Brage NIH (Norwegian School of Sport Sciences)
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    3891 research outputs found

    Effekten av ulike balltyper på valg og utførelse av spillhandlinger i ungdomsfotball: En evaluerende case-studie av en fotballkamp for 13-åringer

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    Masteroppgave - Norges idrettshøgskole, 2024Hensikten med denne studien har vært å undersøke effekten av ulike balltyper på valg og utførelse av spillhandlinger i ungdomsfotball. Nyere perspektiver på ferdighetsutvikling i idrett har lagt stor vekt på viktigheten av å skalere regler og utstyr i henhold til spillernes forutsetninger. Målet med prosjektet har vært å finne ut om bruk av lett 5er-ball kan være hensiktsmessig for de yngste klassene i ungdomsfotballen hvor det i dag benyttes 4er-ball. Det økologisk-dynamiske rammeverket for ferdighetsutvikling i idrett ble benyttet som teoretisk rammeverk. Utvalget i studien bestod av et fotballag med gutter i 13-årsklassen (n=19). Data ble innhentet gjennom en internkamp i full skala ut fra NFFs retningslinjer for det nevnte alderstrinnet, som ble filmet og analysert. I løpet av kampen ble det i første omgang benyttet vanlig 4er-ball første halvdel og lett 5er-ball i andre halvdel, mens rekkefølgen på ballene i andre omgang var motsatt. Gjennom et spesialtilpasset analyseskjema ble alle involveringer med ballen registrert ut ifra typer ballhandling, antall ballberøringer og ballinvolveringsutfall. Resultatene viste ingen signifikante forskjeller knyttet til typer ballhandling eller antall ballberøringer ved den statistiske sammenligningen av de to balltypene. Derimot ble det funnet en signifikant forskjell med liten praktisk effekt når det gjaldt ballinvolveringsutfall, hvor flere involveringer var vellykkede mens det ble benyttet lett 5er-ball sammenlignet med vanlig 4er-ball (P = 0,045, ϕ = 0,078). I tillegg ble samspillet mellom typer ballhandling og ballinvolveringsutfall undersøkt. Der ble det funnet en liten til middels praktisk signifikant effekt knyttet til lange ballhandlinger og ballinvolveringsutfall, hvor flere av de lange involveringene var vellykkede ved bruk av lett 5er-ball sammenlignet med vanlig 4er-ball (ϕ = 0,199). Analysen av samspillet mellom korte ballinvolveringer og ballinvolveringsutfall viste ingen signifikante forskjeller. Funnene fra studien kan indikere en positiv effekt av å benytte lett 5er-ball for spillere i de yngste ungdomsklassene, og således støtte oppunder teori og forskning knyttet til manipulering av oppgavebetingelser. På den måten kan det også tenkes at bruk av ulike balltyper kan spille en rolle når det gjelder ferdighetsutvikling i fotball. Samtidig må det tas med i betraktningen at denne evaluerende case-studien har et utvalg som begrenser seg til ett lag i én kamp, og man må dermed være forsiktig med å ta for gitt at resultatene kan overføres til andre kontekster. Likevel kan resultatene fra studien gi et godt grunnlag for videre utprøving av lett 5er-ball med tanke på en eventuell regelendring i fremtiden, så vel som fremtidig forskning på temaet.publishedVersionInstitutt for idrett og samfunnsvitenskap / Department of Sport and Social Scienc

    Muskelglykogensuperkompensasjon etter ett-bens sykling til utmattelse

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    Masteroppgave - Norges idrettshøgskole, 2024Denne masteroppgaven er klausulert, og er IKKE TILGJENGELIG før juni 2026.publishedVersionInstitutt for fysisk prestasjonsevne / Department of Physical Performanc

    Forskjell i fysiologisk respons, opplevd anstrengelse og intensitetsdistribuering mellom intervalltrening på rulleski innendørs og utendørs: En sammenligning av gjennomføringen ved to like øktmodeller

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    Masteroppgave - Norges idrettshøgskole, 2024Bakgrunn: Studier som har sammenlignet utholdenhetstrening inne og ute har demonstrert forskjell i fysiologiske og perseptuelle responser, samt intensitetsdistribuering mellom økter med tilsvarende målsetting eller effektproduksjon. Kun en studie har undersøkt rulleskitrening inne og ute, og denne sammenlignet ulike øktmodeller. Dette prosjektets formål var å undersøke om det er forskjell i fysiologisk respons, opplevd anstrengelse og intensitetsdistribuering mellom samme øktmodell ute på asfalt og inne på rulleskimølle. Metode: Åtte mannlige langrennsløpere gjennomførte to intervalløkter med samme øktmål, bestående av 5x5 minutter arbeid med 4 minutters pause. Utendørsøkten ble gjennomført i motbakke (6,4% gjennomsnittlig helning), og innendørsøkten på rulleskimølle med lignende stigningsprosent (6,1%). Øktene ble gjennomført i dobbeldans og padling, bortsett fra en deltaker som staket. Hastighet, effekt, hjertefrekvens (HF), laktatkonsentrasjon ([La−]), opplevd anstrengelse (RPE) og «session RPE» (sRPE) ble målt både inne og ute. Deltakerne registrerte også dagsform og intensitetsstyring etter øktene, samt reflekterte over forskjeller i spørreskjema etter begge var gjennomført. Resultat: Hastigheten var signifikant (P 0,05). Konklusjon: Langrennsløperne oppretthold lik intensitet ved samme opplevde anstrengelse under øktene. Brattere partier og små stigningsvariasjoner utendørs ledet derimot til høyere HF, og en mer degressiv hastighetsutvikling sammenlignet med innendørs, der fiksert helning og konstant hastighet bidro til jevnere hastighetsutvikling. Dette virker å ha resultert i lavere opplevd anstrengelse etter innendørsdørsøkten, men ingen signifikant forskjell i [La-] eller gjennomsnittlig effekt.Institutt for fysisk prestasjonsevne / Department of Physical Performanc

    Accuracy of Computer Vision in estimating hip and knee flexion angle during squats and anterior lunges: An experimental methodological study

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    Masteroppgave - Norges idrettshøgskole, 2024Aim: Recently there have been an increase of companies using Computer Vison (CV) in managing treatment of patients with hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA). With this in mind, the objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of KineTech’s CV technology. The primary aim was to investigate errors of CV-based estimation of hip- and knee flexion angles (HKF) during series of squats and anterior lunges. The estimations were compared to measurements derived from marker-based motion capture system. We assessed the influence of camera position by evaluating CV-based estimations from the four different camera views. Method: Nine students at the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences performed series of squats, short- and long step anterior lunges with external load (80% of their one repetition maximum). Series were recorded by marker-based motion capture system and three single cameras. Results: The accuracy of CV-based estimation was assessed by examining the mean error (ME) and standard deviation (SD) of the HKF at the bottom position of each repetition. The CV-based method showed a tendency to both over- and underestimate HKF across different camera views. Overall, 54% of the bottom positions showed a acceptable ME within the referance error range (<12°), and only 15% of the total bottom positions revealed a good precision (SD <10°). The 45° back view showed consistently lower ME values at the hip flexion angle compared to other views, indicating better accuracy. For the knee flexion angle, we observed the lowest ME at the frontal view, particularly for the left knee flexion angle, though the frontal view also demonstrated the lowest ME for the right knee flexion angle in some cases. Conclusion: Our study indicates that the accuracy CV is not yet sufficient to estimate HKF accurately when an external load is included in the form of a loaded barbell. For CV to serve as a reliable alternative for therapists during OA treatment, the accuracy of both hip and knee flexion angle estimations needs to be improved. Future development of CV technology should focus on overcoming challenges of occlusion to enhance accuracy.Institutt for fysisk prestasjonsevne / Department of Physical Performanc

    Position paper: Rationale for a focused attention on mental health of high-performance sports coaches

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    High-performance (HP) coaching has been described as “a complex, social, and dynamic activity that is not easily represented as a set of tangible and predictable processes.” Coaches are not only responsible for extensive planning, monitoring, and leadership in a dynamic and complex environment but also have responsibility for supporting athlete development and safeguarding their athletes’ overall health, well-being, and psychological and physiological safety. However, HP coaching is often considered an unsustainable profession, due to the levels of stress and subsequent mental health challenges that are frequently part of the role. Therefore, this position paper will focus on the concerns, challenges, and resources needed to prevent and manage mental ill-being and support the mental well-being of sport coaching professionals in HP sport, and provide recommendations for individuals, systems, and organizations that work with HP sport coaches.publishedVersio

    The influence of second-generation oral contraceptives on upper body muscle adaptations to resistance training

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    Masteroppgave - Norges idrettshøgskole, 2024Denne masteroppgaven er klausulert, og er IKKE TILGJENGELIG før juni 2026.publishedVersionInstitutt for fysisk prestasjonsevne / Department of Physical Performanc

    Bronchial hyperresponsiveness and asthma in former elite skiers: A longitudinal prospective study investigating the changes in the prevalence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness and asthma from active career to retirement from elite sports amongst cross-country skiers, biathletes and Nordic combined skiers

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    Masteroppgave - Norges idrettshøgskole, 2024Denne masteroppgaven er klausulert, og er IKKE TILGJENGELIG før juni 2027.Institutt for fysisk prestasjonsevne / Department of Physical Performanc

    A biomechanical report of an acute lateral ankle sprain during a handball-specific cutting movement

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    Biomechanical measurements of accidental ankle sprain injuries are rare but make important contributions to a more detailed understanding of the injury mechanism. In this case study, we present the kinematics and kinetics of a lateral ankle sprain of a female athlete performing handball-specific fake-and-cut manoeuvres. Three-dimensional kinematics and kinetics were recorded and six previously performed trials were used as reference. Plantarflexion, inversion, and internal rotation angles were substantially larger than the reference trials and peaked between 190 and 200 ms after initial ground contact. We observed a highly increased inversion and internal rotation moment. However, compared to the non-injury trials the data also revealed a reduction in the second dorsiflexion moment peak. Ground reaction forces were lower throughout the injury trial. Other parameters at initial ground contact including ankle and hip position, step length, and the traction coefficient indicate that a preparatory maladjustment occurred. This study adds valuable contributions to the understanding of lateral ankle sprains by building upon previously published reports and considering the shoe-surface interaction as an important factor for injury.publishedVersio

    Is rest-activity rhythm prospectively associated with all-cause mortality in older people regardless of sleep and physical activity level?: The ‘Como Vai?’ cohort study

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    Objective: This study aims to test the association of rest-activity rhythm (intradaily variability and interdaily stability) with all-cause mortality in an older adult cohort in Brazil. It also assesses whether the amount of time spent at each intensity level (i.e., physical activity and nocturnal sleep) interferes with this association. Methods: This cohort study started in 2014 with older adults (≥60 years). We investigated deaths from all causes that occurred until April 2017. Rest-activity rhythm variables were obtained using accelerometry at baseline. Intradaily variability indicates higher rhythm fragmentation, while interdaily stability indicates higher rhythm stability. Cox proportional-hazard models were used to test the associations controlling for confounders. Results: Among the 1451 older adults interviewed in 2014, 965 presented valid accelerometry data. During the follow-up period, 80 individuals died. After adjusting the analysis for sociodemographic, smoking, morbidity score, and number of medicines, an increase of one standard deviation in interdaily stability decreased 26% the risk of death. The adjustment for total sleep time and inactivity did not change this association. On the other hand, the association was no longer significant after adjusting for overall physical activity and moderate to vigorous physical activity. Conclusion: Rest-activity rhythm pattern was not associated with mortality when physical activity was considered, possibly because this pattern could be driven by regular exercise. Promoting physical activity remains a relevant strategy to improve population health.publishedVersio

    Gender gap for accelerometry-based physical activity across different age groups in 5 Brazilian cohort studies

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    Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the gender inequalities in accelerometer-based physical activity (PA) across different age groups using data from 5 Pelotas (Brazil) cohorts. Methods: The data come from 4 birth cohort studies, covering all live births in the urban area of Pelotas for each respective year (1982, 1993, 2004, and 2015), and the Como vai? cohort study focusing on 60 years and above. Raw accelerometry data were collected on the nondominant wrist using GENEActive/ActiGraph devices and processed with the GGIR package. Overall PA was calculated at ages 1, 2, 4, 6, 11, 15, 18, 23, 30, and 60+ years, while moderate to vigorous PA was calculated from 6 years onward. Absolute (difference) and relative (ratio) gender inequalities were calculated and intersectionality between gender and wealth was also evaluated. Results: The sample sizes per cohort ranged from 965 to 3462 participants. The mean absolute gender gap was 19.3 minutes (95% confidence interval, 12.7–25.9), with the widest gap at 18 years (32.9 min; 95% confidence interval, 30.1–35.7) for moderate to vigorous PA. The highest relative inequality was found in older adults (ratio 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.92–2.08). Our intersectionality results showed that the poorest men being the most active group, accumulating around 60 minutes more moderate to vigorous PA per day compared with the wealthiest women at age 18. Conclusions: Men were more physically active than women in all ages evaluated. PA gender inequalities start at an early age and intensify in transition periods of life. Relative inequalities were marked among older adults.publishedVersio

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    Brage NIH (Norwegian School of Sport Sciences)
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