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Judiciary and Good Governance in Contemporary Tanzania: Problems and Prospects
Get PDFThe World Bank identified judiciary among institutions which ran down during centralized governance. The Bank also expressed the need for and willingness to take part in rebuilding these institutions so that they could effectively regulate competing political and economic interests during political pluralism and the free market systems, preserve the rule of law and protect human rights. This study traces the changing role of the judiciary in Tanzania (from being marginal for more than twenty years to becoming central during political pluralism and market economy) and characterizes what has been done by the judiciary as damage limitation. The study notes that in order for these reform initiatives to be effective, public indignation with law and legal institutions need to be recognised and addressed. Such comprehension calls for constructive public participation in legal reform.
Sufian Hemed Bukurura (horn 1956) is Lecturer in Law at the Institute of Development Management (IDM) at Mzumbe, Morogoro (Tanzania). He completed his Ph.D. at the University of Cambridge (England) in February 1994 with a dissertation on local governance and the maintenance of order in rural Tanzania. In May and June 1995 he was a visiting research fellow at Chr. Michelsen Institute. His research interests include: local governance, informal justice mechanisms and public participation in justice administration
Coconuts and Cultivation in the Philippines. A Study of Social Formation in Candelaria, Quezon Province
Get PDFThis study gives a detailed account of coconut production and the social formation of coconut cultivators in a specific locality in the Quezon province on the island of Luzon in the Philippines. Using a theoretical framework drawn from Marxism, the social formation analysed mixes elements from both the feudal and the capital mode of production. The mixture explains the stagnancy of production and the poverty of the cultivators and also the macropolitical context of a privatised state with family dynasties in control to the detriment of the economy and development in general. The study recommends that the appropriate remedy is comprehensive land reform combined with productivity enhancements in the coconut producing sector. If no structural reform is undertaken, stagnancy and deepening poverty will continue to prevail.
Guro Skåre was affiliated to the CMI preparing her MA dissertation at Institute of Geography, University of Bergen. Her main interest of studies is how the feudal inheritance manifest itself in developing countries, and how the feudal challenges can be conquered by development strategies
Land Reforms and Land Degradation in Tanzania: Alternative Economic Approaches
Get PDFThis paper uses as a point of departure the extensive soil erosion problems in the highland area of Western Tanzania. The first part of the paper focuses on the ongoing debate on land reforms in Tanzania, particularly the question of state, village or private land ownership. In the second part, a microeconomic model of farm decision-making is developed, where the focus is on two factors which are important to the magnitude of soil erosion: (i) existing intensity of production (overexploitation of land), and (ii) investments in soil conservation. We also develop a model to study migration to/from the highlands, and thereby the impact of different property regimes and other economic factors on soil erosion
Value-Added Taxation in Tanzania?
Get PDFIs Tanzania ready for a value-added tax (V AT)? The purpose of this paper is to answer this and other related questions that are often asked about value-added taxation in developing countries, to consider how a V AT might be implemented in Tanzania, and to discuss possible obstacles and alternatives
South African Manufacturing Industries - Catching up or Falling Behind?
Get PDFThis paper argues that intraindustry trade with developed countries is an important source of technology transfer, and creates incentives to climb up the learning curve. South Africa has an industrial structure that could be suited to such trade, but high costs and weak social capacity to assimilate technology are an impediment to productivity growth. Therefore, reintegration into the world economy is likely to reinforce dependence on resource-intensive industries. In the short run this need not adversely affect economic growth, but unless the quality and quantity of education are improved, the prospects for rebuilding the technological capacity and catch up with OECD countries are bleak
From Nation-Building to Popular Culture: The Modernization of Performance in Tanzania
Get PDFThis study focuses on Tanzania's efforts to use elements from ethnic expressive arts in political propaganda and in the creation of a national culture after Independence. It analyses why nationalized traditional dances failed to work as national symbols, and further shows how certain central aspects of traditional ritual performance - aspects lost with the "nationalization and modernization of the dances - are now being carried on in a genuinely new cultural form: commercial popular theatre to entertain the low-income masses in Dar es Salaam.
Siri Lange (born 1966) completed her Cand. polit. degree in social anthropology in 1994. She is presently affiliated to Chr. Michelsen Institute as a Ph.D. student sponsored by the Research Council of Norway. The project is an extension of her earlier work on Tanzania, and bears the working title "Politics from below: Popular culture, political consciousness and nation in Tanzania"
Taxation and Tax Reforms in Tanzania: A Survey
Get PDFThis paper reviews the tax system in Tanzania, and gives particular attention to the tax reform proposals presented in the Report of the Presidential Commission on Taxation. In considering the effects of the "low-rate, broad-base" tax reform strategy that has been adopted, it is argued that there are major shortcomings in the implementation of the tax reform. This particularly relates to the continuous and widespread tax evasion, extensive tax exemptions and inefficient tax administration. The discussion in this paper reinforces the arguments for improving the quantitative analysis of revenue policy, and taking more specific and focused measures to improve tax administration
Et lite offer? En analyse av årsakene til det diplomatiske bruddet mellom Norge og Kenya i 1990
Get PDFDen 22. oktober 1990 ble den norske ambassadøren innkalt til det kenyanske utenriksdepartementet; kenyanske myndigheter hadde besluttet å bryte de diplomatiske forbindelsene med Norge. Dette var resultatet av en unik hendelse både i norsk og kenyansk diplomatisk historie. Aldri tidligere hadde kenyanske myndigheter brutt diplomatiske forbindelser med en vestlig stat. Aldri tidligere hadde en stat i fredstid brutt forbindelsene med en legal norsk regjering. Denne studien er en bred historisk analyse av årsakene og omstendighetene som ledet opp til det diplomatiske bruddet mellom Norge og Kenya. Denne rapporten er en noe omarbeidet versjon av en hovedfagsoppgave med samme tittel.
On 22 October 1990 the Norwegian ambassador to Kenya was summoned to the Kenyan Ministry of Foreign Affairs; the Kenyan Government had decided to break diplomatic relations with Norway. The decision on the part of the Kenyan Government was unique in the diplomatic history of Kenya as an independent state. From a Norwegian vantage point, the event was also unprecedented; never in peacetime had any country severed its diplomatic relations with Norway, This study is a broad historical analyses of the factors and circumstances leading up to severance of diplomatic relations between Norway and Kenya, This report is a slightly revised edition of a Cand. polit thesis by the same title.
Hilde Beate Selbervik (born 1968) completed her Cand. Polit degree in history in 1995. She is presently working as an research assistant at Chr.
Michelsen Institute
Local Government and Decentralisation in Sub-Saharan Africa. An Annotated Bibliography
Get PDFA renewed interest in local government and decentralisation in developing countries has emerged in recent years, and many students now turn to this subject. A substantial literature is already available, even if a lot more needs to be done. The present work is an attempt to guide new students of African local government to some of these contributions. The first part of the paper provides a rough categorisation of the literature, and the second part contains a short presentation of books and artic1es. The bibliography is by no means complete
Migrant Fishermen in Congo: Tradition and Modernity
Get PDFThe report presents an empirical analysis of the dynamics of the community of Béninois (Popo) migrant fishermen in Pointe-Noire. The treatment of historical data from the period prior to their establishment 30 years ago, as well as from their time in Pointe-Noire, throws new lights on the causes behind their migration and the establishment of a highly capital intensive and market integrated production system. It also reveals that considerable changes in terms of organisation and recruitment in production, distributionof power and external relations have taken place. These changes are members and to the intricate combination of traditional and modern values on which the community is based.
Eyolf Jul-Larsen is a social anthropologist and research fellow at the Chr. Michelsen Institute. He has done several field works among fishermen in Mali, Kenya and Congo/Benin. At present he is co-editing an anthology on West African Canoe Fisheries and pursues research on the issue of migration in West Africa. He has extensive experience as advisor to various governments on fisheries development in Africa