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Sámi/indigenous festivals: Bridging the educational systems
No full textThis article aims to explore how Indigenous knowledge and skills acquired at Sámi festivals can supplement and critically inform knowledge in the Norwegian formal education system. The empirical data for this study are derived from extensive fieldwork (2009–2019) comprising observations of Riddu Riđđu festival participants, and semi-structured in-depth interviews with open-ended questions conducted with festival participants and volunteers who also work at different educational and cultural institutions, such as schools, language centres, libraries, and museums. We applied an Indigenous paradigm and methodology (Koukkanen, 2000; Smith, 2010) that favours land- or place-based pedagogies (Thornton, et al., 2021; Wildcat et al., 2014), along with a holistic research method approach. The results show that Sámi/Indigenous festivals have been and still are crucial in revitalising Sámi cultures and ways of knowing that are still marginalised in mainstream education systems. The Indigenous knowledge and skills acquired at Sámi and other Indigenous festivals have the potential to supplement and critically inform knowledge in formal education systems such as schools, teacher education, libraries, and museums.publishedVersio
Læreres erfaringer med å tilpasse undervisningen for elever med en ADHD-diagnose
Get PDFDenne masteroppgaven har som hensikt å undersøke hvilke erfaringer et utvalg lærere på barneskolen har med tilpasset opplæring knyttet til elever med en ADHD-diagnose. Oppgaven er en empirisk undersøkelse av 6 lærere som jobber på ulike skoler på Østlandet, hvor alle har erfaringer med ADHD. Problemstillingen til prosjektet er:
Hvilke erfaringer har et utvalg lærere når det kommer til å tilpasse undervisningen for elever med ADHD-diagnosen i barneskolen?
ADHD er en diagnose som ofte blir snakket om i skolen, og det er sannsynlig at de fleste lærere vil møte elever med denne diagnosen i løpet av sin karriere. Dette understreker behovet for å forbedre kunnskapen om hvordan undervisningen kan tilpasses for disse elevene.
Resultatene fra studien peker på viktigheten av tilpasninger i undervisningen for at individuelle behov skal kunne ivaretas. Deltakerne understreker viktigheten av å tilby varierte undervisningsmetoder og tilpassede oppgaver for å støtte hver enkelt elev på en best mulig måte. Videre fremheves betydningen av gode relasjoner, inkludering, motivasjon og mestring, klassemiljø og klasseledelse, og et godt skole-hjem samarbeid som relevant for å skape et trygt og godt læringsmiljø for elevene. Det trekkes også frem ulike utfordringer deltakerne møter på i forbindelse med ADHD-diagnosen. Deltakerne ytrer at det blant annet er stor ressursmangel i skolen, samt at dagens skole ikke er tilrettelagt for alle. Dette understreker behovet for økt kompetanse og forståelse, slik at vi kan forsøke å imøtekomme elevenes individuelle behov på en tilfredsstillende måte.This master's thesis aims to investigate the experiences of a selected group of elementary school teachers regarding adapted education for students diagnosed with ADHD. The thesis is an empirical study involving 6 teachers from various schools in the Eastern region of Norway, all with experience in dealing with ADHD. The research question for this project is:
Which experiencec does a selected group of teachers have when it pertains to adaption of classes for students with ADHD in elementary school?
ADHD is a diagnosis that is often discussed in schools, and it is likely that most teachers will encounter students with this diagnosis during their careers. This underlines the need to improve knowledge on how teaching can be adapted for these students.
The results of the study emphasize the importance of adaptations in teaching to meet individual needs. Participants highlight the significance of offering diverse teaching methods and adapted tasks to support each student effectively. Furthermore, the importance of strong relationships, inclusion, motivation, and coping mechanisms, classroom environment and management, and effective school-home collaboration are emphasized as crucial for creating a safe and conducive learning environment for students. Various challenges related to the ADHD diagnosis are also highlighted by the participants. It is expressed that there is a significant lack of resources in schools, and it is stated that today's schools are not adapted for everyone. This underlines the need for increased competence and understanding, so we can attempt to meet the individual needs of students in a satisfactory manner
Beta-adrenergic blockade increases pulmonary vascular resistance and causes exaggerated hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction at high altitude: a physiological study
Get PDFBackground An increasing number of hypertensive persons travel to high altitude (HA) while using antihypertensive medications such as beta-blockers. Nevertheless, while hypoxic exposure initiates an increase in pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), the contribution of the autonomic nervous system is unclear. In animals, beta-adrenergic blockade has induced pulmonary vasoconstriction in normoxia and exaggerated hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) and both effects were abolished by muscarinic blockade. We thus hypothesized that in humans, propranolol (PROP) increases Ppa and PVR in normoxia and exaggerates HPV, and that these effects of PROP are abolished by glycopyrrolate (GLYC). Methods In seven healthy male lowlanders, Ppa was invasively measured without medication, with PROP and PROP + GLYC, both at sea level (SL, 488 m) and after a 3-week sojourn at 3454 m altitude (HA). Bilateral thigh-cuff release manoeuvres were performed to derive pulmonary pressure-flow relationships and pulmonary vessel distensibility. Results At SL, PROP increased Ppa and PVR from (mean ± SEM) 14 ± 1 to 17 ± 1 mmHg and from 69 ± 8 to 108 ± 11 dyn s cm−5 (21% and 57% increase, P = 0.01 and P < 0.0001). The PVR response to PROP was amplified at HA to 76% (P < 0.0001, P[interaction] = 0.05). At both altitudes, PROP + GLYC abolished the effect of PROP on Ppa and PVR. Pulmonary vessel distensibility decreased from 2.9 ± 0.5 to 1.7 ± 0.2 at HA (P < 0.0001) and to 1.2 ± 0.2 with PROP, and further decreased to 0.9 ± 0.2% mmHg−1 with PROP + GLYC (P = 0.01).publishedVersio
Småkommunenes utfordringer ved organisering av råd for personer med funksjonsnedsettelse
Get PDFRåd for personer med funksjonsnedsettelse har vært en medvirkningsordning i kommunene i mange år. Fra 2019 har ordningen blitt innlemmet i kommuneloven. Statlige myndigheter har lagt noen føringer og anbefalinger for rådene. Gjennom en spørreundersøkelse til ledere av kommunale råd for personer med funksjonsnedsettelse har vi kartlagt ulike sider ved rådenes oppnevning, organisering og fungering. Et sentralt funn er at små kommuner har store utfordringer knyttet til å innfri forventningene fra statlige myndigheter til hvordan rådene skal fungere. Artikkelen diskuterer hva dette kan bety for representasjon, samt for systemkapasitet og borgereffektivitet. Avslutningsvis diskuterer vi alternative måter som småkommunene kan håndtere utfordringene på.Challenges for small municipalities when organising councils for disabled peoplepublishedVersio
Retinal vascular changes and arterial stiffness during 8-month isolation and confinement: the SIRIUS-21 space analog mission
Get PDFIntroduction: Isolation and confinement are significant stressors during space travel that can impact crewmembers’ physical and mental health. Space travel has been shown to accelerate vascular aging and increase the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders. However, the effect of prolonged isolation and confinement on microvascular function has not yet been thoroughly investigated.
Methods: Retinal vascular imaging was conducted on four crewmembers during- and post-8-month SIRIUS-21 space analog mission. Central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE), central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE), and arteriovenous ratio (AVR) were measured. Pulse wave velocity (PWV), an indicator of arterial stiffness, was also measured.
Results: Data from 4 participants was analyzed. These participants had a mean age of 34.75 ± 5.44 years, height of 170.00 ± 2.00 cm, weight of 74.50 ± 12.53 kg, and average BMI of 25.47 ± 3.94 kg/m2. During- and post-isolation, average CRVE showed an upward trend (Pearson’s r 0.784, R-square 0.62), suggesting a dilation of retinal venules, while AVR showed a downward trend (Pearson’s r −0.238, R-square 0.057), which is suggestive of a higher risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular dysfunctions. But neither of these trends were statistically significant. Additionally, the average PWV showed an upward trend during- and after-isolation across all crew members.
Conclusion: Isolation and confinement appear to contribute towards retinal vascular damage and arterial stiffness. This cautiously suggests an increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders due to the contribution of the isolation in space flight. Further studies are needed to confirm and expand on these results as we prepare for future manned missions to the Moon and Mars.publishedVersio
Patient-reported outcomes in axial spondyloarthritis and psoriatic arthritis patients treated with secukinumab for 24 months in daily clinical practice
Get PDFObjectives
In patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) or psoriatic arthritis (PsA) initiating secukinumab, we aimed to assess and compare the proportion of patients achieving 6-, 12- and 24-month patient-reported outcomes (PRO) remission and the 24-month retention rates.
Patients and methods
Patients with axSpA or PsA from 16 European registries, who initiated secukinumab in routine care were included. PRO remission rates were defined as pain, fatigue, Patient Global Assessment (PGA) ≤2 (Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) 0–10) and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) ≤0.5, for both axSpA and PsA, and were calculated as crude values and adjusted for drug adherence (LUNDEX). Comparisons of axSpA and PsA remission rates were performed using logistic regression analyses (unadjusted and adjusted for multiple confounders). Kaplan-Meier plots with log-rank test and Cox regression analyses were conducted to assess and compare secukinumab retention rates.
Results
We included 3087 axSpA and 3246 PsA patients initiating secukinumab. Crude pain, fatigue, PGA and HAQ remission rates were higher in axSpA than in PsA patients, whereas LUNDEX-adjusted remission rates were similar. No differences were found between the patient groups after adjustment for confounders. The 24-month retention rates were similar in axSpA vs. PsA in fully adjusted analyses (HR [95 %CI] = 0.92 [0.84–1.02]).
Conclusion
In this large European real-world study of axSpA and PsA patients treated with secukinumab, we demonstrate for the first time a comparable effectiveness in PRO remission and treatment retention rates between these two conditions when adjusted for confounders.publishedVersio
On the terrestrial and freshwater invertebrate diversity of the High Arctic archipelago of Svalbard: a revised species inventory and synopsis of the community composition.
Get PDFArctic terrestrial invertebrate biodiversity is generally poorly known, but the archipelago of Svalbard has one of the most up-to-date inventories of its terrestrial and freshwater faunas of any Arctic region, offering a baseline for long term monitoring of invertebrate communities in space and time. Since the most recent review of the Svalbard invertebrate fauna was produced in 2014, knowledge of this fauna has developed and this inventory is here critically revised and updated. Our aims are (1) to critically review the inventory based on current taxonomic knowledge, (2) publish the complete species inventory, including cross-referencing to the relevant publications, in an open access data archive (GBIF), and (3) highlight the particular advantages that working in Svalbard may bring for scientists working on terrestrial, freshwater, and cryospheric environments. The inventory contains a total 1091 valid species names or interim names. A gap analysis in the Barcode of Life Data Systems reveals that 50% of the species currently documented from Svalbard lack COI (Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1) barcode reference sequences in this database. Gaps in our knowledge of the Svalbard fauna and how these may be resolved are discussed.publishedVersio
Fysisk form blant voksne og eldre i Norge 2022-2023 (Kan3)
Get PDFammendrag av hovedfunn - Kartleggingen av fysisk form blant voksne og eldre i Norge 2022-23 (Kan3 fase 2) er utført ved Norges idrettshøgskole i samarbeid med Folkehelseinstituttet. Kan3 fase 2 inngår som en del av det nasjonale kartleggingssystemet for fysisk aktivitet og fysisk form der formålet er å følge opp tidligere undersøkelser av voksne og eldre for å øke kunnskapen om status, trender og utviklingen av fysisk form i den norske befolkingen. Datainnsamlingen i Kan3 fase 2 er gjennomført i samarbeid med Universitetet i Stavanger, Universitetet i Agder, UiT Norges arktiske universitet, Høgskulen på Vestlandet og Høgskolen i Innlandet i perioden august 2022 til april 2023.
Et tilfeldig utvalg av deltakere som deltok i Kan3 fase 1 (hovedutvalg) ble invitert til fysisk oppmøte for gjennomføring av tester for å måle fysisk form i Kan3 fase 2. Som beskrevet i Kan 3 fase 1 rapport ble det også rekruttert deltakere som var 67+ år gjennom egne rekrutteringsstrategier mot seniorsenter i de store byene. Disse deltakerne gjennomførte tester av gripestyrke, balanse og bevegelighet, men de gjennomførte ikke test av maksimalt oksygenopptak.
Av totalt 2001 personer som ble invitert, samtykket 1503 personer til deltakelse i Kan3 fase 2. Som vist i Kan 3 fase 1 er utvalget noe selektert da det er forholdsvis flere med høy sosioøkonomisk status i utvalget sammenlignet med den øvrige befolkningen. Den samme selekteringen er følgelig med videre inn i fase 2, og det betyr at beregninger for fysisk form trolig vil være noe overestimert.
Maksimalt oksygenopptak (VO2max) - Menn hadde høyere maksimalt oksygenopptak enn kvinner i alle aldergrupper. Oksygenopptaket falt med henholdsvis 2.8 ml∙kg-1∙min-1 og 3.9 ml∙kg-1∙min-1 blant kvinner og menn per 10 års økning i alder. Blant både menn og kvinner, hadde den femtedelen av deltakerne med høyest oksygenopptak et oksygenopptak som var omtrent dobbelt så høyt som den femtedelen av deltakerne med lavest oksygenopptak. Deltakere som tilfredsstilte Helsedirektoratets anbefaling for fysisk aktivitet, hadde høyere oksygenopptak sammenlignet med de som ikke tilfredsstilte anbefalingen. Oksygenopptaket økte med høyere utdanningsnivå blant menn, men ikke blant kvinner.
Gripestyrke, balanse og bevegelighet - Yngre hadde høyere gripestyrke enn eldre, og menn hadde høyere gripestyrke enn kvinner. Balansen reduseres med økende alder og en stor reduksjon sees etter fylte 60 år. Generelt var bevegeligheten i hofte og skulderledd bedre blant kvinner enn menn. For begge kjønn reduseres bevegeligheten med økende alder. Det var ingen sammenheng mellom gripestyrke, balanse og utdanning, men bevegelighet i hofteledd økte med høyere utdanning blant kvinner.
Trender - Både menn og kvinner i Kan3 fase 2 hadde et høyere maksimalt oksygenopptak enn menn og kvinner som deltok i Kan1 fase 2 i 2008-09. Menn hadde et oksygenopptak som var 2.3 ml∙kg-1∙min-1 (95% KI: 1.1 – 3.4) høyere i Kan3 sammenliknet med i Kan1, og tilsvarende forskjell for kvinner var 2.6 ml∙kg-1∙min-1 (95% KI: 1.6 – 3.5). Dette tilsvarer en prosentuell forskjell mellom Kan1 og Kan3 på 6-7%. Data må dog tolkes med forsiktighet fordi utvalget i Kan 1 er noe ulikt utvalget i Kan 3. Det var ingen forskjeller i gripestyrke når vi sammenlignet deltakere i Kan3 med deltakere i Kan1.
Praktiske implikasjoner - I gjennomsnitt har deltakere i Kan3 et oksygenopptak som er godt over eller på nivå med foreslåtte internasjonale og nasjonale grenseverdier for anbefalt VO2max. Spredningen i materialet er imidlertid betydelig og for den femtedelen av deltakerne med lavest oksygenopptak ligger verdiene betydelig lavere enn anbefalte verdier, noe som kan gi økt risiko for sykdom og tidlig død. I denne gruppen vil selv dagligdagse aktiviteter, som det å gå i trapper eller å sykle kreve en så stor andel av det maksimale oksygenopptaket at det vil være vanskelig å delta i slike aktiviteter i mer enn noen få minutter. Oksygenopptaket er imidlertid trenbart uansett alder og utgangspunkt. En økning i det maksimale oksygenopptaket hos denne gruppen vil kunne ha stor betydning for å sikre en god fysisk funksjon, det vil si gi økt mestring av dagliglivets aktiviteter.
Lav gripestyrke er også assosiert med økt risiko for sykelighet og tidlig død. Selv om muskelmassen og maksimal styrke faller naturlig med økende alder, vil regelmessig styrketrening kunne forebygge mye av dette fallet. Styrketrening er spesielt viktig fra 50–60-årsalderen, og selv personer over 70 år vil kunne øke både muskelmassen og styrken betraktelig ved å starte med regelmessig styrketrening.publishedVersio
Attentive hands: The coexistence of digital and analog attentions in children's sports
Get PDFThrough an extended ethnography of a sports team of boys growing from 7 to 11 years old, I explore Norwegian parents' anxieties about the digital world encroaching on their children's lives. I compare parents' monitoring of their children's (non)digital leisure activities with how kids interact (non)digitally. On the surface, as parents observe how their children's bodies move from screens to sports, they see their kids' attentive hands shifting focus from electronic gaming and screen swiping to a more welcomed ballplaying and high-fiving with nonelectronic teammates. However, close inspection reveals that my interlocutors never completely enter or leave the digital, but dwell within both worlds simultaneously. The result shows the meaning of children sports as changed by the digital, how the digital appears in the foreground or the background of our interactions, and how an emphasis on attentive hands can help unearth how the digital passes through us to constitute our lifeworlds.Attentive hands: The coexistence of digital and analog attentions in children's sportspublishedVersio
A qualitative study of the experiences of young people with severe mental health problems and complex needs regarding youth flexible assertive community treatment
Get PDFYouth Flexible Assertive Community Treatment (Youth Flexible ACT) is a service model for children and young people with severe mental health problems and complex needs aimed at providing integrated, continuous and holistic care. Studies on young people’s experiences of Youth Flexible ACT or similar models are scarce. The present qualitative study aimed to explore and describe how young people with severe mental health problems and complex needs experience follow-up and treatment provided by Youth Flexible ACT teams. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 young people (age range, 15–19 years) who were being followed up by a Youth Flexible ACT team. Qualitative content analysis was used, and the following two overarching themes characterizing the young people’s experiences of follow-up and treatment provided by Youth Flexible ACT teams were identified: (1) trusting and collaborative relationships, and (2) organization matters. The participants experienced a more personal relationship with the staff, who behaved more like friends and paid attention to resources, interests, solutions and their context. The participants emphasized and valued components that coincided with the Youth Flexible ACT model, indicating a match between what the young people needed and wanted and what the model was supposed to provide. The team providing these relationships and youth-friendly and developmentally sensitive care appeared to be facilitated by how the service model was organized, with the teams being flexible and accessible while providing integrated, multifaceted help and systemic follow-up.publishedVersio