Brage Nord Open Research Archive
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Unravelling the temporal and spatial variation of fungal phylotypes from embryo to adult stages in Atlantic salmon
Get PDFEarly microbial colonization has a profound impact on host physiology during different stages of ontogeny. Although several studies have focused on early bacterial colonization and succession, the composition and role of fungal communities are poorly known in fish. Here, we sequenced the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of fungi to profile the mycobiome associated with the eggs, hatchlings and intestine of Atlantic salmon at various freshwater and marine stages. In most of the stages studied, fungal diversity was lower than bacterial diversity. There were several stage-specific fungal phylotypes belonging to different stages of ontogeny but some groups, such as Candida tropicalis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Alternaria metachromatica, Davidiella tassiana and Humicola nigrescens, persisted during successive stages of ontogeny. We observed significant changes in the intestinal fungal communities during the first feeding. Prior to first feeding, Humicola nigrescens dominated, but Saccharomyces cerevisiae (10 weeks post hatch) and Candida tropicalis (12 weeks post hatch) became dominant subsequently. Seawater transfer resulted in a decrease in alpha diversity and an increase in Candida tropicalis abundance. We also observed notable variations in beta diversity and composition between the different farms. Overall, the present study sheds light on the fungal communities of Atlantic salmon from early ontogeny to adulthood. These novel findings will also be useful in future studies investigating host-microbiota interactions in the context of developing better nutritional and health management strategies for Atlantic salmon farming.publishedVersio
Utvikling av relasjonskompetanse ved videreutdanning i psykisk helsearbeid: Studenterfaringer
Get PDFDenne studien er en kvalitativ undersøkelse fra 2015 til 2019 om studenter i videreutdanning i psykisk helsearbeid sine erfaringer om hvordan de utvikler relasjonskompetanse gjennom utdanningen. Rapporten er ferdigstilt desember 2023. Undersøkelsen er gjort mens Rammeplan og forskrift for videreutdanning i psykisk helsearbeid (2005) har gitt føringer for videreutdanningen. Ferdigstillelse av rapporten har vært påvirket av Forskrift om nasjonal retningslinje for tverrfaglig videreutdanning i psykisk helse-, rus- og avhengighetsarbeid, 60studiepoeng, som har vært under arbeid og trådte i kraft 15.03.2022 (https://lovdata.no/dokument/LTI/forskrift/2022-03-14-387).
Rapporten synliggjør at utviklingen av relasjonskompetanse i psykisk helsearbeid erfares som komplisert og sammensatt. Den viser at utvikling av relasjonskompetanse i psykisk helsearbeid skjer i en prosess som skjer imellom å forstå seg selv, å forstå andre og betydningen av varierte læringsformer. Pedagogisk tilrettelegging, med kombinasjon av sammenhengende samarbeidsprosesser i basisgrupper på den ene siden og individuelle refleksjonsoppgaver knyttet til studentenes egne opplevelser og erfaringer på den andre siden, blir erfart som betydningsfullt for utvikling av relasjonskompetanse gjennom utdanningen. Rapporten kan være nyttig som grunnlag i planlegging og tilrettelegging for pedagogisk og faglig læring og kompetanseutvikling med utgangspunkt i den nye forskriften (ibid)
Sustainable Mobility at High Traffic Locations – The Case of the General Hospital Novo mesto: Final report from the SALOMON project
Get PDFRadical visible pedagogy and cumulative knowledge-building in education
Get PDFTwenty-first century learning revolves around a pedagogical discourse based on simplistic dichotomies, favoring a student-centered approach. This direction claims that such a learning model will lead to in-depth learning in education. This paper refutes this claim and argues that curricula based on twenty-first century learning promotes a social and context-dependent form of knowledge. To examine the problem of 21st century learning, and to develop an alternative, this paper introduces Bernstein’s pedagogical modalities, which are investigated using the terms “semantic gravity” and “semantic density.” These concepts are used to analyze teachers’ pedagogical practices in three different subjects, considering the further effects of these practices on learning and knowledge-building, as expressed in submitted student papers. The analysis suggests that practices that create long semantic waves, where knowledge is transformed between decontextualized meanings and contextualized meanings, are a condition for in-depth learning and cumulative knowledge-building. The paper argues that this form of knowledge-building is a result of a radical visible pedagogy, which includes practices that are based on different forms of knowledge, making visible how these forms of knowledge can be connected and transformed in education.publishedVersio
Adapting to home care in Norway : A longitudinal case study of older adults’ experiences
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Interspecific competition impacts the occupancy and range limits of two ptarmigan species along the elevation gradient in Norway
Get PDFMany mountain species are expected to respond to climate change through upslope shifts of their range limits, but competition may restrict or alter this response. Under traditional range-limit theory, it is expected that lower-elevation species are better competitors than closely related higher-elevation species. However, recent work finds that this prediction is often unmet. We investigated evidence for the impact of competition during breeding season on the elevational range limits of a pair of closely related bird species, willow ptarmigan Lagopus lagopus and rock ptarmigan L. muta, in mainland Norway. The species share overlapping ranges that loosely divide slightly upslope from the treeline ecotone, with willow ptarmigan generally occupying lower sites and rock ptarmigan occupying higher sites. We used multi-species occupancy models to test four competing hypotheses for how competition may affect the range limit between willow ptarmigan and rock ptarmigan: 1) asymmetric competition that restricts the lower range limit of rock ptarmigan; 2) asymmetric competition that restricts the upper range limit of willow ptarmigan; 3) condition-specific competition that restricts both species’ range limits; and 4) range limits unaffected by competition. We found evidence for a negative pairwise interaction between the two species. Changes in interaction strength along the elevation gradient suggested evidence for condition-specific competition. However, a strong positive correlation between rock ptarmigan and higher-elevation habitat resulted in a highly asymmetric outcome, where the upper range limit of willow ptarmigan was restricted but rock ptarmigan occupancy was fairly independent of willow ptarmigan. This outcome is opposite to the prediction of traditional range-limit theory and may suggest a greater climate threat to willow ptarmigan than has been previously projected. Thus, our results demonstrate the importance of considering biotic interactions at both the higher and lower ends of species’ range limits along elevation gradients. elevation gradient, interspecific competition, occupancy, ptarmigan, range limitspublishedVersio
