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A living church across the earth – and also in Europe! Report on an evaluation of four NMS-led church planting projects in Europe
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Å jobbe med relasjoner og vold. En Tematisk analyse over helsepersonells erfaringer
Get PDFHensikten med studien var å utforske helsepersonell sine erfaringer rundt det med vold og trusler, samt relasjonsarbeid.
Bakgrunn: Avmakt er en grunnleggende årsak til vold og trusler, og vi alle har et iboende behov for og ønske om trygghet. Det å jobbe med psykisk syke og ruspåvirkning er meget krevende, og en står i mange etiske utfordringer. Og helsepersonell er en yrkesgruppe som ofte utsettes for vold og trusler. Hvordan en håndterer en hendelse kan påvirke om det eskalerer eller forhindre at det går fra utskjelling til fysisk vold. Og hvordan påvirker dette helsepersonalet når det ikke får støtte fra ledelsen eller sine arbeidskolleger.
Metode: Studien er kvalitativ med en fenomenologiske- hermeneutiske overbygning. Det ble gjennomført fem intervjuer med helsepersonell som representere to like avdelinger i Norge. Begge avdelingene er rettet mot eldre som har en somatisk lidelse, samt et rusproblem og psykisk syke pasienter.
Funn: Resultatet viser til kunnskap, støtte fra ledelse, kollegastøtte og ansattes holdninger.
Konklusjon: For å kunne jobbe forebyggende med voldsarbeids, så er det viktig med et klar og tydelige lederskap. Og at de burde ha erfaringer innenfor rusfeltet
A qualitative hermeneutical understanding of spiritual care in old age when living in a nursing home: The residents' voices
Get PDFThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.Aim: To explore and gain a broader understanding of residents' viewpoints and experiences of spiritual care when living in a nursing home.
Design: A qualitative hermeneutical interview study inspired by Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics.
Methods: Thirty-eight individual interviews of 14 male and 24 female residents; of these, 24 had a dementia diagnosis. The setting was one large Norwegian nursing home providing long-term care. FACIT-Sp-12 was used as a guide for the interview, in addition to two open-ended questions about thriving and spiritual care.
Findings: The older residents' voices portray a broad and diverse understanding of spiritual care, and four themes emerged: (1) Spiritual at-homeness, (2) Spiritual awareness, (3) Philosophy of life and (4) Interconnectedness.
Conclusion: Accepting one's life situation in a nursing home can foster a feeling of belonging, leading to feeling more at-home. Spiritual well-being, including finding purpose, spiritual awareness, and beliefs, was found to be interconnected with spiritual at-homeness in the nursing home.
Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care: This study provides insights into older nursing home residents' viewpoints on spiritual care, including persons living with dementia.
Impact: The study addressed the limited evidence regarding how older residents themselves experience and express spiritual care. Listening to older nursing home residents' voices provides a unique contribution to the research field. As several individuals with dementia contributed to the findings, this study mirrors the current population of residents in nursing homes. The findings may inform healthcare provision and policymakers and impact upon spiritual care in the field of older people nursing and dementia care services.
Reporting Method: The COREQ guideline.
Patient or Public Contribution: Participation through interviews of nursing home residents.publishedVersio
God does not work in us without us: On the understanding of Divine–Human Cooperation in the thought of Martin Luther
Get PDFThis work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.Roman-Catholic scholars tend to interpret Luther’s emphasis on the exteriority of salvation as a critique of the goodness of creation. Through an analysis of De servo arbitrio, this article shows this to be wrong. While emphasizing the unconditionality of God’s work in both creation and salvation, Luther still insists that humans are created in God’s image as his co-operators, thus repeating the divine lordship over creation. This is further emphasized in other works that go beyond De servo arbitrio in finding Christology to be a key to the relationship between God and humans. Luther thus has an integrated understanding of all aspects of human life as the area of divine creation and should not be seen as a forerunner of a modern, secularized worldview. This role rather belongs to Erasmus, who insists that God stands idly by while humans make up their minds about how to live their lives.publishedVersio
Patients' and nurses' experiences of caring in nursing: An integrative literature review across clinical practices
Get PDFAim: To summarise, interpret and synthesize research findings on patients' and nurses' experiences of caring in nursing across clinical practices.
Background: Caring is a universal element of nursing; however, economic restrictions often negatively impact health services, and time shortages and limited numbers of staff may characterize care encounters. It is unclear how these contextual conditions affect patients' and nurses' experiences of caring.
Design and Methods: This integrative literature review covers papers published between 2000 and 2022. Four databases—PubMed, PsycINFO (via Ovid), MEDLINE (via Ovid) and CINAHL (via EBSCO)—were systematically searched for eligible papers in May 2022. The included studies were critically appraised. Content analysis was performed to interpret and synthesize the findings. In accordance with the EQUATOR guidelines, the PRISMA 2020 and PRISMA-S checklists were used. An Integrative review methodology guided the process.
Findings: In total, 33 studies were included in the review. Three themes captured the experiences of caring in nursing: (1) the complexity of the nursing care context, (2) the professionalism of the nurse, and (3) the trusting patient–nurse relationship.
Conclusion: The experience of caring in nursing depended on nurses' competence and discretion in the personal encounter framed by the nursing context. The caring relationship was based on reciprocity, but it remains asymmetrical, as the nurse had the power and responsibility to empower the patient. Barriers, such as increased demands for efficiency and resource scarcity, may hinder the experience of caring in nursing.
Implications for the profession and patient care: By promoting an ongoing discussion of caring in nursing, nurse management can systematically support nurses in reflecting on their practice in diverse and complex clinical contexts.
Patient or public contribution: No patient or public contribution was made due to the study designpublishedVersio
Christianity and other religions. How should one view other religions from a Christian perspective?
Get PDFHow should one view other religions from a Christian perspective? In my thesis I look at three central theologians, who each belong to one of the main approaches to other religions. Hick belongs to the pluralist approach, Rahner to the inclusivist approach, and Kraemer to the exclusivist approach. Each of Hick, Rahner and Kraemer’s view is presented, based on their particular work. Their view is then analyzed according to the criteria of Tomas Nygren, which are Bible, coherence, and relevance. The Bible criterion is the most important one, in finding a Christian approach to other religions.
I have found that these three theologians view other religions quite differently. Hick sees other religions as worshipping the same God as the Christian does and views other religions as valid paths to salvation. Rahner views other religions as containing grace and supernatural elements on account of Christ. He claims that one can have a saving relationship with God through these other religions until the gospel becomes a real historical factor in one´s history and culture. Rahner claims that there is only one salvation, and this is the salvation in Christ. Kraemer says that Jesus is the revelation in his own person and is thus different than the founders in the other religions. He views other religions as a quest for self-justification, self-redemption, and self-sanctification, and stresses Jesus being universal. Kraemer says that other religions are essentially in error, but that one should look for God having revealed himself in other religions, as well as searching for demonic elements.
Hick´s work is the least Biblical. He has strong inner coherence but is irrelevant for the Christian fellowship. He is however relevant for the culture. Rahner´s view is more biblical than Hick, however he goes further than the Bible, and his work cannot be rooted in the Bible. Some is also contrary to the Bible. Rahner lacks inner coherence and is irrelevant for both the culture and the Christian fellowship in speaking of anonymous Christians. Kraemer uses most biblical material, and mostly uses it in a good way. He can be critiqued on a few points when it comes to inner coherence. Kraemer is of relevance for the Christian fellowship, however, fails to be of relevance for the culture. Jesus is different than the founders in the other religions by being the revelation in his own person, and other religions should be viewed as self-justification
Et stykke av kaka : Verdiforskjeller mellom brasilianere og nordmenn i det multinasjonale energiselskapet Equinor
Get PDFMaster's thesis MIKA. VID Specialized University, Stavanger, May 2023We live in a world of constant change. We are talking about an increasingly globalized world, where the world is more intertwined, and we are more dependent on each other. With several multinational companies also business and working life have become more globalized and interwoven. And the context of this thesis is the multinational working life. The focus is on value differences in a global working environment, and the research question is how Brazilian Equinor employees experience working with Norwegians in the multinational energy company Equinor. I have used a phenomenological and hermeneutic approach with in-depth interviews of seven Equinor employees in Brazil to answer the research question.
The findings in this research confirm what several theories also suggest, that we as humans carry with us some values from the culture or country we were born into or identify with. Although there are large individual differences between people when it comes to values, theories point to the fact that there are nevertheless some common features that stand out in different countries. These cultural values influence, among other things, how we prefer society to be organized, how we carry out our work, and how we interact with other people. When people from different cultures and with different values interact, the differences in values can have different results.
This master’s thesis is focusing particularly on how employees in Brazil experience a working environment that is largely characterized by Norwegian values in Equinor. The findings show that the Brazilian employees experience differences in values between Brazilians and Norwegians in their work environment in three main areas: leadership, communication and interaction. When it comes to management, the participants describe a workplace with a flat structure, a low degree of control, a high degree of trust, partial naivety and a clear distinction between work and leisure time. They experience communication with Norwegians as direct, formal, quiet, paternalistic, and with less use of body language. When they describe their interaction with Norwegians, it emerges that they see their Norwegian colleagues as structured, task-focused, committed, team-focused, less social, but with great acceptance of differences and diversity.
The work environment consisting of Brazilians and Norwegians is largely characterized by Norwegian values. The Brazilians try to adapt to a more Norwegian way of doing things, and they also appreciate many of the Norwegian values in the company they work for. There are some adjustments both ways, especially among colleagues who have worked for a longer time in the company. The Brazilians work more like Norwegians, and Norwegians adapt, and partly acquire a more Brazilian way of doing things. The paternalistic nature of Norwegian culture probably contributes to the fact that the participants still have the perception that Norwegians see their values as «more correct» than others. For a multinational company like Equinor, this can be an obstacle to be perceived as global.Vi lever i en verden i konstant endring. Vi snakker om en stadig mer globalisert verden, hvor verden er mer sammenvevd, og vi er mer avhengige av hverandre. Med flere multinasjonale selskaper er også arbeidslivet blitt mer globalisert og sammenvevd, og konteksten i denne masteroppgaven er nettopp det multinasjonale arbeidslivet. Fokuset er rettet mot verdiforskjeller i et globalt kollegium, og forskningsspørsmålet er; Hvordan opplever brasilianske Equinor-ansatte å jobbe med nordmenn i det multinasjonale energiselskapet Equinor? Jeg har brukt en fenomenologisk og hermeneutisk tilnærming med dybdeintervju av syv Equinor-ansatte i Brasil for å finne svar på problemstillingen.
Funnene i dette prosjektet bekrefter det flere teorier også utdyper, at vi som mennesker har med oss noen verdier fra den kulturen eller nasjonen vi er født i, eller identifiserer oss med. Selv om det er store individuelle forskjeller blant mennesker når det kommer til verdier, peker teorier på at det likevel er noen fellestrekk som utpeker seg i ulike nasjoner. Disse kulturelle verdiene farger blant annet hvordan vi foretrekker at samfunnet er organisert, hvordan vi utfører arbeidet vårt, og hvordan vi samhandler med andre mennesker. Når mennesker fra ulike kulturer og med ulike verdier samhandler, kan verdiforskjellene gi ulike utslag.
Dette masterprosjektet fokuserer spesielt på hvordan ansatte i Brasil opplever å arbeide i et kollegium som i stor grad er preget av norske verdier i Equinor. Funnene viser at de brasilianske ansatte opplever verdiforskjeller mellom brasilianere og nordmenn i kollegiet innen tre hovedområder: ledelse, kommunikasjon og samhandling. Når det kommer til ledelse beskriver deltakerne en arbeidsplass med flat struktur, lav grad av kontroll, høy grad av tillit, delvis naivitet og et tydelig skille mellom arbeid og fritid. De opplever kommunikasjonen til nordmenn som direkte, formell, stille, paternalistisk, og med mindre bruk av kroppsspråk enn de selv er vant til. Når de beskriver samhandlingen med nordmenn kommer det frem at de ser på sine norske kollegaer som strukturerte, oppgavefokusert, forpliktet, teamfokusert, mindre sosiale, men med stor aksept for forskjellighet og mangfold.
I kollegiet sammensatt av brasilianere og nordmenn er arbeidsfellesskapet i stor grad preget av norske verdier, brasilianerne forsøker å tilpasse seg en mer norsk måte å gjøre ting på, og de verdsetter også mange av de norske verdiene i selskapet de arbeider for. Det skjer noe tilpassing begge veier i kollegiet, spesielt blant kollegaer som har jobbet over lengre tid i selskapet. Brasilianerne tilpasser seg nordmenn, og nordmenn tilpasser seg og tilegner seg også til dels en mer brasiliansk fremtoning. Det paternalistiske i den norske kulturen er trolig medvirkende til at deltakerne likevel har en oppfatning av at nordmenn ser på sine verdier som «mer riktige» enn andres, og at dette for et multinasjonalt selskap tuftet på norske verdier, kan være et hinder for å fremstå som globale.submittedVersio
Living with multiple languages, being forced to be monolingual: Turkish skilled migrants in Norway
Get PDFBased on an analysis of 44 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with Turkish skilled migrants living in/around Oslo and Drammen in Norway, this article aims to point out the tension between the monolingual emphasis of public discourses and the multilingual reality of migrants in the context of Norway. It demonstrates that these migrants perceive the monolingual emphasis as a norm that they are expected to conform to, but that does not take their different life situations into consideration. The difficulty or impossibility of living according to that norm (because of their age, short duration of stay, the will to preserve the mother tongue, their multilingual realities) makes their lives difficult and creates confusion and anxiety in them. While they are trying to do their best to maneuver through the complexities of their multilingual lives, they are facing a system that tends to simplify their linguistic realities. This study demonstrates that there are multiple languages in migrants’ lives and many of them see it as a richness that they want to preserve. Migrants also see it as a violation of their right to retain their mother tongue when they see reactions against their speaking of the native language. Overall, the monolingual emphasis in Norway both ignores the multilingual reality of migrants’ lives as well as putting unrealistic pressures on them. This study also highlights the importance of a pluralistic approach to a migrant group with respect to their linguistic practices.publishedVersio
Advantages and challenges of using telehealth for home-based palliative care: A systematic mixed studies review.
Get PDFBackground: Owing to the increasing number of people with palliative care needs and the current shortage of health care professionals (HCPs), providing quality palliative care has become challenging. Telehealth could enable patients to spend as much time as possible at home. However, no previous systematic mixed studies reviews have synthesized evidence on patients’ experiences of the advantages and challenges of telehealth in home-based palliative care.
Objective: In this systematic mixed studies review, we aimed to critically appraise and synthesize the findings from studies that investigated patients’ use of telehealth in home-based palliative care, focusing on the advantages and challenges experienced by patients.
Methods: This is a systematic mixed studies review with a convergent design. The review is reported according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. A systematic search was performed in the following databases: Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, and Web of Science. The inclusion criteria were as follows: studies using quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods; studies that investigated the experience of using telehealth with follow-up from HCPs of home-based patients aged ≥18; studies published between January 2010 and June 2022; and studies published in Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, English, Portuguese, or Spanish in peer-reviewed journals. Five pairs of authors independently assessed eligibility of the studies, appraised methodological quality, and extracted data. The data were synthesized using thematic synthesis.
Results: This systematic mixed studies review included 41 reports from 40 studies. The following 4 analytical themes were synthesized: potential for a support system and self-governance at home; visibility supports interpersonal relationships and a joint understanding of care needs; optimized information flow facilitates tailoring of remote caring practices; and technology, relationships, and complexity as perpetual obstacles in telehealth.
Conclusions: The advantages of telehealth were that patients experience a potential support system that could enable them to remain at home, and the visual features of telehealth enable them to build interpersonal relationships with HCPs over time. Self-reporting provides HCPs with information about symptoms and circumstances that facilitates tailoring care to specific patients. Challenges with the use of telehealth were related to barriers to technology use and inflexible reporting of complex and fluctuating symptoms and circumstances using electronic questionnaires. Few studies have included the self-reporting of existential or spiritual concerns, emotions, and well-being. Some patients perceived telehealth as intrusive and a threat to their privacy at home. To optimize the advantages and minimize the challenges with the use of telehealth in home-based palliative care, future research should include users in the design and development process.publishedVersio
Nurses´ experiences with initiating non-invasive ventilation therapy in a general ward setting with an intermediate care unit: A qualitative study
No full textNon-invasiv ventilasjonsbehandling (NIV) er en behandlingsform som kan gjennomføres på sengepost med intermediærstue og er et tiltak som kan avlaste intensivavdelinger. Hensikten med denne studien var å belyse hva sykepleiere vurderer som viktige forutsetninger for vellykket oppstart av NIV-behandling på sengepost med intermediærstue. En kvalitativ metode med et eksplorerende og beskrivende design ble valgt. Det ble gjennomført individuelle, semistrukturerte intervjuer med syv sykepleiere. Datamaterialet ble analysert ved bruk av systematisk tekstkondensering. Sykepleierne vurderte at det å skape en trygg relasjon på pasientens premisser gjennom tilstedeværelse og oppmerksomhet og tilstrekkelig NIV-kompetanse hos sykepleierne som forutsetninger for vellykket oppstart av NIV-behandling. Videre vurderte sykepleierne at vellykket oppstart av NIV-behandling forutsetter at sykepleiere er i stand til å utføre et bredt spekter av kliniske og etiske vurderinger for å vurdere pasientens behov og effekt av NIVbehandlingen. Det som er nytt med denne studien er at den beskriver oppstart av NIV-behandling på sengepost med intermediærstue.publishedVersio