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Barn som pårørende: hvordan ivareta barn som pårørende til en forelder med psykisk lidelse?
Get PDFFor at sykepleiere skal kunne inkludere barn som pårørende på en tilfredsstillende måte, er tilstrekkelig kunnskap, tid og ressurser avgjørende. Det er viktig å etablere gode relasjoner og dialog mellom sykepleieren og barnet for å mestre dette arbeidet på en best mulig måte
Hva sier forskning om ungdoms erfaringer og tanker om seksualundervisning?
Get PDFInnledning: Seksualundervisning har lang tradisjon i norske skoler og er en del av læreplanverket til grunnskolen. Seksualundervisning er et viktig forebyggende tiltak. Gjennom seksualundervisning kan helsesykepleier bidra med kunnskap som gir unge handlingskompetanse til å ivareta sin seksuelle helse. Oppgavens hensikt er å undersøke hva forskning sier om ungdoms erfaringer og tanker om seksualundervisning.
Metode: En litteraturstudie med systematisk litteratursøk i databaser.
Resultat: To kvalitative forskningsartikler og en oversiktsartikkel ble inkludert. Ungdoms positive og negative erfaringer med seksualundervisning, i tillegg til ønsker for seksualundervisning ble identifisert. Ungdom føler at det er for mye fokus på risiko og moralske aspekter ved seksualundervisning, og ønsker seg mer kunnskap om mangfold og gleden ved seksualitet. Ungdom er opptatt av å få oppklarende svar på spørsmålene sine og bli møtt med respekt, og ønsker undervisning av fagpersoner som ikke er lærere.
Konklusjon: Litteraturgjennomgangen identifiserte ungdoms positive og negative erfaringer med seksualundervisning, i tillegg til ungdoms ønsker for fremtidig seksualundervisning. Ungdom opplever seksualundervisning som viktig, og er opptatt av å lære om seksualitet. Ungdom ønsker mer undervisning og et større fokus på gledene ved seksualitet, da de opplever at det kan bli mye oppmerksomhet på negative aspekter som uønsket graviditet og kjønnssykdommer. Ungdom er opptatt av å bli møtt med forståelse og respekt, og få god informasjon og undervisning. Ungdom foretrakk å få seksualundervisning av helsesykepleier. Funnene i denne litteraturgjennomgangen bekrefter helsesykepleier viktige rolle inn i skolens seksualundervisning
Støttepersonells erfaringer med å tilrettelegge for at barn med autisme skal ta del i barnehagehverdagen. En kvalitativ studie
Get PDFHvilke erfaringer har støttepersonell med å tilrettelegge for at barn med autisme skal ta del i barnehagehverdagen? I Norge har 93,4 prosent av alle barn i alder ett til fem år plass i barnehagen (Statistisk sentralbyrå, 2022). I barnehagen står deltakerfelleskap høyt, og barnehagens samfunnsmandat er å ivareta barnas behov for lek, omsorg, samt å fremme læring og danning (Kunnskapsdepartementet, 2017). Norge har sluttet seg til flere internasjonale avtaler og konvensjoner som FNs barnekonvensjon (FN, 1991) og Salamanca erklæringen (UNESCO, 1994). Disse gir barn som mottar spesialpedagogisk hjelp rett til å bli en del av et inkluderende utdanningstilbud. For barn med autismespekterforstyrrelse vil barnehagens rammer innebære både utfordringer og muligheter. Varierende kvalitet på tjenestetilbudet kan utfordre utviklingsmulighetene, hvorav tidlig innsats og autismefaglig kompetanse blir trukket frem som avgjørende for å lykkes med gode resultater (de Ruiter et al., 2016).
Støttepersonell har som særskilt oppgave å gi individuell støtte til enkelt barn, for å sikre at barnet nyttiggjør seg av barnehagetilbudet. Denne studien har som hensikt å belyse perspektiver fra barnehagepraksis som kan bidra til å fremme et inkluderende miljø for barn med autisme. I studien har jeg samlet datamateriale fra fire personer med lang erfaring som støttepersonell for barn med autisme i barnehagen.
Studien finner at hvordan barnehagen er organisert, samt holdninger, relasjonsmønstre og samarbeidsferdigheter har en betydning for arbeidet støttepersonell har med å tilrettelegge for at barn med autisme tar del i barnehagehverdag på en helhetlig måte. Det fordrer at barnehagens administrasjon og øvrig personale praktiserer og anerkjenner inkluderende og spesialpedagogiske prinsipper i sitt allmennpedagogiske arbeid. Samtidig viser studien at konstellasjonen av støttepersonell kan skape barrierer i arbeidet. I barnehager hvor støttepersonalet ble en del av et praksisfellesskap, opplevde de økt mestring i arbeidet med å legge til rette for at barn med autisme kunne ta del i barnehagehverdagen
Stable or unstable associations between learning environment factors, study approaches and exam grades: cross-sectional analyses across two consecutive program years
Get PDFStudies into the relationships between learning environment perceptions, approaches to studying, and academic outcomes have largely followed cross-sectional designs. As a result, knowledge is sparse with regards to whether, or to what degree, the established associations are consistent across years of study. This study aimed to (i) examine associations between occupational therapy students’ academic performance, their approaches to studying and perceptions of the learning environment, while in their second and third years of study, and (ii) evaluate the consistency of the results across years of study. Occupational therapy students in Norway were assessed annually with regards to their perceptions of the learning environment, study approaches, and academic performance. Associations between variables, measured within each study year, were analyzed with linear regression analyses, and then compared year-overyear. In the second study year (n=162), better academic performance was associated with lower student autonomy, and higher scores on strategic approach. In the third study year (n=189), better academic performance was associated with being female and lower scores on surface approach. Having occupational therapy as the preferred line of education at enrollment was associated with better grades in both study years. Associations between grades and gender, perceptions of student autonomy, and study approaches were somewhat different between the two years. Implications for educational practice is discussed and various contents and emphasis in educational programs are proposed.publishedVersio
Patients with severe mental illness and the ethical challenges related to confidentiality during family involvement: a scoping review
Get PDFThis is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.Background: Despite evidence on the significant potential value of family involvement during the treatment of patients with severe mental illness, research has shown that family involvement is largely underused. The duty of confidentiality is reported to be a key barrier to family involvement. To develop more insight into this barrier, this scoping review focuses on the following question: What are the reported ethical challenges related to confidentiality when involving family in the treatment of patients with severe mental illness?
Methods: A systematic search into primary studies was conducted using the following databases: Medline (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), and Web of Science core collection (Clarivate). The PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) scheme and qualitative content analysis were used to make the ethical challenges more explicit.
Results: Twelve studies—both qualitative and quantitative—were included. We identified the following main categories of ethical challenges: (1) the best interest of family members vs. confidentiality, (2) the patient’s best interest vs. the right to confidentiality, (3) patient trust and alliance as a reason not to involve the relatives or not to share information, and (4) using confidentiality as a smokescreen. We also identified several subcategories and illustrative and concrete examples of ethical challenges.
Conclusions: Through a systematic examination, we discovered various types of ethical challenges related to confidentiality when involving the family in the treatment of patients with severe mental illness. However, research on these ethical challenges and the constituents of these challenges remains limited and often implicit. An ethical analysis will create knowledge which may facilitate a more balanced and nuanced approach to respecting the principle of confidentiality while also considering other moral principles. The duty of confidentiality does not always have to be a major barrier to family involvement; this insight and using this ethical analysis in the training of healthcare professionals may benefit the patient, the family, and the services.publishedVersio
Adaptation and validation of the arabic version of the university student engagement inventory (A-USEI) among sport and physical education students
Get PDFThis article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/license s/by/4.0/).The present study validated the University Student Engagement Inventory (USEI) in the Arabic language (A) by assessing its factor structure, construct validity, reliability, and concurrent validity. A total of 864 Tunisian Physical Education and Sport students provided data which was used to perform exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, using samples comprising 366 (aged 19–25 years) and 498 (aged 19–26 years) students, respectively. The A-USEI, grade-point average (GPA), and Physical Education Grit (PE–Grit) scales were completed via online surveys. The exploratory factor analysis revealed that the A-USEI had three dimensions. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the second-order model was more suitable than the first-order multi-factor model. Using the indicators for the second-order model, the three factors showed good reliability, with their average variance extracted (AVE) values reflecting sufficient validity. The correlation analyses between the two scales’ scores and the A-USEI scores showed a moderate correlation, confirming the adapted scale’s concurrent validity. The study concludes that A-USEI is a valid tool for assessing student engagement among Arabic students. In addition, the practical implications and directions for future research are discussed.publishedVersio
“I am accustomed to something in my body causing pain”: A qualitative study of knee replacement non-improvers’ stories of previous painful and stressful experiences
Get PDFThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.Background: Approximately 20% of total knee arthroplasty patients experience persistent postsurgical pain one year after surgery. No qualitative studies have explored previous stories of painful or stressful life experiences in patients experiencing persistent postsurgical pain after total knee replacement. This study aimed to explore stories of previous painful or stressful experiences in life in a cohort of patients that reported no improvement in pain one year after total knee arthroplasty.
Methods: The study employed an explorative-descriptive qualitative design. Data was collected through semistructured interviews five to seven years after surgery, with patients who reported no improvement in pain-related interference with walking 12 months after total knee replacement. The data was analyzed using qualitative content analysis.
Results: The sample consisted of 13 women and 10 men with a median age of 67 years at the time of surgery. Prior to surgery, six reported having at least one chronic illness and 16 reported having two or more painful sites. Two main themes were identified in the data analysis: Painful years - the burden of living with long lasting pain, and the burden of living with psychological distress.
Conclusions: The participants had severe longlasting knee pain as well as longlasting pain in other locations, in addition to experiences of psychologically stressful life events before surgery. Health personnel needs to address the experience and perception of pain and psychological struggles, and how it influences patients’ everyday life including sleeping routines, work- and family life as well as to identify possible vulnerability for persistent postsurgical pain. Identifying and assessing the challenges enables personalized care and support, such as advice on pain management, cognitive support, guided rehabilitation, and coping strategies both pre-and post-surgery.publishedVersio
When God sends the plague – in the Old Testament. A Semantic Analysis
Get PDFDenne artikkelen er publisert med åpen tilgang (open access) under vilkårene tilCreative Commons CC BY 4.0-lisensen (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Det hebraiske ordet דֶּבֶר blir i Bibel 2011 gjengitt med «pest». Ein semantisk analyse viser at ordet ikkje har tydingar som refererer til smittsam sjukdom, men til brå død. I somme tekstar er ordet tilnærma synonymt til Resjef og Qeter, som i utanomisraelittiske tekstar refererer til guddomar eller demonar. Også i den hebraiske teksten ligg ei slik forståing av דֶּבֶר nær, og det ville difor vera omsetjingsteknisk på sin plass å søkja andre gjengivingar av det hebraiske ordet.publishedVersio
The contribution of preaching for the betterment of the standard of living of the poor in the district of Fandriana- Madagascar.
Get PDFThis study investigates on the contribution of preaching to the betterment of the socio economic lives of the poor in the district of Fandriana-Madagascar. Bevans’ anthropological and praxis models of contextual theology, semi-overt participant observation were conducted. Our analysis shows a close relation between divine and human actions, and between the rich and the poor in society. Preaching should be the proclamation of Jesus and about Jesus as good news to the poor. Malagasy wisdom, recorded in the Malagasy proverbs, are the seeds already in the ground allowing a good understanding of a preaching for the betterment of the socio-economic conditions of the poor. We conclude that the call for the possibility of an earthly social justice, the proclamation of God’s Words and action for a human behaviour change that which attenuate the system of exploitation within the society as initiation of the positive social change, and a call for diaconal works within the holistic mission of the church are and should be the contribution of preaching in the improvement of the standard of living of poor in Fandriana. It is worth noticing that social justice, positive social change and diakonia need actions per se to complete the positive transformation process of the society
Learning from persons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities: An ethnographic study exploring self-determination and ethics of professional relations
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or by any means, without permission.Persons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) are often excluded both from research and several areas of society. These people depend on others in all matters, relying on care that often involves professional services. There are challenges embedded in providing services for persons with PIMD, connected to embodied and dependent ways of being. For instance, abuse of power and ignorance can occur due to dependence on one from the other in the relationship, and also practices not ensuring the person’s value as a human being. One basic demonstration of humanity is the entitlement to human rights. This thesis puts a lens on the human right to experience self-determination, recognizing that this right is often violated in the case of persons with PIMD. An exploration of self-determination is seen as an adequate entrance to broader questions regarding professional practices and how they should be conducted in the context of persons with PIMD. To explore such issues, the person with PIMD should be included, with knowledge grounded in their perspectives. This thesis seeks to shed light on the overall question: What can we learn from persons with PIMD about self-determination and ethics in professional relations?
An ethnography was chosen as method, involving observations of three persons with PIMD interacting with their care professionals, and focusing on the professional relationship. The data material consists of close observations, with the use of filming in some delimited situations, and interviews with the professionals and family. This study method is informed by phenomenological intents to stay close to the first-person perspective, engaging with embodied communication; elements from sensory ethnography and infant observation have thus been useful. The theoretical framework applied when engaging with the data consists of three philosophers: Kittay, Lindemann, and Stein.
The thesis' three articles explore the case of self-determination from three angles: the theoretical, practical, and methodological. Starting out with a psychological understanding of self-determination as the congruence between behaviour and one’s preferences and values, the thesis suggests a theoretical rethinking of the concept, moving beyond the traditional understanding to involve independent choice-making. The ethnography suggests that self-determination unfolds within partnerships with the professional, engaging with self-determination as an ongoing process of being understood through one's embodied communication. Building upon this understanding, the thesis further explores how self-determination can be ensured and practiced within professional relations. It is suggested that, to facilitate another's self-determination, one must be able to hold that person in identity; this involves professionals being capable of holding the other. To hold another is suggested possible through professionals being enabled to grasp the person’s identity through embodied empathy and through involvement with the person. The thesis further explores how knowledge can be built in ways that value persons with PIMD as subjects of knowledge, exploring the possibilities in empathy. This is relevant both in the concrete case of ensuring self-determination but also, on a more general level, on how to include the perspective of persons with PIMD. It is argued that persons with PIMD hold competencies regarding embodied being and affective language, as well as ambiguous communication and dependency relations—all of which motivate the empathic process.
The thesis argues that self-determination must be understood as a profound and multiple phenomena, involving a broadening in understanding both on how meaning is communicated and understood and how the phenomenon is experienced. Self-determination can be communicated and understood through verbal and rational insights as well as through the embodied and non-rational, and can involve both independent choice-making and being understood within dependency relations. Such broadenings come with the implication that self-determination is made relevant for more people, including those dependent and portraying embodied ways of being. Further, it involves a messier concept, putting high demands on the professional, leading to a discussion on what can be learned from persons with PIMD about the ethics of professional relations. Departing from the ethnography, and moving into a dialogue with the theoretical framework, it is argued that ethics should be based on the particular and complex, rather than on the universal, and on notions of dependence and otherness, rather than independence, and the embodied and ambiguous rather than relying solely on the rational. As a contribution from this thesis, an ethics of holding is suggested as a way of meeting the comprehensive and demanding ethical task involved in caring for persons with PIMD—arguing for emotional holding, embodied holding, and holding-together. The thesis contributes with methodological attempts to move closer to the perspective of the person in question, applying methods sensitive to the epistemic resource of feelings when understanding the other. The study combines an optimistic understanding on the possibilities of relying on the immediate understanding of another's embodied communication, with sceptical notions of what is not understood. Suggestions through empathic understanding should not be taken for representing the ‘truth’, but hopefully it might motivate others to engage directly and learn from persons with PIMD. Such encounters can provide us with essentials relevant for understanding humanity.
Paper I: Skarsaune, S.N, Hanisch, H.M & Gjermestad, A. (2021). Self-Determination: What can we Learn from Persons with Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities? Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, 23(1), 317-32. https://doi.org/0.16993/sjdr.830
Paper II: Skarsaune, S.N. & Hanisch, H.M (2023). Holding and Professional Care – On Self-Determination for Persons with Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities. Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 48 (1), 25-40. https://doi.org/10.1177/1540796923115357
Paper III: Skarsaune, S. N. (2023b) Persons with Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities as Subjects of Knowledge – Exploring the Possibilities of Empathy (Manuscript submitted for publication). In reviewpublishedVersio