, especially the famous brand.
The most important recommendations came to the necessity of amending the Sudanese Law of the Trademarks Law of 1969 AD, as the texts are not clear and the articles do not keep pace with the development that prevailed in the world in this field. The Sudanese legislator should reconsider the intellectual property laws and work to issue them in one group called the Intellectual Property Rights Protection Law, instead of keeping its provisions organized in separate laws
الحماية القانونية لحقوق مؤلفي المصنفات المنشورة في الانترنت
No full textThe study examined the impact of legal protection of the rights of the authors of works published on the Internet. The problem with the study is that the legal protection of the rights of authors of works published on the Internet raises a number of legal problems that need to be identified and addressed. The importance of this research is that it deals with the latest; most advanced and used scientific means of online copyright, namely the legal protection of the rights of authors of works published on the Internet. The importance of this study is also in the statement of the place that the science of law, especially in the preservation of copyright on the Internet.
The study aims to highlight the legal protection of the rights of authors of works published on the Internet. The hypotheses of the study are that scientific research and articles published on the Internet (digital literature) are subject to theft as before paper publications are subjected to the crime of robbery itself because the scientific credibility of the researcher is inevitable available in both cases and if this credibility disappears then the researcher will be a thief with premeditation and surveillance in the words of jurists.
The research has reached several conclusions: the intellectual property right represented in copyright deserves legal protection as it has a practical and legitimate interest in protecting the right of the innovator or author financially and morally. The existence of Islamic concepts and legal rules confirms the importance of this right, such as the interest sent, which confirms the knowledge and protection of this property by Islamic jurisprudence. This knowledge, we believe, is an extension of Arab knowledge of the protection of poetry, writing and authorship, and the existence of this right does not weaken the non-use of Islamic jurisprudence as the term (intellectual property).
The following recommendations emerged from the above findings: the need to establish collective bodies to manage and protect these rights. Special courts must be set up for cases relating to these rights. The need to pay attention to providing ways to encourage and develop scientific research and intellectual production in the Arab-Islamic countries, particularly related to applied sciences such as heavy industries, high engineering and nuclear physics, in order to face the age of globalization and then care to protect the right of those who innovate and compose in those areas
أثر إدارة المعرفة على جودة الخدمات المصرفيةدراسة حالة: بنك أم درمان الوطني- الرئاسة- في الفترة من 2016- 2021م
No full textThe aim of the research is to impact of knowledge management on the quality of banking services for Omdurman National Bank. The research problem was that banks face many challenges in maintaining their customers and attracting new customers, in addition to working to keep pace with modern methods and means to improve and develop banking services, and the real challemge for banks has become not only providing services ti them. Rather, the ability to meet their requirements in awaythat matches their needs and satisfies their desires, and this can only be achieved through the application and activation of knowledge management in away that contributes to the quality of banking services provided.
The research tested several hypotheses: there is a statistically significant relationship between knowledge generation and the quality of banking services, as well as there is a statistically significant relationship between knowledge storage and the quality of banking services, and also there is a statistically significant relationship between knowledge distribuation and the quality of banking services, as well as there is also is a significant relationship between statistics the application of knowledge and the quality of banking services. The research followed the descriptive analytical method and the case study method.
The research reached a number of results, the most important of which are: Omdurman National Bank has knowledge of improving banking servies, and the bank also an effective database that facilitated the process of referring information when needed, and also the bank has advanced technical devices and equipment that contributed to the quality of banking services.
The research came out with a number of recommendations, the most important of which are: the bank’s continuation to accept customer complaints suggestions in providing banking servies, as well as working to update the bank’s database periodically to keep abreast of developments in the field of providing banking servies, as well as activating the bank’s international information network in order for information to reach workers quickly
التخطيط الاستراتيجي ودوره في تنمية الموارد البشرية : دراسة حالة وزارة العمل والإصلاح الإداري في الفترة من 2016- 2021م
No full textThe study discusses the effectiveness of strategic planning in the
development of human resources in the Ministry of Labor and
Administrative Reform, considering that the strategic planning is one of
the important mechanisms to achieve the integration, interaction and
coordination between the various components of human resource
development within a comprehensive perspective at the level of the
ministry. The reason behind this study is due to the emphasis on the
importance of strategic planning and its aspects, steps, and levels to
achieve the conceptual framework for developing the human resources in
its various components at the exclusive level. The study covers the
aspects related to the planning, policies, and directions connected with the
components of human resources development. Through the review of the
literature and reports that contributed to this field, the researcher designed
a questionnaire consists of two paragraphs distributed on seven-axis, and
it has been distributed to each research sample represented by a soft
sample of the ministry's workers of (200) individuals, the researcher has
been able after the applying the questionnaire on the community to
recovery (118) questionnaires.
To test the study hypotheses, the descriptive-analytical approach was
used, also the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was
used, which was based on testing the following main hypothesis: There is
a statistically significant relationship between strategic planning and
resource development in the Ministry of Labor and Administrative
Reform. This hypothesis divided into the following sub-hypothesis: There
is a statistically significant relationship between the vision and the
development of human resource in the ministry, there is a statistically
significant relationship between the mission and the development of
human resource in the ministry, there is a statistically significant
relationship between strategic objectives and the development of human
resource in the ministry, there is a statistically significant relationship
between the internal environment and the development of human
resources in the ministry, there is a statistically significant relationship
between the external environment and the development of human
resources in the ministry, and there is a statistically significant
relationship between policies and the development of human resources in
the ministry
Toxicological Studies on Some Snakes Venoms Using Experimental Rats
Get PDFالخلفية: سم الثعبان هو خليط مركب من بروتينات إنزيمية و لا إنزيمية ذات وظائف فسيولوجية مرضية محددة التي تختلف بإختلاف نوع الحية و بين افراد النوع الواحد.
الهدف: يهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة التأثيرات السمية لسموم الكوبرا المصرية، الكوبرا النوبية و الأفعى القرناء على جرذان التجارب.
الطريقة: في البدء تم إجراء اختبار لتحديد الأفعى الآكثر سمية و الأسرع فتكا وذلك بتقسيم مجموعة من جرذان التجارب الى ثلاث مجموعات، المجموعة الأولى حقنت بالحد الأدنى من الجرعة المميتة لسم الكوبرا المصرية و الثانية حقنت بالحد الأدنى من الجرعة المميتة لسم الكوبرا النوبية و المجموعة الثالثة حقنت بالحد الأدنى من الجرعة المميتة لسم الأفعى القرناء.أجريت مزيد من التجارب على سم الكوبرا المصرية؛ تم حساب الجرعة نصف القاتلة باستخدام طريقة كاربر؛ من ثم تم تقسيم مجموعة أخرى من جرذان التجارب الى ثلاث مجموعات(٥ جرذان لكل مجموعة)، حقنت المجموعة الأولى بمحلول فسيولوجي (كلوريد الصوديوم) و التي استخدمت كمجموعة ضابطة، المجموعة الثانية حقنت بجرعة سامة مقدارها(0.08مج/كجم) من سم الأفعى المصرية، اما المجموعة الثالثة فقد حقنت بجرعة قاتلة (0.5 مج/كجم) من سم الكوبرا المصرية؛ على هذه المجموعات الثلاث تمت ملاحظة التغيرات العصبية و السلوكية ومن ثم سحبت عينات من الدم لتحليل صورة الدم و للفحص البيوكيميائي و أخيرا تم اعدام الجرذان وتشريحها و استخراج الكبد و الكلى من أجل تحليل الأنسجة. قسمت مجموعة من الجرذان في مرحلة الحمل المبكر الى مجموعتين؛ حقنت المجموعة الأولى بمحلول فسيولوجي (كلوريد الصوديوم) كمجموعة ضابطة، المجموعة الثانية حقنت بجرعة سامة مقدارها( 0.08مج/كجم) من سم الأفعى المصرية، وتمت الملاحظة اثناء فترة الحمل ومن ثم فحص الأجنة.
النتائج: وجدت الدراسة ان سم الكوبرا المصرية هو الأكثر سمية و الأسرع فتكا من بين الأفاعي الأخرى (الكوبرا النوبية و الأفعى القرناء) اذ يساوي الحدالأدنى من الجرعة المميتة لسم هذه الكوبرا(0.1مج\كجم) مع متوسط زمن حدوث الوفاة مساو ل46±3 دقائق. بينما الحد الأدنى للجرعة المميتة و متوسط حدوث الوفاة للكوبرا النوبية و الأفعى القرناء هما(0.4 مج\كجم و 0.5 مج\كجم) و(90±15و 3ساعات±20دقيقة) على التوالى
الجرعة نصف القاتلة لسم الكوبرا المصرية هي(0.28 مج/كجم). ظهرت التأثيرات السمية العصبية لسم الكوبرا متمثلة في تشنجات و شلل ، بإلاضافة الى انخفاض في مستوى الجلكوز في الدم في كلتا المجموعتين. فيما يخص التغييرات البيوكيميائية فقد أظهرت التحاليل ان سم الأفعى المصرية سبب إرتفاعا ذا دلالة إحصائية في مستويات إنزيمات الكبد اسبارتات ترانس امينيز و الانين ترانس امينيز و مستويات معلمات الكلى اليوريا و الكيراتينين لكلا المجموعتين. بين فحص الأنسجة أن سم الكوبرا المصرية قد أحدث تغييرات في أنسجة الكبد و الكلى لكلا المجموعتين. و بينت تحاليل صورة الدم الكاملة أن سم الكوبرا المصرية سبب إرتفاعا ذا دلالة إحصائية في عدد كريات الدم البيضاء و الصفائح الدموية في المجموعة التي حقنت بالجرعة القاتلة، ايضآ وجدت الدراسة أن الجرعة السامة من سم الكوبرا المصرية لم تتسبب في حدوث تشوهات خلقية للأجنة و كذلك لم تؤثر على استمرارية الحمل بشكل طبيعي.
الخاتمة: الجرعة المميتة و الجرعة السامة من سم الكوبرا المصرية ذاتا تأثيرات سمية عصبية وتسببان ضعف في وظائف الكبد و الكلى و ذلك استدلالا بارتفاع مستويات انزيمات الكبد و معلمات الكلى اضافة الى التغيرات في أنسجتهما. أظهرت الجرعة المميتة من سم هذه الكوبرا تأثيرات سامة في الدم و ليس لدى الجرعة السامة أي تأثيرات على الأجنة.
التوصيات: يوصى بان تجرى مزيد من الدراسات على سموم الأفاعي الأخرى المذكورة في الدراسة (الكوبرا النوبية و الأفعى القرناء)
المراجعة المشتركة ودورها في الحد من ممارسات المحاسبة الإبداعية : دراسة ميدانية على عينة من مكاتب المراجعة الخارجية بولاية الخرطوم
No full textThe problem of the study is to answer the following main question: Is there a statistically significant relationship between joint auditing and the limitation of creative accounting practices?
The study aimed to study creative accounting practices and management's motives for their use, the effect of creative accounting on the reliability of data in the financial statements, a statement of the joint audit characteristics that affect the limitation of creative accounting practices in companies. And the statement of the role of the joint audit quality characteristics in limiting creative accounting practices in companies.
The study tested the following hypotheses: There is a statistically significant relationship between joint auditing and methods of limiting creative accounting practices in the inside statement, there is a statistically significant relationship between joint auditing and methods of reducing creative accounting practices in the statement of financial position. There is a statistically significant relationship between the joint audit and the methods of reducing creative accounting practices in the statement of cash flows. The research followed the historical method, the descriptive analytical method, and the case study method.
The study reached a number of results, the most prominent of which are: Joint audit applications in improving audit quality have the ability to increase the credibility of financial reports, creative accounting is the apparent growth in profits that occurs as a result of the sleight of hand of accounting ingenuity and not as a result of real economic growth, the income statement is based on approved changes by management with a view to changing real performance.
The study concluded with several recommendations, including: the necessity of awareness of creative accounting, its motives and practices, and a statement of its harms, interest in activating the joint audit to reduce the methods of creative accounting practices in the income statement, activating the joint audit to reduce the methods of creative accounting practices in the statement of financial positio
