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Non-detriment finding for tawny owl
Get PDFThe export from Norway to the UK of feathers from one tawny owl (Strix aluco) for personal purposes will not be detrimental to the survival of the species. Thus concludes the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (VKM). The assignment was carried out on behalf of the Norwegian Environment Agency, which is the management authority for the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in Norway. VKM is the scientific authority for CITES in Norway and prepares NDF (non-detriment finding) reports in accordance with the methodology published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and CITES.Non-detriment finding for tawny owlpublishedVersio
Contractility, ventriculoarterial coupling, and stroke work after acute myocardial infarction using CMR-derived pressure-volume loop data
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Coding Historical Causes of Death Data with Large Language Models
Get PDFThis paper investigates the feasibility of using pre-trained generative Large Language Models (LLMs) to automate the assignment of ICD-10 codes to historical causes of death. Due to the complex narratives often found in historical causes of death, this task has traditionally been manually performed by coding experts. We evaluate the ability of GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and Llama 2 LLMs to accurately assign ICD-10 codes on the HiCaD dataset that contains causes of death recorded in the civil death register entries of 19,361 individuals from Ipswich, Kilmarnock, and the Isle of Skye in the UK between 1861–1901. Our findings show that GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and Llama 2 assign the correct code for 69%, 83%, and 40% of causes, respectively. However, we achieve a maximum accuracy of 89% by standard machine learning techniques. All LLMs performed better for causes of death that contained terms still in use today, compared to archaic terms. Also, they performed better for short causes (1–2 words) compared to longer causes. LLMs therefore do not currently perform well enough for historical ICD-10 code assignment tasks. We suggest further fine-tuning or alternative frameworks to achieve adequate performance.Coding Historical Causes of Death Data with Large Language ModelspublishedVersio
The association between pre-diagnostic levels of psychological distress and adverse effects after radical prostatectomy
Get PDFObjectives: To prospectively analyse the associations between pre-diagnostic levels of anxiety and depression and patient-reported urinary and sexual adverse effects after radical prostatectomy in a population-based setting. Patients and Methods: In three Norwegian county hospitals, men referred with a suspicion of prostate cancer were asked to fill out a patient-reported outcome measurement (PROM) questionnaire prior to prostate biopsy. Those who later underwent radical prostatectomy were stratified into three distress groups according to their Hopkins Symptom Checklist 5-score. Additional PROM questionnaires, including the EPIC-26 to measure adverse effects, were collected at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Multivariable mixed models were estimated and post hoc pairwise comparisons performed to explore differences in adverse effects between distress groups. Results: A total of 416 men were included at baseline and of those, 365 (88%)returned questionnaires at 6 months and 360 (87%) at 12 months. After adjusting for confounders, men with high distress at baseline had worse urinary incontinence domain score (58.9 vs. 66.8, p = 0.028), more urinary bother (64.7 vs. 73.6, p = 0.04) and a higher risk of using incontinence pads (70.6% vs. 54.2%, p = 0.034) at 6 months than those with low distress. There was no difference in the sexual domain scores between distress groups postoperatively, but the high-distress group expressed more sexual bother (24.9 vs. 37.5, p = 0.015) and the intermediate-distress group had a greater probability of using sexual medications or devices (63.8% vs. 50.0%, p = 0.015) than the low-distress group at 6 months. At 12 months scores generally improved slightly and differences between distress groups were less evident. Conclusion: Men with higher levels of anxiety and depression before prostate biopsy report more urinary and sexual adverse effects after radical prostatectomy. This should be considered both in treatment decision-making and during follow-up after radical prostatectomy.The association between pre-diagnostic levels of psychological distress and adverse effects after radical prostatectomypublishedVersio
New insights from an eight-year study on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in an urban terrestrial ecosystem
Get PDFPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were analysed in a high number of terrestrial samples of soil, earthworm, bird eggs and liver from red fox and brown rat in an urban area in Norway from 2013 to 2020. PFOS and the long chain PFCAs were the most dominating compounds in all samples, proving their ubiquitous distribution. Other less studied compounds such as 6:2 FTS were first and foremost detected in earthworm. 8:2 FTS was found in many samples of fieldfare egg, sparrowhawk egg and earthworm, where the eggs had highest concentrations. Highest concentrations for both 6:2 FTS and 8:2 FTS were detected at present and former industry areas. FOSA was detected in many samples of the species with highest concentrations in red fox liver and brown rat liver of 3.3 and 5.5 ng/g ww. PFAS concentrations from the urban area were significantly higher than from background areas indicating that some of the species can be suitable as markers for PFAS emissions in an urban environment. Fieldfare eggs had surprisingly high concentrations of PFOS and PFCA concentrations from areas known to be or have been influenced by industry. Biota-soil-accumulation factor and magnification calculations indicate accumulation and magnification potential for several PFAS. Earthworm and fieldfare egg had average concentrations above the Canadian and European thresholds in diet for avian wildlife and predators. For earthworms, 18 % of the samples exceeded the European threshold (33 ng/g ww) of PFOS in prey for predators, and for fieldfare eggs, 35 % of the samples were above the same threshold. None of the soil samples exceeded a proposed PNEC of PFOS for soil living organisms of 373 ng/g dw.New insights from an eight-year study on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in an urban terrestrial ecosystempublishedVersio
Guidance on scientific principles and data requirements for the safety and relative bioavailability assessment of new micronutrient sources
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Postoperative opioid use in Norway—a population-based observational study on patterns of long-term use
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