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Monitoring programme for pharmaceuticals, illegal substances, contaminants and microbiology in aquatic products imported to Norway from third countries - Annual report for 2023
Get PDFThis report summarises results from the ongoing monitoring programme for veterinary border control on aquatic products imported to Norway from countries outside the EU and the European Economic Area in 2023. Samples were collected by personnel at the Norwegian Border Inspection Posts (BIP). The Institute of Marine Research (IMR) carried out the analytical work on behalf of the Norwegian Food Safety Authority (NFSA). We want to thank NFSA for good cooperation during the conduct of this monitoring programme. A risk assessment for different groups of imported products formed the basis for the selection of analytical activities, where current trend of hazards, as reported in The Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) notification system and the compositional nature of the products and origin formed an up-to-date basis for the risk assessment. A total of 114 seafood samples, were examined by a selection of analytical methods and assays for microorganisms and undesirable chemical substances. Selected microbiological analyses were performed on 95 of the samples. Undesirable trace elements were measured in 12 samples, and persistent organic pollutants were measured in 21 samples. Analyses of residues of authorised veterinary and unauthorised and prohibited substances was performed in two samples. Histamine was examined in a selection of seven relevant samples.Monitoring programme for pharmaceuticals, illegal substances, contaminants and microbiology in aquatic products imported to Norway from third countries - Annual report for 2023publishedVersio
Intake of different types of seafood and meat and risk of type 2 diabetes in women: a prospective study supported by a dietary intervention in mice
Get PDFDetailed knowledge regarding the associations between intake of different types of seafood and meat and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and insight into possible mechanisms are warranted. In this study we aimed to evaluate the associations between intake of different types of seafood and meat and the subsequent risk of T2D using the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), and furthermore, by using a mouse model to gain further insight into possible molecular mechanisms contributing to the associated metabolic changes. Women in MoBa who were free of pharmacologically treated diabetes at baseline (n = 60,777) were prospectively evaluated for incident T2D, identified on the basis of medication usages > 90 days after delivery, ascertained by the Norwegian Prescription Database. Dietary intake was obtained with a validated 255-item food frequency questionnaire which assessed habitual diet during the first 4–5 months of pregnancy. Metabolic phenotypes and plasma metabolome were investigated in female mice fed isocaloric diets with different types of seafood and meat mimicking the dietary intake in the human cohort. During maximum 10-year and mean (SD) 7.2 (1.6) years follow-up time, 681 (1.1%) women developed pharmacologically treated T2D. All statistical models identified a higher risk of T2D with increased shellfish intake, whereas no associations were observed for total seafood, fatty fish, total meat and red meat in the adjusted models. In mice, the shellfish-based western diet induced reduced glucose tolerance and insulin secretion compared to the diet based on lean fish, and we identified a number of metabolites elevated in plasma from shellfish-fed mice that correlated with glucose intolerance. Mice fed a western diet based on meat also exhibited reduced glucose tolerance in comparison to lean fish fed mice, whereas mice fed fatty fish, total seafood or red meat did not differ from lean fish fed mice. We observed a diet-specific metabolic signature in plasma demonstrating five distinct metabolite profiles in mice fed shellfish, fatty fish, total seafood/lean fish, a mixed diet and meat. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that different types of seafood have different outcome on T2D risk. In women, intake of shellfish was associated with higher risk of T2D. In female mice, a shellfish enriched diet reduced glucose tolerance and altered the abundance of several distinct plasma metabolites correlating with glucose tolerance.publishedVersio
Kvikksølv i sjømat ved U-864 - Resultater fra overvåkning i 2022 og 2023
Get PDFDen tyske ubåten U-864 transporterte store mengder kvikksølv, da den ble senket vest av Fedje i 1945. Vraket ligger på rundt 150 m dyp og sjøbunnen nær vrakdelene er sterkt forurenset av metallisk kvikksølv. På vegne av Kystverket overvåker Havforskningsinstituttet årlig innholdet av kvikksølv i sjømat fisket rundt vraket samt referanselokaliteter fire nautiske mil nord og sør for vraket. I henholdsvis 2022 og 2023 analyserte vi filet av 75 og 69 brosmer (Brosme brosme) og klokjøtt og innmat av 51 og 62 taskekrabber (Cancer pagurus) for totalkvikksølv. Filet av totalt seks brosmer prøvetatt ved vraket, tolv fisket fire nautiske mil sør for vraket og tre fisket fire nautiske mil nord for vraket, hadde kvikksølvkonsentrasjoner over grenseverdien satt for mattrygghet i EU og Norge. Dette var flere enn det som tidligere har vært målt, men gjennomsnittlig kvikksølvkonsentrasjon i brosme prøvetatt ved vraket i 2022 og 2023 var henholdsvis på nivå med og litt høyere enn langtidsmiddelet for 2005-2023. Klokjøtt av krabber (behandlet rå før analyse) hadde et kvikksølvnivå godt innenfor grenseverdiene for mattrygghet, og det var ingen forskjell mellom de tre lokalitetene. En av syv krabber som ble kokt før analyse, hadde et kvikksølvnivå i klokjøtt like over grenseverdien for mattrygghet. For innmat var det høyest konsentrasjoner av kvikksølv i krabber fanget ved vraket, lavere fire nautiske mil nord og aller lavest fire nautiske mil sør for vraket. Dette har også blitt observert tidligere hos krabbe. Gjennomsnittlig kvikksølvnivå i innmat av krabber fanget ved vraket av U-864 var relativt lavt i 2022 og relativt høyt i 2023, mens i klokjøtt var gjennomsnittlig kvikksølvnivå relativt lavt begge årene. Det er ikke grunnlag for å fastslå at det har vært noen nedgang eller økning i perioden overvåkingen har pågått. I klokjøtt var det ingen betydelig forskjell mellom de tre lokalitetene.Kvikksølv i sjømat ved U-864 - Resultater fra overvåkning i 2022 og 2023publishedVersio
Mareano 2024 leg 1 - Nordsjøtokt 2024007003
Get PDFTokt #20248003 (Mareanotokt 2024 Nordsjøen 1) ble gjennomført 08.03-20.03.2024 med FF Kronprins Haakon. Tre kartleggingsområder i Nordsjøen ble kartlagt med totalt 84 videostasjoner og syv fullstasjoner (hvorav en ufullstendig grunnet værforhold). 23 av stasjonene ble fullført i området Vestavind B, de resterende i områdenede Sørlige Nordsjø II og det tilstøtende NSJ-1. Fokusområdet for toktet var bunnkartlegging i områder aktuelle for utbygging av havvind og kartlegging av potensielle SVOer (særlig verdifulle områder). Det var stor tilstedeværelse av sjøfjær og begerkoraller i Vestavind B og finkornede sedimenter var det dominerende havbunssubstratet. Bunnforholdene sør i Nordsjøen var grunnere og mer sandholdig men noen steder dominert av morenemateriale, og stor utbredelse av bløtkoraller (Alcyonium) i enkelte områder.Mareano 2024 leg 1 - Nordsjøtokt 2024007003publishedVersio
Taxonomic and functional-trait metrics track recovery of demersal fish and shrimp communities following system collapse
Get PDFMonitoring programs that integrate both structural and functional ecosystem components play integral roles in ecosystem management and conservation planning. In the early 1990’s, the marine ecosystem of the waters surrounding Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) underwent a regime shift. Several demersal and pelagic fish stocks collapsed simultaneously, and this had significant ecological and socioeconomic consequences. As this regime shift impacted numerous commercial and non-commercial species, assessments based on individual species would be insufficient. We explored a variety of metrics that capture different facets of diversity across multiple species to provide a more robust ecosystem assessment. These were species richness, evenness, community-weighted means of maximum body length and trophic level (i.e., the mean maximum body size or trophic level of the species present in a community), and functional dispersion (FDis). The objectives of this study were 1) to assess trends in community structure of the NL demersal community during the post-collapse period (1995-2018), 2) explore how the various community-level metrics differ or are redundant, and 3) investigate how these metrics are associated with important covariates. Several metrics were redundant and displayed strongly positive, temporal trends being consistent with expectations for a recovery encompassing the entire demersal community. In particular, unweighted community-weighted means of body length and trophic level displayed nearly equal temporal patterns, showing increasing trends throughout the study period which were most prominent in the northern study area and within a limited depth range at the upper shelf break. Corresponding biomass-weighted metrics were also correlated with each other but only showed similar increasing tendencies after the first decade. In contrast, species richness did not show any temporal increase. Evenness and biomass-weighted FDis showed similar temporal patterns, decreasing during the first decade followed by strong increases during subsequent years, patterns that were directly linked to variation in Northern shrimp and Atlantic cod biomass. This study demonstrates how a variety of community metrics can provide insight into different aspects of the post-collapse recovery of the demersal community and help us better understand the complexity of the changes the ecosystem is undergoing.publishedVersio
Exploring Growth Patterns of Maurolicus muelleri across Three Northeast Atlantic Regions
Get PDFMaurolicus muelleri is an important component of mesopelagic ecosystems; nevertheless, we possess only limited knowledge about its biological features. We collected samples of M. muelleri from six scientific surveys between 2019 and 2021 in three geographical areas in the Northeast Atlantic waters (from South to North): the Bay of Biscay, the Celtic Sea, and the Norwegian Sea. Geographical variations in otolith growth, fish age, length, weight, and condition, as well as length–weight relationships and von Bertalanffy growth models (VBGMs), were investigated. Length-weight relationships revealed differences associated with the fish’s origin, paralleling the annual and daily otolith growth. VBGM parameters increased progressively northwards, in accordance with Bergmann’s rules. Fish length was positively related to the otolith radio, and Lee’s phenomenon was undetected. The impact of environmental variables, such as temperature and food availability, is debated, with these considered potential drivers of this variability. Populations may belong to separated units, either genetically or morphologically, representing differences in biological parameters as a signal of geographical divergence.publishedVersio
Raet national park - State of knowledge and management advice for conservation of biological diversity
No full textPå oppdrag for prosjektet «Bevar Raet» har av forskningsinstituttet utarbeidet en rapport om kunnskapsstatus for sjøområdene i og rundt Raet nasjonalpark. Formålet med rapporten er å bidra med et kunnskapsgrunnlag for at det marine økosystemet i Raet nasjonalpark kan gjenoppbygges til et robust nivå. Rapporten viser at Raet nasjonalpark per i dag kan klassifiseres som «ubeskyttet». Ut i fra dagens restriksjonsnivå kan det ikke forventes positive effekter på alders- og størrelsessammensetning, biomasse, biologisk mangfold samt robusthet mot klimaendringer. Raet nasjonalpark er derfor ikke regulert slik at det kan fungere etter hensikten med å bevare plantelivet, dyrelivet og naturtyper. Ved å dele opp Raet nasjonalpark i soner med ulik grad av beskyttelse (spesielt regulering av fiskeri) vil det være mulig å oppnå effektiv bevaring av naturmangfoldet. Samtidig bør det rettes økt fokus på vannkvalitet i indre kystområder, både med tanke på overvåkning og tiltak.Raet nasjonalpark — Kunnskap og råd for bevaring av marint naturmangfoldRaet national park - State of knowledge and management advice for conservation of biological diversitypublishedVersio
Oversikt over fiskeri- og prøvetaking i botnfisksektoren i 2023 — torsk, hyse (NØA), sei, blåkveite, pigghå og reker (Norskerenna og Skagerrak)
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Assessment of genetically modified maize 94804 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 (application GMFF-2022-10651/EFSA-Q-2023- 00106 (182))
Get PDFThe Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (VKM) has assessed an application for approval of the genetically modified maize MON 94804 for food and feed uses, import and processing in the EU. In accordance with an assignment specified by the Norwegian Food Safety Authority (NFSA) and the Norwegian Environment Agency (NEA), VKM assesses whether genetically modified organisms (GMOs) intended for the European market can pose risks to human or animal health, or the environment in Norway. VKM assesses the scientific documentation regarding GMO applications seeking approval for use of GMOs as food and feed, processing, or cultivation. The EU Regulation 1829/2003/EC (Regulation) covers living GMOs that fall under the Norwegian Gene Technology Act, as well as processed food and feed from GMOs (dead material) that fall under the Norwegian Food Act. The regulation is currently not part of the EEA agreement or implemented in Norwegian law. Norway conducts its own assessments of GMO applications in preparation for the possible implementation of the Regulation. In accordance with the assignment by NFSA and NEA, VKM assesses GMO applications during scientific hearings initiated by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), as well as after EFSA has published its own risk assessment of a GMO, up until EU member countries vote for or against approval in the EU Commission. The assignment is divided into three stages. (link) Maize MON 94804 MON 94804 is a genetically modified maize developed via Agrobacterium tumefaciens -mediated transformation of maize cells. Maize MON 94804 expresses a micro-RNA (miRNA) transcript, that leads to reduced levels of the hormone gibberellin in the plant. Gibberellin is involved in, i.a., plant stem elongation. Thus, maize MON 94804 plants grow shorter than other maize. The scientific documentation provided in the application for maize MON 94804 is adequate for risk assessment, and in accordance with EFSA guidance on risk assessment of genetically modified plants for use in food or feed. The VKM GMO panel does not consider the introduced modifications in maize MON 94804 to imply potential specific health or environmental risks in Norway, compared to EU-countries. The EFSA scientific Opinion is adequate also for Norwegian conditions. Therefore, a full risk assessment of maize MON 94804 was not performed by the VKM GMO Panel.Assessment of genetically modified maize 94804 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 (application GMFF-2022-10651/EFSA-Q-2023- 00106 (182))publishedVersio