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Veiledningens muligheter. En kvalitativ studie av spesialiserte fosterfedres opplevelse med veiledning
Get PDFDenne kvalitative studien utforsker hvordan fedre i spesialiserte fosterhjem opplever veiledning gjennom å intervjue fire fosterfedre om deres erfaringer med det å være deltager i veiledning og deres synspunkter på farsrollens plass i veiledningen. Hensikten med studien er å bidra til å øke kunnskapen om fosterforeldres perspektiver på sin rolle i møte med de oppfølgende systemene rundt dem, samt bidra til å øke kunnskapsgrunnlaget om hvordan dette påvirker fosterforeldrene.
Problemstillingen for studien er: «Hvordan opplever fosterfedre i spesialiserte fosterhjem veiledning?».
Det vitenskapsteoretiske ståstedet for oppgaven er forankret i et sosialkonstruksjonistisk ståsted. Datainnsamlingen ble gjort gjennom semistrukturerte intervjuer med fire fedre i spesialiserte fosterhjem hvorav to var oppdragstakere. Intervjuene ble transkribert og deretter analysert med systematisk tekstkondensering. Analysen resulterte i tre hovedtemaer:
• Noen å dele med
• Den tilstedeværende faren
• Involvering i veiledningen
Hovedfunnene fra oppgaven tyder på at fedrene opplevde veiledningen som nyttig og virksom. Det å ha en noen å dele utfordringene i hverdagen med og få tilbakemeldinger fra var et viktig aspekt med deres forventninger til veilederen. Videre var fedrene opptatte av å være til stede i barnas liv og ta aktiv del i de arenaene de kunne delta i. Her var det forskjell på dem med og uten oppdragsavtale i form av at de sistnevnte ønsket å ta større del i fosterbarnas liv enn det de hadde rom til i kombinasjon med å være i jobb. Det siste temaet viser at fedrene både er gjenstand for temaene i veiledningen og har rom til å tematisere det som er viktig for dem
Gutters tanker og følelser om egen kropp og utseende – en kvalitativ studie
Get PDFBakgrunn: Ungdom opplever betydelig oppmerksomhet på kropp og utseende. De beskriver et press om å ha en kropp som samsvarer med samfunnsidealer. Det er avgjørende for helsefremmende og forebyggende tiltak at vi forstår hvilket forhold unge mennesker har til kropp og utseende. Tidligere forskning har i stor grad fokusert på jenter i denne sammenhengen.
Hensikt: Studiens hensikt var å utforske gutters tanker og følelser om egen kropp og eget utseende.
Metode: Vi benyttet kvalitativ, deskriptiv metode. Vi gjennomførte ni semistrukturerte, individuelle intervjuer med gutter i alderen 16–19 år i en storby i Norge. Dataene ble analysert ved hjelp av stegvis induktiv-deduktiv metode, som genererte sju kodegrupper, som igjen ble redusert til tre konsepter.
Resultat: I analysen identifiserte vi tre konsepter som beskrev guttenes tanker og følelser: 1) «Egen kropp og idealkroppen», 2) «Idealkroppens betydning» og 3) «Kroppspress eller motivasjon». Deltakerne var generelt fornøyd med kroppen sin. Gutter med mer fremskreden pubertetsutvikling uttrykte at de var mer tilfreds med kroppen enn de i et tidligere stadium av puberteten. Idealkroppen var for guttene en positiv identitetsmarkør. De fleste deltakerne så på kroppspress som negativt, men et fåtall erfarte kroppspress som en motiverende drivkraft for trening.
Konklusjon: En kropp i tråd med samfunnets idealer er positivt assosiert og av betydning for sosial anerkjennelse, tilhørighet og respekt. Opplevelser av kroppspress var en felles erfaring hos deltakerne. Studien viser at sen pubertetsdebut kan gjøre unge mennesker mer sårbare og utsatt for kroppsmisnøye. Dette understreker behovet for målrettet, forebyggende arbeid med søkelys på identitet og egenverd i en prepubertal fase.publishedVersio
Evaluating the practice of lawfare against pro-Palestinian groups
Get PDFFor nearly 20 years, nongovernmental organizations backing the Palestinian cause have promoted both «differentiation” and the better-known strategy of boycott, divestment, and sanctions (BDS). Differentiation is the practice of distinguishing between Israel and the occupied territories, terminating contracts with actors—irrespective of nationality—that contribute to and benefit from occupation-related activities, and seeking to promote Palestinian investments and exports. This strategy is fundamentally different from BDS, which targets not just the occupation but the Israeli state and its national entities. However, this article finds that laws and proposed legislation in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Israel do not delineate between Israel and Israeli-controlled territory, blurring the line between differentiation and BDS as tools to support Palestine. The evidence shows that courts have mostly ruled against differentiation practices, thus allowing harsh campaigns that impose heavy burdens on NGOs. These costs are both direct, through legal proceedings, and indirect in that they restrict the space for humanitarian action and delegitimize groups that employ differentiation. The study considers whether this constitutes lawfare, defined by experts as the exploitation “of the law of armed conflict to achieve tactical and strategic goals.”publishedVersio
Community-working occupational therapists’ involvement in research and development projects in Norway
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to explore community-working occupational therapists’ involvement in research and development projects. A cross-sectional survey of occupational therapists working in community-based services in Norway (n = 617) was conducted. In all, 117 of the 617 participants responded that they were involved in research and development projects. Greater likelihood of participation in research and development work were found for occupational therapists who had completed further education. Current and prioritized research topics were professional development and the development of interprofessional and professional service designs for occupational therapy. Service and quality development, rehabilitation and technology were areas where more knowledge was considered needed. To increase the growth and success of occupational therapy research and development, it is important that more occupational therapists in the municipality continue to complete further education. High-quality occupational therapy practice should be based on research and development projects in the municipalities.publishedVersio
Pastoral leadership in sunday services. A qualitative case study of seven pastors in the church of Norway
Get PDFAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without permissionThis study is situated in practical theology and aims at contributing to the field of pastoral theology focusing on pastoral leadership. The research question with which this study is concerned is: “How do pastors carry out pastoral leadership in Sunday services, and how can this practice be understood?”
By conducting a multiple site case study, I explore how seven pastors in the Church of Norway carry out pastoral leadership during Sunday services, and how their practices can be understood. I have conducted participatory observation of the pastors in Sunday services and interviewed them afterwards. Thus, the empirical material consists of fieldnotes, audioand video-recordings from participatory observation, transcribed sermons and other elements from the services, five sermon manuscripts, as well as transcribed qualitative interviews.
The empirical material is analysed utilizing Askeland’s integrated model of management and institutional leadership in practice as a theoretical framework. This model stems from the tradition of church and leadership studies in Norway and combines theories from institutional theory and the managerial work behaviour-tradition. I supplement the model with pastoral theological perspectives from the pastoral theologian Carroll, and the liturgical theologian Lathrop. This thesis aims at giving three main contributions to the field. First, it presents an empirical and theoretical contribution to understanding what pastors do to realize their responsibility as leaders of the Sunday service. I have identified two patterns of how the pastors, as institutional leaders, execute this task in diverging ways. Moreover, I suggest that these 4 patterns could be interpreted as institutional logics: one functional and one symbolic logic. These diverging logics demonstrate a relationship between the pastors’ personalities, backgrounds and spirituality, the local context they are situated in, and how they are marked by and/or relate to other contextual elements. Moreover, the logics demonstrate four fundamental dimensions of theologies and values pervading the leadership practice of the pastors.
The second main contribution is a theoretical contribution to pastoral leadership studies within pastoral theology suggesting a model of pastoral leadership in Sunday services. Third, the thesis gives a theoretical contribution to the field of church organisation and leadership studies. I expand and nuance Askeland’s theoretical framework. This thesis contributes to developing how the contextual elements, as well as the actors’ personalities, backgrounds and spirituality, and their theology and values, are interwoven in their practice as leaders.publishedVersio
Patterns of social media use across age groups during the COVID-19 pandemic: a study across four countries
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to examine patterns of social media use across age groups in four countries (Norway, USA, UK, and Australia) two years after the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, and whether types of use and time spent using social media was related to health worries. A cross-sectional online survey was completed by 1578 adult participants. The data were analysed with one-way analyses of variance and a linear regression analysis. Younger people spent more time on and were more likely to be passive users of social media than older people. Motives for social media use, and perceived effects of using social media, varied by participants’ age. Passive social media use and more time spent using social media were related to higher levels of health worries. Thus, an age perspective is relevant for understanding patterns of social media use, and different types of social media use appear to be differently related to health worries.publishedVersio
Virtual reality simulation in undergraduate health care education programs: Usability study
Get PDFOriginally published in JMIR Medical Education (https://mededu.jmir.org), 19.11. 2024.This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR Medical Education, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on https://mededu.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.Background: Virtual reality (VR) is increasingly being used in higher education for clinical skills training and role-playing among health care students. Using 360° videos in VR headsets, followed by peer debrief and group discussions, may strengthen students’ social and emotional learning.
Objective: This study aimed to explore student-perceived usability of VR simulation in three health care education programs in Norway.
Methods: Students from one university participated in a VR simulation program. Of these, students in social education (n=74), nursing (n=45), and occupational therapy (n=27) completed a questionnaire asking about their perceptions of the usability of the VR simulation and the related learning activities. Differences between groups of students were examined with Pearson chi-square tests and with 1-way ANOVA. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze data from open-ended questions.
Results: The nursing students were most satisfied with the usability of the VR simulation, while the occupational therapy students were least satisfied. The nursing students had more often prior experience from using VR technology (60%), while occupational therapy students less often had prior experience (37%). Nevertheless, high mean scores indicated that the students experienced the VR simulation and the related learning activities as very useful. The results also showed that by using realistic scenarios in VR simulation, health care students can be prepared for complex clinical situations in a safe environment. Also, group debriefing sessions are a vital part of the learning process that enhance active involvement with peers.
Conclusions: VR simulation has promise and potential as a pedagogical tool in health care education, especially for training soft skills relevant for clinical practice, such as communication, decision-making, time management, and critical thinking.publishedVersio
Predictors for pain and functioning in patients with plantar fasciopathy one year after inclusion in a treatment trial in specialist care
Get PDFBackground: Plantar fasciopathy is common, is characterized by heel pain and is associated with decreased functioning and health-related quality of life. While many recover from this condition, a considerable number of people experience persistent heel pain. This study seeks to evaluate predictors for pain and function twelve months after inclusion in a treatment trial in specialist care.
Methods: Secondary analysis was conducted on 200 patients with plantar fasciopathy included in a randomized controlled trial and followed for twelve months. Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics were included as possible predictors. Univariate and multivariable linear regression models were applied to identify predictors for foot pain (Numeric rating scale) and function (Foot Function Index revised short form) at 12-month follow-up.
Results: Unilateral heel pain, lower physical activity level and higher number of repetitions in the clinical heel-rise test were identified as statistically significant predictors for reduced pain. Unilateral heel pain, shorter duration of heel pain and being married/cohabitating were predictors for better functioning.
Conclusions: Unilateral heel pain as opposed to bilateral heel pain, was the most consistent positive predictor for the outcomes pain and function in plantar fasciopathy at 12-month follow-up. Hence, patients with bilateral PF may need extended assessment and treatment. Other predictors varied among outcomes. These findings may be used to improve clinical management of patients with persistent PF.publishedVersio
CAMEO. Et evaluering- og effektmålingsprosjekt av aktivitets- og omsorgsprosjekt for eldre i fengsel
Get PDFCAMEO-programmet (Come and Meet Each Other) ble utviklet som et rehabiliteringstiltak for eldre innsatte i norske fengsler, med mål om å bedre deres fysiske og mentale helse, og skape en fengselshverdag som etterligner livet utenfor murene. Programmet tilbyr strukturert sosial interaksjon og aktiviteter tilpasset de unike behovene til eldre innsatte, basert på Kriminalomsorgens prinsipp om normalitet, som skal fremme innsattes rehabilitering og reintegrering i samfunnet.
CAMEO-programmet er et midlertidig pilotprosjekt, initiert og økonomisk drevet av Frelsesarmeen. Programmet ble utviklet som en direkte respons på Kriminalomsorgens ønske om å styrke rehabiliteringstilbudet for eldre innsatte. Frelsesarmeen tok tak i denne utfordringen og la frem et konkret forslag til et pilotprosjekt som kunne møte disse behovene. Programmet har vært en viktig testarena for å utforske hvordan slike tiltak kan tilpasses og implementeres på en måte som gagner både individet og storsamfunnet.
Denne evalueringsstudien benytter kvantitative og kvalitative metoder for å undersøke hvordan CAMEO-programmet påvirker innsattes hverdag. Studien viser at programmet har bidratt til økt trivsel, sosial inkludering og fysisk aktivitet, noe som igjen reduserer følelsen av isolasjon og fremmer helse og velvære. Mange innsatte beskriver en opplevelse av bedre livskvalitet som følge av deltakelsen i programmet. I tillegg viser funnene at programmet har en positiv «smitteeffekt» på fengselsmiljøet, der Kriminalomsorgens ansatte også påvirkes av CAMEOs tilnærming.
Samtidig peker rapporten på utfordringer knyttet til fengselets fysiske infrastruktur, som ofte ikke er tilpasset eldre eller innsatte med funksjonsnedsettelser. Det fremheves at økte ressurser og flere tilpassede fasiliteter kan styrke programmets effektivitet og gi bedre rehabilitering for denne gruppen. Videre viser studien at frivillighetens rolle er en styrke ved programmet, da tilliten som bygges mellom innsatte og CAMEO-ansatte fremmer åpenhet og gir innsatte en støttende relasjon, fri for maktutøvelse. Denne tilnærmingen står i kontrast til Kriminalomsorgens formelle autoritet, og skaper en dynamikk som styrker rehabiliteringsarbeidet.
Rapporten konkluderer med at CAMEO-programmet utgjør et viktig bidrag til livskvaliteten for eldre innsatte, men det er fortsatt potensiale til videreutvikling av programmet. Ved å utvide ressursgrunnlaget og bedre tilretteleggingen av fengselsinfrastrukturen, kan CAMEO-programmet styrkes og tilpasses ytterligere for å sikre en mer helhetlig rehabilitering for eldre innsatte.publishedVersio
The sources of meaning and meaning in life (SoMe) questionnaire in Finnish: Sociodemographic findings of meaningfulness and crisis of meaning in the Finnish context
Get PDFBackground: Psychological research about meaningfulness is concerned with a subjective sense of meaning of one’s own life, that is, meaning in life. Empirical research in this field is attracting interest, as meaning in life has wide-ranging positive implications for mental health and well-being.
Aim: The aim of this article is to test the validity of the Finnish translation of the Sources of Meaning and Meaning in Life (SoMe) questionnaire. In the article, meaningfulness and crisis of meaning are correlated with sources of meaning, and results are compared with other validation studies in Norway, Denmark, and Brazil as well as with the original German questionnaire.
Methods: to meet our aim, 551 participants were recruited to answer the Finnish questionnaire. The internal and construct validity of the Finnish questionnaire were tested with reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and analysis of intercorrelations of items in the questionnaire.
Results: The analysis demonstrated similar reliability to other validation studies of the questionnaire and results highly comparable to the Norwegian study regarding the internal structure of the questionnaire. Results of intercorrelations of items within the questionnaire were also comparable to the other validation studiespublishedVersio