Folkehelseinstituttet
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The school situation for children and youth placed in child welfare institutions: A rapid review
No full textNoen barn og unge er plassert utenfor hjemmet i en form for barnevernsinstitusjon. De har de samme rettighetene som barn som bor hos én eller begge foreldre, inkludert rett til skolegang. Vi utførte en hurtigoversikt, med formål å gi en oppsummering av forskningskunnskapen om skolesituasjonen for barn og unge plassert i barnevernsinstitusjoner – fortrinnsvis i Norge. Vi utførte litteratursøk i seks databaser, valgte ut studier publisert mellom 20142024, trakk ut data og grupperte resultatene narrativt. Vi inkluderte 22 studier (presentert i 26 publikasjoner). Det var fem studier fra Norge og én hver fra Danmark og Sverige. Bortsett fra én studie fra Canada var alle fra land i Vest-Europa. Det var 12 kvantitative studier, hvorav to var longitudinelle, ni kvalitative studier og én flermetodisk studie. Total inkluderte studiene omtrent 147 000 deltakere, i all hovedsak barn og unge med tilknytning til barnevernsinstitusjon. Studienes resultater tyder på at: • Barn og unge under barnevernets omsorg, og særlig de i institusjon, presterer svakere på skolen, har mer fravær og er i større fare for skolefrafall. • Skolesituasjonen til barn og unge påvirkes både av tidligere erfaringer og nåværende livssituasjon. • Tilpasset opplæringsløp kan være nyttig. • Ustabilitet i omsorgssituasjonen, skolebytter og brudd i relasjoner har negativ innvirkning på barn og unges opplevelse av skolesituasjonen og på skoleresultater. Samlet sett tyder resultatene på at det vil være nyttig med en helhetlig og tilpasset tilnærming til skolegangen til barn og unge under institusjonsomsorg, der enkeltindividers erfaringer og behov sees i sammenheng med både skole, institusjonssettingen og øvrig sosial kontekst. Mer kunnskap om skolesituasjonen for barn og unge plassert i barnevernsinstitusjoner kan bidra til bedre tilrettelegging og dermed bedre resultater.A minority of children and youth are taken out of their family home and placed in residential care. They have the same rights as children living with one or both parents, including the right to education. We conducted a rapid review, aiming to summarise research on the school situation for children and youth placed in child welfare residential care – preferentially in Norway. We conducted literature searches in six databases, selected studies published between 2014-2024, extracted data and group the findings narratively. We included 22 studies (presented in 26 publications). Five studies came from Norway, and one each from Denmark and Sweden. All, except one study from Canada, were conducted in a Western-European country. There were 12 quantitative studies, of which two were longitudinal, nine qualitative studies and one mixed methods study. In total, the studies included about 147 000 participants, mainly children and youth with experience from residential care. The studies’ results suggest: • Children and youth in the care of child welfare services, especially those in residential care, show weaker academic performance, have more absenteeism, and have higher risk of school drop-out. • Children and youths’ school situation is affected by their previous life experiences as well as their current situation. • Adapted teaching and education might be beneficial. • Instability in the care situation, changing schools, and social disruptions negatively affects childen and youths’ experiences related to their school situation and results. Overall, our findings imply there may be benefits of a holistic, tailored approach to the school situation of children and youth in residential care, taking into account their unique experiences and needs in relation to school, the institutional environment, and their social context. Further research could enhance adaptation efforts and subsequently improve outcomes.publishedVersio
Managing engagement among public, private and civil society actors participating in NewTools: a research partnership on food profiling
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Livskvalitet, subjektiv helse, sosiale relasjoner og funksjonsnivå blant eldre i Bergen 2024: en digital og postal spørreskjemaundersøkelse
No full textPå en del utfallsmål som er sentrale i Folkehelseundersøkelsene i fylkene finner vi ingen vesentlige forskjeller mellom den digitale og den postale gruppen. Dette gjelder blant annet livstilfredshet, sosial kapital (livet oppleves meningsfylt, tillit til andre, stedstilhørighet), psykiske plager, ensomhet, søvnproblemer og egenrapportert psykisk helse. På andre utfallsmål er forskjellene noe større og statistisk signifikante. Dette gjelder blant annet trivsel i nærmiljøet, sosial kontakt, deltakelse i kulturelle aktiviteter, selvrapportert fysisk helse og noen utfordringer i det daglige (bevegelse, kognisjon). Tallene er på alle disse utfallsmålene mindre gunstige for postal-gruppen enn for digital-gruppen. I folkehelseundersøkelser som omfatter eldre bør det vurderes om den digitale datainnsamlingen bør ledsages av en postal. Når en skal forklare variasjon i livskvalitet, sosiale relasjoner, utfordringer i hverdagen og subjektiv helse, ser vurderingen av økonomien i husholdningen ut til å være en vel så viktig prediktor som høyeste fullførte utdanning. Det å ikke kunne delta i aktiviteter en gjerne skulle deltatt i, har negative konsekvenser for en rekke utfall relatert til livskvalitet og sosiale relasjoner. Mange utfall viser en ugunstig utvikling med stigende alder. Resultater fra denne undersøkelsen tyder på at kvinner over 90 er en særlig viktig gruppe med tanke på hjelpetiltak og folkehelsetiltak.publishedVersio
Årsrapport 2024 med resultater og forbedringstiltak fra Nasjonalt kvalitetsregister for barnekreft
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Is there an association between birth characteristics and fractures in young adults? The HUNT Study, Norway
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Key factors in screening for resistant enterococci: a narrative synthesis of current evidence
Full text linkBackground and aim Enterococci, naturally found in the gut, can be largely resistant to antibiotics. While the enterococci rarely cause disease, the bacteria pose a higher risk to immunocompromised patients. Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE), linezolid resistant enterococci (LRE) and linezolid-and vancomycin resistant enterococci (LVRE) are particularly challenging and a focus for infection prevention. VRE, especially Enterococcus faecium (VREfm), is rising in Europe and listed by WHO as a priority pathogen due to its resistant capabilities. Currently, it is not possible to clear enterococcal carriage. VRE is notifiable in Norway, and it is voluntary to send isolates to the reference laboratory for surveillance in Denmark. National prevention guidelines were updated in 2015 and 2016, in Norway and Denmark respectively. In 2023, the Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH) and the Statens Serum Institut (SSI) decided to collaborate on proposals for new national recommendations for screening, targeting resistant microbes of special significance to healthcare. We conducted literature reviews to update screening recommendations for resistant microbes in healthcare. This literature review is part of a series of reviews aimed at providing evidence to support this process. Methods We systematically searched five databases for systematic reviews and primary literature from the Nordic countries and the Netherlands. Inclusion criteria included whether outcomes were duration of colonisation, risk of transmission, prevalence of resistant enterococci among different patient populations and in different settings, or individual factors associated with resistant enterococci colonisation or infection. We excluded studies on treatment, management, laboratory methods, drug resistance, and environmental screening. We chose not to include a discussion section in this report, as the interpretation of the results will be addressed in a more comprehensive assessment, which will incorporate all evidence syntheses along with other considerations. Results In our search, we found 14 studies to be relevant. All studies involved VRE, and no studies on LRE were identified. Assessments of duration of colonisation and long-time carriage remain challenging based on identified studies, but there might be a trend that that persistent colonization decreases over time. Studies on risk of infection/colonisation with VRE after exposure to an infected/colonised roommate and rooms previously occupied by infected/colonised patients are inconclusive. The exposure may increase the risk of transmission, but the evidence is scarce. Studies on the prevalence of VRE in different patient populations mainly focuses on pooled prevalences of patients from different settings in the world, and interpretation of the results should be done with caution. This narrative synthesis found clear evidence that previous antibiotic use, especially vancomycin, was a risk factor for VRE colonisation or infection. Other associated factors were recent hospitalisation, ICU stay, invasive devices, wounds, and incontinence. Conclusion This review showed that persistent VRE colonisation may decrease over time. Evidence on transmission risks remains inconclusive. Key risk factors include prior antibiotic use, especially vancomycin, as well as hospitalisation, ICU stay, invasive devices, wounds, and incontinence.publishedVersio
Labor onset and delivery mode in women with congenital heart disease—A nationwide cohort study
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