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A review of game theoretic models of fishing
Get PDFGame theory is a formal tool for analysing strategic interaction between a finite number of agents. The fact that usually more than one entity or agent has property rights to fishery resources, has led to an explosion in the use of game theory and applications thereof to analyse fishery management problems. This review shows that game theoretic modelling has made significant contributions to our understanding of the problems of fishery resource management. However, many challenges still remain. For instance, models of straddling stocks are yet to be fully developed. In addition, fisheries economists have not yet fully exploited the opportunity provided by computational methods now available, and the ever increasing power of computers, to develop more empirical game theoretic models for practical fisheries management
Utdrag av norsk flyktningdebatt 1985-1995. Eit styrande perspektiv?
Get PDFThe report gives an overview of the main trends and changes in Norwegian refugee policy since 1945. The focus is on the more recent Norwegian political debate concerning refugee questions. Two major political actors, the Norwegian Labour Party and the Conservative Party, are examined. Their views and opinions are discussed in the light of normative political theories. The debates in the Norwegian parliament on the refugee policy in the years from 1985 to 1995 have been analysed, as well as the political programmes of the two parties.
Gro Tjore finished her degree in political science at the University of Bergen in November 1996, and is currently working at the Chr. Michelsen Institute
CMI and Bangladesh: 40 years of collaboration and institutional capacity building
Get PDFThe report reviews CMI's experience of technical assistance and institutional collaboration in Bangladesh, from the involvement of individual staff members working as experts in Pakistan in the late 1950s to the formal institutional cooperation agreements between CMI and the Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS) since the late 1970s and until recently. The three BIDS-CMI cooperation agreements are examined in detail through their various stages of design, negotiation and implementation, providing a vivid illustration of the issues involved in institutional capacity building through research cooperation. Armindo Miranda, Senior Research Fellow at CMI, has been active in BIDS-CMI collaboration since his stay as a visiting scholar at BIDS in 1977-78, working on population issues in Bangladesh; more recently he coordinated the BIDS-CMI collaboration agreements for CMI.
Ole David Koht Norbye, Senior Consultant at CMI, carried out numerous assignments in Bangladesh throughout his career, including a long-term period of residence in Dhaka as adviser to the World Bank sponsored Trade and Industry Policy Reform Programme (TIP). He has also written extensively about the history of CMI and its Development Research and Action Programme (DERAP)
Kriterier for fordeling av nødhjelpsmidler - en analyse av norske private organisasjoner
Get PDFThe report focuses on criteria for allocation of humanitarian assistance. It analyses major Norwegian NGOs (Norwegian Red Cross, Norwegian People's Aid, Norwegian Church Aid, Norwegian Refugee Council and Save the Children Foundation, Norway) and their selection of emergency situations to get involved in. It is argued that the selection criteria applied may be either explicit or implicit. Organisational goals appear to play an important role as implicit criteria. Also examined is the role of the Norwegian
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the mass media in setting the parameters and constraints for the NGO's choices. The decision-making processes of aid allocation to alleviate the crises in Angola, Liberia, Somalia and Rwanda are offered as examples. Bente Hybertsen completed her degree in political science at the University of Bergen in November 1996, and is currently working as a research assistant at the Chr. Michelsen Institute
Teoriskapt virkelighet? Ny-klassisk teori og kvinnelige økonomiske aktører
Get PDFKjønnsaspektet er generelt sett fraværende i økonomiske analyser. Fraværet er tradisjonelt blitt oppfattet som en refleksjon av de økonomiske problemstilingenes og den økonomiske teoriens
kjønnsnøytralitet, men er i den senere tid blitt kritisert for å skjule en grunnleggende forskjellsbehandling av mannlige og kvinnelige økonomiske aktører. I denne artikkelen har vi satt
søkelyset på tradisjonell ny-klassisk teori og undersøkt denne teoriens grunnleggende eksplisitte og implisitte antagelser for om mulig å avdekke om teorien forskjellsbehandler kvinner og menn.
Konklusjonen er at det gjør den, hovedsakelig ved å ekskludere typiske kvinnelige aktiviteter og kvinnelig verdiskapning fra økonomiske analyser
State - Local Community Games of Forest Land Appropriation
Get PDFThis paper explores possible strategic interactions between the state and local community in games of tropical forest land appropriation. Two key questions are addressed. First, how does the structure of the game influence the extent of deforestation? Second, under which circumstances does higher forest appropriation by the state promote local deforestation? Three different cases are discussed, corresponding to a development over time towards increased forest land competition and integration of the local community into the national economy. Particular attention is given to the assumptions made about the local economy and the local costs of state deforestation. The local response to more state appropriation depends critically on these assumptions, and less on the structure of the game (Cournot or Stackelberg). The state will fuel local deforestation if state deforestation is associated with provision of infrastructure (roads) which reduces the local costs of agricultural expansion, or if the local economy is isolated (autarky) and local behaviour is determined by survival needs rather than income maximization
Can national identity be built on local democracy?
Get PDFIn Ethiopia, with 85 % of the population in agriculture, most of them illiterate, democratisation has to work against adverse experience: Peasants can refer back to democratic traditions on local level. But their experience with state authorities for the last 20 and even 100 years is only negative. They had to accept that authority means the power to enforce anything on the people. They are used to obey, if only to avoid severe punishment. However, democratic practice can not be introduced from above: Local as well as central authorities will always respect only as much democracy as the people demand and enforce up on them. A teaching programme in rural Ethiopia is described, which tries to show to local people that they have democratic rights and that they have to put them into practice by living them and by demanding them from their superiors
Turning but not Toppling Malthus: Boserupian Theory on Population and the Environment Relationships
Get PDFSubsequently to the Brundtland Report, the 1992 Earth Summit, and the resu1ting Agenda 21, the issue of population and development has increasingly evolved into discussion on the "population, environment and development nexus". In the face of this new mandate for research on population, environment and development dynamics, theoretical frameworks are limited. Conceptual thinking on population and environment within both the social and natural sciences has traditionally suffered from a long-term confinement within opposing "Malthusian" versus "Cornucopian" views. The work of Ester Boserup, however, continues to transcend the boundaries of this polarized discourse. This paper reviews the main points of Boserupian theory and its relevance to developing regions, in particular to sub-Saharan Africa. Recent reinterpretations of Boserup's work relevant to population and environment relationships in developing countries are also considered
Some reasons why capital does not flow from rich to poor countries
Get PDFThis paper introduces endogenous adoption costs for productive assets in a Ramsey type growth model with international capital flows. There are two c1asses of productive assets: owner-specific and location-specific. Adoption costs are an increasing function of the level of technology embodied in the investor's owner-specific assets and a dec1ining function of the host country's location-specific assets. In this setting the return to capital is low in capital-poor countries. Consequently, they receive small amounts of foreign investments. Further, even though capital flows from North are spread evenly across industries in the South, the relative importance of high-technology industries is small in terms of output
Evolutionary Game Theory and the Battle of the Sexes
Get PDFThis paper presents an outline of different approaches within evolutionary game theory and sees these approaches in relation to the problem of choosing among multiple equilibria in normal form games. More specifically the paper extends the analysis of Mailath, Kandori and Rob (1993) addressing 2x2 player symmetric games to cover 2x2 player asymmetric games. Utilising an evolutionary model with a finite and equal number of players within two different player populations and allowing for mutations perpetuating the system way from its deterministic evolution, we show that for the asymmetric "battle of the sexes" game the long run equilibrium (for large populations) chosen satisfies the Harsany and Selten (1988) criterion for risk dominance. In games with player-specific risk, that is in games where the players face identical risks regardless of the strategy chosen, but where the players from the different population face different risks, the population size N does not influence the equilibrium chosen. In such games the long run equilibrium is the equilibrium with the largest surplus product