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Associations between pain intensity, psychosocial factors, and pain-related disability in 4285 patients with chronic pain
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The effects of subsidising e-bikes on mode share and physical activity - A natural experiment
No full textIntroduction The promotion of increased cycling is a political goal in numerous countries due to its environmental and public health benefits. Initiatives to stimulate e-bike use, like subsidies, may be a relevant strategy. However, understanding of the effects of these subsidies remains limited. In the present study our aim was to investigate the short-term effects of subsidising e-bike purchases on mode share distribution, physical activity derived from daily travel, and overall levels of physical activity. Methods We used the 2020-subvention program in Oslo, Norway, as a natural experiment, employing a pre-post randomised group design. The trial group (N = 194) and control group (N = 2174) participated in a survey at two time points (in April and September 2021), which included a one-day travel diary and questions about physical activity over the previous week. Results Our findings revealed a significant 12.6 [7.2, 18.0] percentage point increase in bicycle mode share, followed by a decrease in the share of car and public transport usage of 10.1 [-15.9, −2.5] and 7.1 [-11.8, −2.4] percentage points. In terms of physical activity generated from daily travel, we observed a greater increase in e-cycling compared to the decrease in conventional cycling and walking, resulting in an overall rise in active transport. However, despite these findings, we did not detect a significant increase in overall physical activity resulting from this increased active mobility. Conclusion Initiatives such as subsidies for e-bikes may align with both environmental and public health goals, as the subvention led to an increase in the bicycle mode share and an overall rise in active transport. However, to assess the impact on overall physical activity, additional research utilising more precise measurements is needed.The effects of subsidising e-bikes on mode share and physical activity - A natural experimentpublishedVersio
Social inequality in the association between life transitions into adulthood and depressed mood: a 27-year longitudinal study
No full textBackground: Few studies have considered the life-course development of depressive symptoms in relation to life transitions in early-adulthood and whether these might affect depressive trajectories differently depending on specific indicators of parental socioeconomic status (SES). In the present work, we explore these questions using the adolescent pathway model as a guiding framework to test socially differential exposure, tracking and vulnerability of the effects of life transitions on depressed mood across different socioeconomic backgrounds. Methods: Latent growth modeling was used to estimate the associations between indicators of parental SES (parental education and household income) and depressed mood from age 13 to 40 with life transitions (leaving the parental home, leaving the educational system, beginning cohabitation, attaining employment) as pathways between the two. Our analyses were based on a 27-year longitudinal dataset (n = 1242) of a Norwegian cohort with 10 time points in total. To make socioeconomic comparisons, three groups (low, mid, and high) were made for parental education and income respectively. Results: Depressed mood decreased from age 13 to 40. The low and high parental education groups showed a stable difference in depressed mood during early adolescence, which decreased in young adulthood and then increased slightly in mid-adulthood. The low household income group showed higher depressed mood across young adulthood compared to the medium and higher household income groups. For life transitions, leaving the parental home and beginning cohabitation was associated with an added downturn of the trajectory of depressed mood when adjusting for other transitions. However, adolescents with high parental education showed a relatively stronger decrease in depressed mood when leaving the parental home. Similarly, adolescents with a high household income showed a relatively stronger decrease in depressed mood when leaving the educational system. Conclusions: Depressed mood decreased over time and developed differently depending on parental education and household income. Life transitions were generally associated with reductions in depressed mood across time, but lower SES youths were not found to be more socially vulnerable these effects.publishedVersio
No change in 24-hour sodium intake estimated from spot urine in Norwegian adults from 2006 to 2019. The population-based HUNT Study
No full textObjective: Monitoring time trends in salt consumption is important for evaluating the impact of salt reduction initiatives on public health outcomes. There has so far not been available data to indicate if salt consumption in Norway has changed during the previous decade. We aimed to assess whether average 24-hour salt intake estimated from spot urine samples in the adult population of mid-Norway changed from 2006-08 to 2017-19, and to describe variations by sex, age, and educational level. Design: Repeated cross-sectional studies. Setting: The population-based HUNT Study. Participants: In each of two consecutive waves (HUNT3: 2006-08 and HUNT4: 2017-19), spot urine samples were collected from 500 men and women aged 25-64 years, in addition to 250 men and women aged 70-79 years in HUNT4. Based on spot urine concentrations of sodium, potassium and creatinine, age, sex, and body mass index, we estimated 24-hour sodium intake using the INTERSALT equation for the Northern European region. Results: Mean (95% confidence interval (CI)) estimated 24-hour salt intakes in men were 11.1 (95% CI 10.8, 11.3) g in HUNT3 and 10.9 (95% CI 10.6, 11.1) g in HUNT4, p=0.25. Corresponding values in women were 7.7 (95% CI 7.5, 7.9) g and 7.7 (95% CI 7.5, 7.9) g, p=0.88. Mean estimated salt intake in HUNT4 decreased with increasing age in women, but not in men, and it did not differ significantly across educational level in either sex. Conclusions: Estimated 24-hour salt intake in adult men and women in mid-Norway did not change from 2006-08 to 2017-19. Keywords: Norway; Salt intake; population-based study; potassium; sodium; spot urine samples.No change in 24-hour sodium intake estimated from spot urine in Norwegian adults from 2006 to 2019. The population-based HUNT StudypublishedVersio
Associations between sleep duration, insomnia, depression, anxiety and registry-based school grades: A longitudinal study among high-school students
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Prolonged hospitalization signature and early antibiotic effects on the nasopharyngeal resistome in preterm infants
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Assessment of risks posed by the import of live crabs intended for human consumption
Get PDFImport av fremmede krabber til bruk i mat- og restaurantbransjen kan medføre en høy risiko for negative effekter på norsk biologisk mangfold. Det er hovedbudskapet i en risikovurdering av åtte arter krabber, som VKM har gjort for Miljødirektoratet. Tre av disse artene er tidligere blitt beslaglagt av Tollvesenet, og disse var med høy sannsynlighet ment for mat-, og restaurantbransjen. Krabbene var levende da de ble forsøkt innført til Norge fra Sverige. På bakgrunn av beslagene besluttet Miljødirektoratet å få gjennomført en vurdering av hvilken risiko slik import kan medføre for biologisk mangfold i Norge. Ytterligere fem arter, identifisert av Havforskningsinstituttet som aktuelle for import som mat, inngikk i VKMs oppdrag. Dette har VKM gjort: VKM har gått gjennom tilgjengelig vitenskapelig litteratur om de aktuelle artene, og vurdert hvilke negative effekter disse kan føre til dersom de kommer ut i norsk natur. VKM har også gjort en vurdering av hvor sannsynlig det er at artene vil kunne etablere seg i Norge. Risikoen som krabbene utgjør bestemmes dermed av effekter og sannsynlighet. I tillegg har VKM foreslått mulige risikoreduserende tiltak. Effekter og sannsynlighet utgjør til sammen risikoen hver art medfører. VKM identifiserte tre faktorer som kan påvirke det biologiske mangfoldet negativt. Vi har gjennomførte risikovurderinger for hver av disse faktorene: konkurranse med hjemmehørende arter predasjon og beiting på hjemmehørende arter overføring av sykdommer I tillegg kan etablering av enkelte av artene, spesielt kinesisk- og japansk ullhåndskrabbe, og deres adferd med å grave ganger i elvebredden, føre til strukturelle endringer i økosystemene. Resultater_ VKMs risikovurderingen indikerer varierende risikonivåer for de ulike faktorene og artene. Vi konkludere med at det er høy risiko for negative effekter som følge av konkurranse og predasjon for to av artene, og middels risiko for ytterligere fem. Når det gjelder sykdomsspredning, er det høy risiko knyttet til de to ullhåndskrabbe-artene, og mulig høy risiko knyttet til amerikansk steinkrabbe. Sykdommene som utgjør den største trusselen, er krepsepest og gaffkemi, som rammer ferskvannslevende edelkreps og hummer hardest. VKM vurderer også at tre av artene utgjør en moderat risiko knyttet til gravende adferd. ‑ Fremmede krabber som importeres levende som mat har et betydelig potensial for å etablere seg i sjø og ferskvann. Sannsynligheten for etablering er høy fordi artene er tilpasningsdyktige, fordi enkelte arter kan tolerere miljøforhold lik det som finnes i store deler av Norge i dag, og fordi artene har høy reproduksjonsrate, sier Gaute Velle som har vært faglig ansvarlig for vurderingen. VKM har også gjort en totalvurdering av hvilken risiko de åtte artene utgjør dersom de importeres levende som mat. ‑ Spesielt sykdommer, som også kan spres av døde eller døende krabber, er en bekymring sier Velle. Potensialet for spredning av sykdommer har derfor veid tung når de åtte artene er rangert. Totalt sett er det lav risiko for kun to av de åtte artene, mens det er høy-, eller muligens høy risiko for tre arter og moderat risiko for tre arter, dersom artene importeres levende til bruk i mat-, og restaurantbransjen. Risikovurderingen er godkjent av VKMs faggruppe for biologisk mangfold.Assessment of risks posed by the import of live crabs intended for human consumptionacceptedVersio
The time for ambitious action is now: Science-based recommendations for plastic chemicals to inform an effective global plastic treaty
Get PDFThe ubiquitous and global ecological footprint arising from the rapidly increasing rates of plastic production, use, and release into the environment is an important modern environmental issue. Of increasing concern are the risks associated with at least 16,000 chemicals present in plastics, some of which are known to be toxic, and which may leach out both during use and once exposed to environmental conditions, leading to environmental and human exposure. In response, the United Nations member states agreed to establish an international legally binding instrument on plastic pollution, the global plastics treaty. The resolution acknowledges that the treaty should prevent plastic pollution and its related impacts, that effective prevention requires consideration of the transboundary nature of plastic production, use and pollution, and that the full life cycle of plastics must be addressed. As a group of scientific experts and members of the Scientists' Coalition for an Effective Plastics Treaty, we concur that there are six essential “pillars” necessary to truly reduce plastic pollution and allow for chemical detoxification across the full life cycle of plastics. These include a plastic chemical reduction and simplification, safe and sustainable design of plastic chemicals, incentives for change, holistic approaches for alternatives, just transition and equitable interventions, and centering human rights. There is a critical need for scientifically informed and globally harmonized information, transparency, and traceability criteria to protect the environment and public health. The right to a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment must be upheld, and thus it is crucial that scientists, industry, and policy makers work in concert to create a future free from hazardous plastic contamination.The time for ambitious action is now: Science-based recommendations for plastic chemicals to inform an effective global plastic treatypublishedVersio