BI Open (Norwegian Business School)
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Around a Hundred Measures of the Major Personality Disorders: An Expert Review and Practitioner's Guide
Full text linkThe assessment and classification of the personality disorders (PDs) has attracted considerable debate for nearly 50 years, particularly over the last decade. Psychologists, psychiatrists, and psychometricians have attempted to devise valid, self-report measures of each of the PDs, as well as reliable interview schedules. This paper provides a hopefully, comprehensive listing of the instruments designed to assess specific, individual PDs as described in DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5, focused on traditional specific PD constructs. There remains however much debate as to the comprehensiveness of each test in measuring all the distinct facets of a PD, or indeed whether the test is assessing only symptoms rather than the full range of agreed behaviors defining a PD. There was great range in the tests available to measure each PD, ranging from one to assess Passive-Aggressive PD, to twenty-three to assess Borderline PD. The aim is to provide an up-to-date listing, and description, of the current, measures of individual PDs. A list of possible selection criteria for choosing a test is offered. The move to dimensional, as opposed to categorical, assessment of all the PDs is noted. Limitations are acknowledged.acceptedVersio
The diatonic sound of scent imagery
Full text linkThis research investigates crossmodal correspondences between auditory stimuli, specifically musical modes, and olfactory mental imagery, represented by fragrance families. Building on the emerging literature on crossmodal correspondences, this research explores different mechanisms that might help to explain these crossmodal correspondences such as their shared connotative meaning and identity-based meaning. The first study evaluated the fragrance families and subfamilies and musical modes and assessed potential mechanisms behind these associations. The second study examined the associations between the musical modes and fragrance families and subfamilies through a matching task. The results revealed consistent matches between different musical modes and corresponding fragrance families and subfamilies, indicating a crossmodal association between auditory and olfactory mental imagery. What is more, major modes were perceived as brighter and less intense, and were more liked than minor modes, with floral and fresh fragrances similarly rated as brighter and more liked than oriental and woody fragrances. These results suggest that crossmodal correspondences between auditory and olfactory stimuli are influenced by brightness, intensity, and hedonic factors. Understanding such crossmodal associations can potentially benefit various fields, including marketing, product design, and those interested in creating multisensory experiences.publishedVersio
The Unemployment-Risk Channel in Business-Cycle Fluctuations
Full text linkThe unemployment-risk channel (URC) amplifies an initial contraction through a reduction in consumption demand by workers who fear unemployment. Crucial for this are the dynamics of job separations and firm hiring. In US data, the job-finding rate responds slower to identified macroeconomic shocks than the separation rate, but accounts for a similar share of the unemployment response. We calibrate a tractable heterogeneous-agent new-Keynesian model with endogenous separations and sluggish vacancy creation to match these facts. The share of output fluctuations due to the URC is twice as large as in a standard model with exogenous separations and free entry.publishedVersio
Special Issue: Taxing Dividends in the Nordics – Challenges and Opportunities
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A triple-bottom-line evaluation of municipal solid waste collection
Full text linkMunicipal Solid Waste (MSW) collection systems can contribute to a sustainable society by transforming waste to valuable resources. However, if not properly designed, the MSW collection systems can become a liability in terms of high cost, high emissions and reduced service. There is still a lack of knowledge on how MSW collection system designs trade off the elements in the triple bottom line. The purpose of this study is to contribute to such understanding. A service-mix framework is proposed, demonstrating trade-offs among the decision areas of bin types, vehicle types, pick-up frequency, delivery distance, co-collection, and sorting in MSW collection systems. The triple bottom line performance is evaluated on cost, service, and emission levels. Two MSW collection systems are analysed and compared, using an Excel-based spreadsheet model. The findings show a potential to improve sustainability in MSW collection systems by trading off service-mix components. Specifically, the findings show that if five households share bins (accept reduced convenience, and the data indicate that they do) the reduction potential is 46 % for cost and 27 % for the CO2 emissions. Similarly, reducing the pick-up frequency service reduces cost and CO2 emissions. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of fill rates shows that using dual chamber trucks gives a high risk of increased cost and CO2 emissions, due to the difficulty of matching waste volumes and chamber sizes. Thus, the paper demonstrates that significant reduction of cost and emission levels are possible without a significant sacrifice of service levels in MSW collection systems.A triple-bottom-line evaluation of municipal solid waste collectionpublishedVersio
On the Signature of an Image
Full text linkOver the past decade, the importance of the 1D signature which can be seen as a functional defined over a path, has been pivotal in both path-wise stochastic calculus and the analysis of time series data. By considering an image as a two-parameter function that takes values in a
-dimensional space, we introduce an extension of the path signature to images. We address numerous challenges associated with this extension and demonstrate that the 2D signature satisfies a version of Chen’s relation in addition to a shuffle-type product. Furthermore, we show that specific variations of the 2D signature can be recursively defined, thereby satisfying an integral-type equation. We analyze the properties of the proposed signature, such as continuity, invariance to stretching, translation and rotation of the underlying image. Additionally, we establish that the proposed 2D signature over an image satisfies a universal approximation property.publishedVersio
The Norwegian Parliamentary Debates Dataset
Full text linkRecent advancements in computing power and machine learning techniques have facilitated the digitization of new corpora, as well as new methods for studying high-dimensional data. This has enabled empirical investigations of fundamental questions in the social sciences that were previously restricted by technical limitations or data availability. In this note, we introduce a new dataset covering debates in the Norwegian Parliament in the 1945-2024 period. This dataset, which covers close to one million speeches, includes information about speeches (full text, date of speech, and chamber), speakers’ status (parliamentary president, member of parliament, deputy member of parliament, or cabinet minister), as well as speaker background characteristics (party affiliation, committee membership, district affiliation, rank on electoral lists, gender, and birth year). This dataset will enable extensive research into political representation in a party-centered electoral framework. More broadly, this dataset serves as a vital resource for interdisciplinary research, enabling studies on the evolution of language, rhetoric, and the broader socio-economic factors influencing legislative behavior.publishedVersio
Personality and good business judgement: the bright and dark side of business reasoning
Full text linkThe current study explored the relationship between measures of “bright-side” and “dark-side” personality traits and business reasoning (BR)/judgment using the Hogan Business Reasoning Inventory (HBRI). Participants were a global sample (N = 2,342) who completed the Hogan Personality Inventory (HPI), a bright-side trait measure; the Hogan Development Survey (HDS), a dark-side trait measure; and the HBRI, which is similar to a measure of general cognitive ability. The analyses showed gender effects (men scored higher) but not age effects. Correlation and regression analyses showed that Learning Approach and Adjustment traits were positively associated with business reasoning, while Prudence and Inquisitive traits were negatively associated with business reasoning. In cases where significant dark-side factor relationships were observed, they were negatively associated with business reasoning, except for Reserved and Imaginative traits. However, these traits accounted for relatively little of the variance (approximately 5%) in business reasoning. Stable, ambitious, and intellectually curious individuals who are not high on Conscientiousness and have few dark-side traits appear to be better at business reasoning.publishedVersio
This tree in the forest is mine: The effect of concreteness on psychological ownership
Full text linkThis research examines how the concreteness of product presentations influences consumers’ psychological ownership. Across seven studies, we demonstrate that concrete (vs. abstract) mental processing of products increases psychological ownership, with downstream effects including elevated product valuation. Conversely, abstract descriptions reduce psychological ownership and encourage sharing or trading. We identify several moderators and boundary conditions for the effect, which support that the nature of concrete thinking allows feelings of ownership as it processes a product as a specific instance related to the self. The effect is strongest in an egocentric (self) perspective (vs. allocentric or other based), when the product is attractive, not yet strongly connected to the self and for individuals who seek uniqueness. These findings offer actionable insights for marketers responding to trends favoring temporary access over permanent ownership, suggesting that concrete language can enhance psychological ownership (for temporary access and product care), while abstraction can temper it (to support return, trade, or resale in circular models). This research connects psychological ownership to construal level theory and literature on linguistic concreteness, underscoring how strategic shifts in product representation can foster desired ownership behaviors in a landscape increasingly defined by flexible consumption and sustainable practicespublishedVersio
Bayesian Nonparametric Inference in Bank Business Models with Transient and Persistent Cost Inefficiency
Full text linkThis paper introduces a novel econometric framework for identifying and modeling bank business models (BBMs), which dynamically evolve in response to changing financial and economic conditions. Building on the stochastic frontier literature, we extend the traditional cost-efficiency models by decomposing inefficiency into persistent and transient components. We propose a Bayesian nonparametric approach that adapts to the data through an infinite mixture model with predictor-dependent clustering, enabling a flexible classification of banks into distinct business models. Our method, based on the Logit Stick-Breaking Process (LSBP), provides a data-driven way to capture the heterogeneity in bank strategies, allowing for dynamic transitions between business models over time. This model offers a significant advancement over existing parametric and kernel-based approaches by combining the scalability of nonparametric methods with efficient computational routines. We apply the model to a dataset of European banks and identify four distinct business model clusters, providing novel insights into the evolution of bank performance and efficiency. Our findings contribute to the growing literature on the identification and measurement of bank business models, offering valuable implications for policy and regulatory frameworks