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The disciplinary identity of international criminal law: Balancing between positivism and multidisciplinarity
Get PDFThis essay discusses how the character and nature of international criminal law influence the way it is studied. By providing a historical review of its intellectual origins, it shows why international criminal law’s disciplinary identity remains under the influence of positivistic principles. In going beyond international criminal law, this essay also critically discusses why some hold a multidisciplinary analysis of international law in contempt and exposes the challenges of placing legal scholarship in distinct categories by labelling legal academics as positivists, doctrinalists, practice-oriented, policy-driven, or as multidisciplinarians. This piece will describe how international criminal law is being studied, how scholarship developed, and whether the value of the research lies in its relevance for the practice before international criminal courts. In discussing the pitfalls of pure doctrinal or multidisciplinary research, it weaves together theoretical considerations beyond the traditional positivistic paradigm with a plea to study international criminal law under different sensibilities and disciplinary protocolspublishedVersio
Introduction to workshop 7.1 on competencies
No full textPurpose
The purpose of this workshop is to explore the different opportunities on how librarians can build competencies to cope with new roles and tasks. We will invite participants to group discussions and to share their experiences about how librarians can learn new things and build new skillsets.
Background
During the last ten years, mainly because of technological development and research policy requirements, several new library services have emerged. New tasks within health-related libraries refer to open science, systematic reviews, user experiences, clinical librarianship, and research data. There is a great need for specialization, and therefore, recruitment in the sector can be a challenge (1,2).
Some library organizations offer certifications for librarians and well-established competencies frameworks which are used for self-evaluating, and for developing continuing education courses (3-5). However, in many countries there is no certification, and librarians more or less have to rely on occassional offers for continuing education.
Building competencies requires extra effort, initiative and motivation by the individual librarian. In a Norwegian survey from 2022, medical and health librarians reported that time, the financial situation and the internal organization of the library influenced on their possibility to build competencies through continuing education and courses (6). The results showed further that workplace learning and personal effort were often used to develop skills and knowledge to offer new library services.
Summary
In this workshop we want to elaborate how librarians can build competencies to offer new and relevant services, and adapt to new roles. Librarians know about areas of expertise where we need to build or update competencies (3-5). In this workshop we want to elaborate on how you as an individual librarian can make a difference. Here are some possible questions for the workshop:
- How can individual employees enhance their competencies?
- How can knowledge building activities for employees be organized in libraries?
- How can librarians fit competency building into a busy working schedule?
Activities in the workshop
After a brief introduction, the participants will work in small groups, 4-5 persons in each group. Each group will discuss one of the specific questions mentioned above. No preparation needed by the participant in advance.
The participants will be divided equally to the groups. The workshop will have a limit for 30 persons in total. When maximum number of participants is reached, ideally 2 groups will discuss the same question.
In the groups there will be possibilities for participant to exchange of experiences and discuss new ideas through brainstorming and making suggestions for action. The works shop leaders will act as facilitators and time managers for the groups. The discussions will take approximately 40 min.
We will use a digital board where each group reports their results and suggestions. Such boards make it easy to collaborate, and the contributions from all groups are displayed on one screen. The digital bords will allow the groups to comment and complete other groups’ questions, like in a world cafe. The groups will use about ten minutes to comment one of the other questions.
The remaining time will be used for plenary discussions and summing up.
Participants are encouraged to bring their own device; phone or laptop.
References
1. Haglund L, Roos A, Wallgren-Björk P. Health science libraries in Sweden: new directions, expanding roles. Health Info Libr J. 2018;35(3):251-5. https://doi.org/10.1111/hir.12229
2. Lawton A, Burns J. A review of competencies needed for health librarians-a comparison of Irish and international practice. Health Info Libr J. 2015;32(2):84-94.
3. CILIP - The Library and information association. The professional knowledge and skills base [cited 2021 8 Jan]. Available from: https://www.cilip.org.uk/page/PKSB
4. Medical Library Association. MLA Competencies for Lifelong Learning and Professional Success 2017.
[cited 10 Nov 2022]. Available from: https://www.mlanet.org/page/test-competencies
5. Australian Library and Information Association. ALIA HLA competencies. 2018 [cited 10 Nov 2022]. Available from: https://read.alia.org.au/alia-hla-competencies
6. Skagen T, Hunskår I, Lein R K. Kompetansebehov for morgendagens bibliotekarer. Prosjektsøknad. 2021 [cited 10 Nov 2022]. Available from: https://bibliotekutvikling.no/prosjektbank/prosjekt/kompetansebehov-for-morgendagens-bibliotekarer/
Midwives’ descriptions of strategies and requirements when following up pregnant women at risk of developing perinatal depression - a qualitative study
Get PDFThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Introduction: According to the guidelines, health-care personnel should have routines to identify depression and anxiety, but no screening tool is required. The aim of the study is to describe how midwives in antenatal care describe strategies and requirements when following up pregnant women at risk of developing perinatal depression.
Methods: Study is designed as qualitative descriptive study. It includes authorized midwives who work in prenatal care in Western Norway (n = 11) were interviewed between October 21 and November 02, 2021. Verbatim transcribed interviews were analyzed using manifest qualitative content analysis. The study was performed in accordance with the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research.
Results: The manifest content analysis revealed three categories: (1) Midwife as haven, (2) Growing into the professional role as a midwife and (3) Organizational challenges in antenatal care. The midwives also expressed that they felt they were saddled with a great responsibility that could be a lot to bear. Clinical experience was highlighted as essential sources of self-confidence in work.
Conclusion: Identified categories confirm some crucial issues in midwifery-led maternity care, such as the need for continuous professional training, clear local guidelines, and sufficient time for consultation with women at risk of developing perinatal depression. The findings also reflect the importance of early detection of these women to offer support and assistance throughout pregnancy and after delivery.publishedVersio
Access to, use of, and experiences with social alarms in home-living people with dementia: results from the [email protected] trial
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Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The
use, distribution or reproduction in other
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author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are
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comply with these terms.Background: Social alarms are considered an appropriate technology to ensure the safety and independence of older adults, but limited research has been conducted on their actual use. We, therefore, explored the access, experiences, and use of social alarms among home-bound people with dementia and their informal caregivers (dyads).
Methods: From May 2019 to October 2021, the [email protected] mixed-method intervention trial collected data from semi-quantitative questionnaires and qualitative interviews conducted among home-dwelling people with dementia and their informal caregivers in Norway. The study focused on data from the final assessment at 24 months.
Results: A total of 278 dyads were included, and 82 participants reached the final assessment. The mean age of the patients was 83 years; 74.6% were female; 50% lived alone; and 58% had their child as a caregiver. A total of 62.2% of subjects had access to a social alarm. Caregivers were more likely to answer that the device was not in use (23.6%) compared to patients (14%). Qualitative data revealed that approximately 50% of the patients were not aware of having such an alarm. Regression analyses assessed that access to a social alarm was associated with increasing age (86–97 years, p = 0.005) and living alone (p < 0.001). Compared to their caregivers, people with dementia were more likely to answer that the device gave them a false sense of security (28% vs. 9.9%), while caregivers were more likely to answer that the social alarm was of no value (31.4% vs.14.0%). The number of social alarms installed increased from 39.5% at baseline to 68% at 24 months. The frequency of unused social alarms increased from 12 months (17.7%) to 24 months (23.5%), and patients were less likely to feel safe during this period (60.8% vs. 70%).
Conclusion: Depending on their living situation, patients and family members experienced the installed social alarm differently. There is a gap between access to and the use of social alarms. The results indicate an urgent need for better routines in municipalities with regard to the provision and follow-up of existing social alarms. To meet the users’ changing needs and abilities, passive monitoring may help them adapt to declining cognitive abilities and increase their safety.Conclusion: Depending on their living situation, patients and family members experienced the installed social alarm differently. There is a gap between access to and the use of social alarms. The results indicate an urgent need for better routines in municipalities with regard to the provision and follow-up of existing social alarms. To meet the users’ changing needs and abilities, passive monitoring may help them adapt to declining cognitive abilities and increase their safety.publishedVersio
COS-P som hjelpetiltak i barnevernet. Delrapport 5 prosjekt «Virkning av hjelpetiltak i barnevernet»
Get PDFDenne rapporten handler om bruken av foreldreveiledningsprogrammet Circle of Security (COS-P) i barnevernet og er en delrapport i prosjektet «Virkning av hjelpetiltak i barnevernet». Studien bygger på flere metodiske tilnærminger. Vi har gjennomført en litteraturgjennomgang, kvalitative intervjuer med ansatte i barneverntjenesten, og foreldre som har gjennomført COS-P som et tiltak i barnevernet. Studien bygger også på et feltarbeid i flere barneverntjenester der vi har vært til stede på drøftingsmøter i barneverntjenesten. I tillegg har vi gjennomført en studie av barnevernmapper, og gjort observasjoner i et gruppetilbud med COS-P.publishedVersio
Refraining from rights and giving in to personalised control: young unemployed peoples’ experiences and perceptions of public and third sector support in the UK and Norway
Get PDFThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.In this article, we present an analysis of young unemployed peoples’ perceptions and experiences with public and third sector support in Norway and the UK. Drawing on data generated through qualitative semi-structured interviews, the analysis shows that street level workers’ approaches towards clients are important in understanding (dis)engagement with various employment support systems. Taking a ‘street-level’ perspective as a lens for understanding young, unemployed peoples’ perceptions and experiences, we suggest that their voices as (potential) participants in employment services can contribute a further dimension to perspectives that are more usually focused on workers as performers of politics. The paper highlights the challenges of making employment services responsive to young peoples’ needs and expectations.publishedVersio
How far does prison punishment extend? Re-entry processes in the digitalised society
Get PDFThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Com mons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.This article questions how far punishment extends in a digitalised society, focusing on the complexities in relation to prison release and re-entry processes for people who have served a long prison sentence. Drawing on Gilles Deleuze’s concept of “societies of control” and Nils Christie’s concepts of “dense and loose societies,” the article discusses re-entry within the context of the Norwegian digitalised society. Through person-centred, multi-site feld work, the analysis identifes three types of complexities regarding re-entry processes. The frst is how small and unforeseen events can reset the time of release from prison. The second is how digital gatekeepers in public welfare services create obstacles in the re-entry process. The third is how the possibility of online tracking and monitoring provides new forms of social control and pain after release, which creates an environment where a per son’s criminal past afects his or her everyday life. This article challenges binary scientifc understandings between the inside and the outside of prison and provides insights into the processes of how digital punishment and new forms of control occur in digitalised soci ety. In this way, the article analytically contributes to the discussion of how the normative demand of being a free person after completing sentences in Norwegian criminal policy has been further complicated in a digitalised society.publishedVersio
Views about perceived training needs of health care professionals in relation to socially assistive robots: an international online survey
Get PDFThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.Background: As Artificial Intelligence and social robots areincreasingly usedin health and social care, it is imperative to explore the training needs of the workforce, factoring in their cultural background.
Objectives: Explore views on perceived training needs among professionals around the world and how these related to country cultures.
Design: Cross-sectional, descriptive, mixed-methods international online survey.
Methods: Descriptive statistical analysis explored the ranking across countries and relationships with three Hofstede cultural dimensions. Thematic analysis was conducted on the open-ended text responses.
Results: A sample of N = 1284 participants from eighteen countries. Knowing the capabilities of the robots was ranked as the top training need across all participating countries and this was also reflected in the thematic analysis. Participants’ culture, expressed through three Hofstede’s dimensions, revealed statistically significant ranking differences.
Conclusions: Future research should further explore other factors such as the level of digital maturity of the workplace.
Impact Statement: Training needs of health and social care staff to use robotics are fast growing and preparation should factor in patient safety and be based on the principles of person- and culture centred care.publishedVersio
Quality of life and nurse–patient interaction among NH residents: Loneliness is detrimental, while nurse–patient interaction is fundamental
Get PDFThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.Background: Symptoms of anxiety and depression are known to residents of nursing homes along with cognitive impairment, physical inactivity and low quality-of-life. Anxiety, depression and loneliness are found detrimental to NH residents' quality-of-life. The nurse–patient relationship is important for patient's well-being, both in terms of illness and symptom management.
Design: Cross-sectional design.
Methods: Data were collected in 2017 and 2018 from 188 residents in 27 nursing homes resided in two large urban municipalities in Middle and Western Norway. The inclusion criteria were: (1) local authority's decision of long-term NH care; (2) residential stay 3 months or longer; (3) informed consent competency recognised by responsible doctor and nurse; (4) capable of being interviewed, and (5) aged 65 years or older. This article is executed in accordance with STROBE statement.
Results: Adjusting for age, sex, anxiety, depression and loneliness, perceived nurse–patient interaction was statistically significant to quality-of-life. While anxiety and depression showed insignificant estimates, loneliness demonstrated a significant relation with quality-of-life. Nurse–patient interaction and loneliness explained together 25% of the variation in quality-of-life.
Conclusion: This study suggests that loneliness is frequent as well as more detrimental to quality-of-life among nursing home residents compared to anxiety and depression. Furthermore, the present results show that the nurse–patient interaction represents an essential health-promoting resource for Quality-of-life in this population.
Relevance to clinical practice: Staff nurses need to exercise their awareness of loneliness to meet residents' needs. Nursing educations should provide knowledge about nurse–patient interaction, and students as well as staff nurses in NHs should be trained, for instance by simulation, to use the nurse–patient interaction as a health-promoting resource. Finally, loneliness represents a bigger challenge than depression and anxiety; accordingly, building nurses that are capable of meeting patients' needs and facilitate care that counteracts loneliness is highly warranted.publishedVersio
When young people age out of care: Foster care in a life course and network perspective
Get PDFThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are madeResearch highlights the importance of supportive relations for young people leaving care. Foster carers give an important contribution to such support. However, there is less knowledge about foster carers' views about the relational contact after the young person has aged out of care. This article explores foster carers' perspectives building on interviews with foster carers from both Norway and Sweden about their views on relational continuity. Life course and network theory are used as theoretical lenses to understand the opportunities and challenges for further contact both with cares and extended foster family. Findings suggest that foster carers have a lifelong perspective, still the relationship can be uncertain and some result in breaks. Viewed from a life course perspective, the relationships can also be renewed, and foster carers and other members of the foster family seem to be important sources of sup port for young people with a care background.publishedVersio