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WORKSHOP MNT konferansen 2025: Praksis i disiplin og tverrfaglige studieprogram: Hva, hvorfor og hvordan?
No full text: I løpet av de siste tiårene har flere fagmiljø i høyere utdanning i Norge utviklet og etablert praksisemner for studenter innen disiplinfagene biologi og geologi, samt det tverrfaglige studiet fiskeri og havbruksvitenskap. I denne workshopen vil vi gjennomføre en interaktiv “Jigsaw aktivitet” for å presentere og diskutere erfaringer og forskningsresultater fra implementeringen av disse praksisemnene ved tre universitet i Norge. Vi vil diskutere funn fra vår forskning, inkludert bedriftenes perspektiver på samarbeid om praksis (Schneider et al., 2024), tidligere studenters syn på betydningen av praksis (Sundset et al., in prep), og praksisstudenters erfaringer når det gjelder faktorer som påvirker læring ute i praksis (Sandvoll et al., in prep). I tillegg vil vi dele våre samlede erfaringer som undervisere og administratorer av praksisemner i arbeidsrelevansprosjektene SAMPRAKSIS og DEVELOP. Deretter leder vi en delvis strukturert diskusjon med fokus på hvordan våre funn kan bidra til å fremme arbeidet med økt arbeidslivsrelevans i disiplinfaglig og flerfaglige studieprogram. Avslutningsvis vil vi demonstrere to konkrete, åpne digitale plattformer som vi har utviklet i samarbeid med studenter og praksispartnere. Disse plattformene er utviklet for å støtte samarbeidspartnere i bedrifter som veileder praksisstudenter fra universitetet.WORKSHOP MNT konferansen 2025: Praksis i disiplin og tverrfaglige studieprogram: Hva, hvorfor og hvordan?publishedVersio
Strengthening policy action to tackle social acceptability issues in European aquaculture
No full textDespite the rapid development of aquaculture worldwide, production has stagnated in Europe and North America, notwithstanding the public policies that support the sector. This stagnation may stem from the insufficient integration of social dimensions into aquaculture governance, often characterized by top-down policies and technology-driven approaches. While environmental, economic and social factors significantly influence the social acceptability of aquaculture, environmental impacts, such as habitat degradation and the spread of disease, have historically dominated regulatory frameworks. Today, low social acceptability appears to be the major obstacle to the sector's growth, highlighting shortcomings in terms of stakeholder engagement, transparency and fairness in the distribution of the benefits generated by the sector. This paper reflects the collective insights from the ICES Working Group on Social and Economic Dimensions of Aquaculture, emphasizing that challenges to social acceptability of aquaculture are widespread but context-dependent and remain insufficiently addressed in public policies related to aquaculture development. This paper recommends broadening governance beyond environmental concerns to include social and economic dimensions from the outset, strengthening public participation in decision-making processes and adopting holistic, socially informed marine spatial planning. In addition, it highlights the importance of recognizing the role of informal governance mechanisms and the production of meaningful social data as essential aspects to foster community acceptance and the sustainable development of aquaculture. Adapting aquaculture policies to local contexts through inclusive and adaptive governance is therefore essential to the sustainable growth of the sector.publishedVersio
Premises for digital twins reporting on Atlantic salmon wellbeing
Full text linkMany species of fish, birds and mammals commonly live in human captivity; Atlantic salmon Salmo salar is one of them. The international legal status of the welfare of captive animals is slowly developing and still requires rigorous specification. For example, even though fish have complex cognition and elements of sentience, The United Nations’ animal welfare principles still take a functional health-centred perspective overlooking the cognitive-affective component. Wellbeing problems remain a major source of slow growth and high mortality in intensive aquaculture of Atlantic salmon. The value system for decision making in vertebrates is based on expectations of emotional wellbeing for the options available and is linked with the individual’s assessment of its future. We propose a new approach for monitoring and improving the welfare of salmon (or any other captive or wild vertebrate) based on modelling the salmon’s wellbeing system by digital twins, which are simulation models that implement major bodily mechanisms of the organism. Indeed, predictions on boredom, stress and wellbeing can all be captured by a computational evolutionary model of the factors underlying behaviour. We explain how such an agent-based model of salmon digital twins can be constructed by modelling a salmon’s subjective wellbeing experience along with prediction of its near future and allostasis (the bodily preparation for the expected near future). We attempt to identify the building blocks required in digital twin models to deliver early warnings about escalating issues that could eventually lead to negative effects on salmon health in aquaculture. These models would provide critical insights for optimizing production processes and could significantly reduce the reliance on animal experiments. Overall, reports of a population of digital twins could support the implementation of 3Rs - replacement, reduction, refinement - by offering actionable information to fish farmers as well as consumers, voters, politicians and regulators on relevant issues as well as guide experimental work on animal wellbeing across species.publishedVersio
Five millennia of mitonuclear discordance in Atlantic bluefin tuna identified using ancient DNA
Full text linkMitonuclear discordance between species is readily documented in marine fishes. Such discordance may either be the result of past natural phenomena or the result of recent introgression from previously seperated species after shifts in their spatial distributions. Using ancient DNA spanning five millennia, we here investigate the long-term presence of Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) and albacore (Thunnus alalunga) -like mitochondrial (MT) genomes in Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus), a species with extensive exploitation history and observed shifts in abundance and age structure. Comparing ancient (n = 130) and modern (n = 78) Atlantic bluefin MT genomes from most of its range, we detect no significant spatial or temporal population structure, which implies ongoing gene flow between populations and large effective population sizes over millennia. Moreover, we identify discordant MT haplotypes in ancient specimens up to 5000 years old and find that the frequency of these haplotypes has remained similar through time. We therefore conclude that MT discordance in the Atlantic bluefin tuna is not driven by recent introgression. Our observations provide oldest example of directly observed MT discordance in the marine environment, highlighting the utility of ancient DNA to obtain insights in the long-term persistence of such phenomena.publishedVersio
Towards an integrative morpho-molecular classification of the Lulworthiomycetidae
Full text linkThis study re-evaluates the classification of the Lulworthiomycetidae based on phylogenetic analyses of 18S, 28S and ITS (internal transcribed spacers and 5.8S) regions of rDNA and protein coding genes (TEF1α, RPB1, RPB2, TUB2, MCM7) along with comprehensive morphological comparisons. Based on the current phylogenetic data we consider the genus Spathulospora as a member of the Lulworthiales, Lulworthiomycetidae, and redundancy of the taxon Spathulosporales. This study confirms Lulworthia as polyphyletic with the characteristic filiform, long ascospores with an end chamber, which is found in many genera: Halazoon, Halophilomyces, Lulwoana, Lulwoidea, Matsusporium, Paralulworthia, Paramoleospora, Rostrupiella, and Sammeyersia. These genera can be distinguished by morphology, their asexual morphs and molecular phylogeny. The Lulworthiomycetidae includes 23 genera and 69 species. One new genus (Lindriella) and eight new species (Hydea mangrovei, Lulworthia norwegica, Matsusporium japonica, Moromyces mangrovis, Paralulworthia lignicola, Rostrupiella longispora, Sammeyersia yanbuensis, S. thailandica) are introduced, with four new combinations.publishedVersio
Assessment of genetically modified maize DP51291 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 (Application GMFF-2021-0071/EFSA-Q-2023- 00051 (179))
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Interaction between dietary saturated fatty acids and cholesterol on mineral and fatty acid availability and postprandial lipids absorption kinetics in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Full text linkAtlantic salmon (Salmo salar) with an initial weight of approximately 160 g were fed with one of four experimental diets containing low / high levels of saturated fatty acids (SFA, 10 % vs. 24 % of total fatty acid) / cholesterol (CHO, 200 vs. 2400 mg kg−1) in a 2 × 2 design, lasting for 3 months. Plasma samples were collected at 7 postprandial time points (0 h–35.5 h) after 50 days of feeding, and fish were sampled at the end of the trial. Results showed that the increased SFA level in the feed significantly increased the whole-body selenium and iron concentrations. However, whole-body zinc status was neither affected by dietary SFA nor CHO. Additionally, increased SFA level in feed significantly increased the postprandial plasma CHO, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and total protein levels. Also, increased CHO level in feed increased the postprandial plasma astaxanthin, CHO, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and LDL levels. However, analyzed markers related to intestinal triacylglycerol transport were not affected by dietary SFA. Due to dramatic reductions of SFA and CHO in plant-based feed, understanding their nutritional function in Salmo salar is important for the aquaculture industry.publishedVersio
Field trials using pingers in the winter cod fishery in 2024
Full text linkDenne rapporten beskriver og oppsummer resultatene fra forsøk med akustiske alarmer (pingere) for å redusere bifangst av nise i kommersielle garnfiskerier, som oppfølging til et lignende forsøk fra 2018-2020. Fra januar til april 2024 gjennomførte tolv fiskere 308 fisketurer, hvorav 129 var med pingere. Totalt ble det tatt 34 niser, hvorav mesteparten (25 stk, eller 73%) ble tatt i garn uten pingere. Bifangstraten av nise, kontrollert for fartøyeffekt og fiskeinnsats (målt som produktet av garnlenkas lengde og ståtid) var 0.056 niser per garn-km-døgn (95% CI 0.040 – 0.085) i garn uten pingere og 0.026 niser per garn-km-døgn (95% konfidensintervall 0.012 – 0.057) i garn med pingere. Dette viser at bifangstraten av nise i garn med pingere var 54% lavere i garn med pingere enn i garn uten pingere (95% konfidensintervall 33 – 70%). Dette estimatet på effekten av pingere på bifangstraten av nise er vesentlig lavere enn det tilsvarende estimatet fra forrige forsøk, og kan muligens forklares av for lite data, bruk av agnposer, feilkilder i rapporteringen eller tilvenning av niser til lyden av pingere. Heft/mertid ved bruk av pingere var lav, ca. 2 min per garnhal. Bruk av agnposer ser ut til å ha avhjulpet praktiske sider av pingerbruk, men flere fisker opplevde mekanisk skade/knusing av pingeren og innvasing av pingeren i garnlinet.Forsøk med pingere i skreifisket i Vestfjorden i 2024Field trials using pingers in the winter cod fishery in 2024publishedVersio
Quantification of vitamin K (phylloquinone and menaquinones 4-10) in various shellfish
Full text linkVitamin K exists naturally in foods as phylloquinone (vitamin K1, PK) and as a range of menaquinones (vitamin K2, MK). There is scarce information on the occurrence and distribution of PK and MK in dietary sources, particularly in seafood. This study aimed to comprehensively analyse the contents of vitamin K1, dihydro-K1, and MK-4 to MK-10 in various species, tissue types and processing degrees of shellfish. Additionally, seasonal differences in the vitamin K content of blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) were explored. Most shellfish products had low contents of total vitamin K (< 10 µg/100 g). The highest content of total vitamin K was found in the hepatopancreas of snow crab (170 µg/100 g), the brown meat of brown crab (35 µg/100 g), pre-packaged blue mussels (20 µg/100 g), stuffed brown crab shells (15 µg/100 g) and blue mussels in brine (12 µg/100 g). In general, the hepatopancreas of crustaceans contained considerably higher contents of vitamin K than their white meat counterparts. MK contributed most to total vitamin K contents, whereas most shellfish products contained low contents of PK, thus making only a minor contribution to the adequate intake established for adults. No statistically significant differences were observed in PK and MK contents of blue mussels sampled during spring v. late summer (P < 0·005). Nevertheless, a non-significant trend of increasing vitamin K content was observed towards the autumn months. This study presents novel vitamin K data for shellfish, an unexplored food group, and adds to the scarce vitamin K composition data worldwide.publishedVersio
The future Barents Sea—A synthesis of physical, biogeochemical, and ecological changes toward 2050 and 2100
Full text linkThe Barents Sea is a hotspot for ongoing Arctic climate change, manifested in a rapid warming of the ocean and the atmosphere and a strong decline of the winter sea-ice cover. These changes in the physical environment have large consequences for marine ecosystems, including commercial fish populations. In a warmer future climate, both physical and ecological changes are expected to intensify. Here, we provide a first comprehensive overview of future climate change projections for the Barents Sea, and the associated physical, biogeochemical, and ecological consequences based on climate models and end-to-end ecosystem models. We also discuss potential future changes in human activities and their impacts, including changes in shipping activity and contaminants. We analyze results for two time horizons—the near-future (2040–2050) and the far-future (2090–2100)—and for two different emission scenarios: one with moderate future greenhouse gas emissions (SSP2-4.5) and one high-emission scenario (SSP5-8.5). The projections show that the future Barents Sea will be warmer, less ice-covered, more acidic, and more productive, with fish populations and spawning sites moving northward. There are small differences in multi-model mean physical and biogeochemical projections between the two emission scenarios by 2050, while large scenario differences emerge toward the end of the century. The implications of these results are far-reaching, including identifying the sensitivity of ecosystem change to future emissions, informing regional management strategies, and potentially identifying needs for adaptation to changes already likely to occur.publishedVersio