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Drinking Motives Among 15–16-Year-Old School-Going Students in 16 European Countries
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Effect of pharmacological treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder on later psychiatric comorbidity: a population-based prospective long-term study
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Longitudinal changes in device-measured physical activity from childhood to young adulthood: the PANCS follow-up study
Get PDFBackground There is a lack of longitudinal studies examining changes in device-measured physical activity and sedentary time from childhood to young adulthood. We aimed to assess changes in device-measured physical activity and sedentary time from childhood, through adolescence, into young adulthood in a Norwegian sample of ostensibly healthy men and women. Methods A longitudinal cohort of 731 Norwegian boys and girls (49% girls) participated at age 9 years (2005–2006) and 15 years (2011–2012), and 258 of these participated again at age 24 years (2019–2021; including the COVID-19 pandemic period). Physical activity and sedentary time were measured using ActiGraph accelerometers. Linear mixed models were used to analyse changes in physical activity and sedentary time and whether low levels of childhood physical activity track, i.e., persist into young adulthood (nchange=721; ntracking=640). Results The most prominent change occurred between the ages of 9 to 15 years, with an increase in sedentary time (150 min/day) and less time spent in light (125 min/day), moderate (16 min/day), and vigorous physical activity (8 min/day). Only smaller changes were observed between the ages of 15 and 24 years. Changes in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity from childhood to young adulthood differed between subgroups of sex, tertiles of body mass index at baseline and tertiles of peak oxygen uptake at baseline. While the tracking models indicated low absolute stability of physical activity from childhood to young adulthood, children in the lowest quartiles of moderate-to-vigorous (OR:1.88; 95%CI: 1.23, 2.86) and total physical activity (OR: 1.87; 95%CI: 1.21, 2.87) at age 9 years were almost 90% more likely to be in these quartiles at age 24 years compared to those belonging to the upper three quartiles at baseline. Conclusions We found a substantial reduction in physical activity and increase in time spent sedentary between age 9 and 15 years. Contrary to previous studies, using mainly self-reported physical activity, little change was observed between adolescence and young adulthood. The least active children were more likely to remain the least active adults and could be targeted for early intervention.publishedVersio
The long-lasting impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on population-based cancer survival: what are the implications for data analysis?
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Association between different diet quality scores and depression risk: the REGICOR population-based cohort study
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NORM NORM-VET Usage of Antimicrobial Agents and Occurrence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Norway 2023
No full textAntimicrobial resistance is an emerging problem worldwide. It reduces the effectiveness of antimicrobial treatment of infectious diseases in humans and animals thereby leading to increased morbidity and mortality, as well as higher costs. It is well established that there is a strong association between the usage of antimicrobial agents and the occurrence of resistance. The selective pressure exerted following use of antimicrobial agents is a key issue in the epidemiology of resistance. In this report the term antimicrobial resistance is used synonymously with antibiotic resistance, although the term actually includes resistance in other microbes as well. Antimicrobial resistance can be disseminated through the spread of resistant pathogenic organisms themselves or by horizontal transfer of resistance genes from one type of organisms to another. Such transfer is not limited to closely related organisms; it can also take place between organisms of different evolutionary origins and/or ecological niches. Thus, antimicrobial drug usage and resistance in one ecological compartment can have consequences for the occurrence of resistance in another compartment. When addressing antimicrobial resistance – the occurrences, causes, consequences and preventive measures – a holistic approach is needed, encompassing both data on usage and resistance in human and veterinary medicine, as well as organisms in the food production chain. In response to the growing concern about antimicrobial resistance, the Norwegian Ministry of Health and Social Affairs issued the first national action plan against antimicrobial resistance in March 2000. The importance of monitoring the human and animal health sectors as well as food production, was emphasised. The action plan recognised the need for ongoing surveillance as a fundamental component of the strategy. The NORM and NORM-VET programmes were consequently established in order to provide and present data on the occurrence and distribution of antimicrobial resistance over time. The national action plan formally expired by the end of 2004. However, the need for continued surveillance of both resistance and antimicrobial usage was emphasised at subsequent consultations and an integrated national strategy for prevention of infections in the health service and antibiotic resistance (2008-2012) was issued in the summer of 2008. A new national strategy (2015-2020) was launched by the Norwegian government in 2015 including an explicit target of 30% reduction in antibiotic consumption in human medicine by 2020 compared to 2012. For food-producing terrestrial animals and companion animals the target was 10% and 30% reduction in the usage, respectively, by 2020, with 2013 as reference year. Additional specific targets in the food production chain were that livestock associated MRSA should not be established in the Norwegian pig population, and that ESBL in the poultry production should be reduced to a minimum. Also, the action plan stated that the government will carry out mapping of reservoirs of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in humans, in food and in relevant animal populations and in sentinel environments. Due to the coronavirus pandemic, the expiry of this strategy has been postponed until an updated version is available, but the government has initiated the process to develop a new framework for the coming years. The NORM surveillance programme for antimicrobial resistance in human pathogens was established in 1999 and is coordinated by the Department of Microbiology and Infection Control at the University Hospital of North Norway in Tromsø. The NORM-VET monitoring programme for antimicrobial resistance in animals, food and feed was established in 2000 and is coordinated by the Norwegian Veterinary Institute commissioned by the Norwegian Food Safety Authority. The NORM/NORMVET reports also present data on the usage of antimicrobial agents in humans and animals in Norway. The NORM and NORM-VET programmes are valuable tools for setting policies, assessing risks and evaluating interventions. This report, which is the twenty-fourth annual joint report from NORM and NORM-VET, presents data on resistance and usage for 2023. The editors would like to thank all those who contributed to data collection and the writing of this report, for excellent work.publishedVersio
Species-level verification of Phascolarctobacterium association with colorectal cancer
Get PDFWe have previously demonstrated an association between increased abundance of Phascolarctobacterium and colorectal cancer (CRC) and adenomas in two independent Norwegian cohorts. Here we seek to verify our previous findings using new cohorts and methods. In addition, we characterize lifestyle and sex specificity, the functional potential of the Phascolarctobacterium species, and their interaction with other microbial species. We analyze Phascolarctobacterium with 16S rRNA sequencing, shotgun metagenome sequencing, and species-specific qPCR, using 2350 samples from three Norwegian cohorts-CRCAhus, NORCCAP, and CRCbiome-and a large publicly available data set, curatedMetagenomicData. Using metagenome-assembled genomes from the CRCbiome study, we explore the genomic characteristics and functional potential of the Phascolarctobacterium pangenome. Three species of Phascolarctobacterium associated with adenoma/CRC were consistently detected by qPCR and sequencing. Positive associations with adenomas/CRC were verifiSpecies-level verification of Phascolarctobacterium association with colorectal cancerpublishedVersio
