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Monetary Variables in Macmod. A note concerning the introduction of monetary variables in the Tanzanian macro economic model: Macmod
Get PDFThis paper discusses the relationship between money supply and production in Tanzania, wit special reference to Macmod, the macroeconomic model for Tanzania. The relationship between money supply and production is seen as being neither direct nor simple in nature: the paper argues that the money supply does not impact production directly, but via inflation. Other things being equal, one may consequently expect money supply to influence inflation, and inflation to affect production
Korrumperer korrupsjon? En dynamisk analyse av korrupsjonsnivå
Get PDFIn this study dynamic analysis is applied to model changes in the level of corruption in institutions. An existing static model of corruption is evaluated and developed to incorporate dynamics. The numerical simulation programme Powersim is used to analyse the impacts of changes in different explanatory parameters on the extent of corruption
The institutionalisation of the Tanzanian opposition parties: How stable are they?
Get PDFIn 1992, legislation formally ended the nearly 30 year domination of the one-party state in Tanzania, part of a democratisation wave that appeared to sweep through Africa in the late 80s and early 90s. In Tanzania by 1993, there were a total of 51 parties formally registered or in the process of registering. Today, this fragmentation has been reduced to 13 legally registered political parties.
This article, as an abstract from an MPA thesis, focuses on the institutionalisation of the five main opposition parties that have emerged since 1992: the NCCR-Mageuzi, CHADEMA, CUF, UDP, and TLP. Specifically, through the use of a four dimensional party institutionalisation model, this article discusses some of the key factors that limit these five parties in operating as stable institutions in a political environment still dominated by the incumbent regime, the Chama Cha Mapinduzi
Mozambique - a sub-Saharan African NIC?
Get PDFThis paper analyzes and explains foreign direct investment (FDI) in Mozambique. The country was one of the fastest growing countries in the world during the second half of the 1990s, and FDI has followed growth with a lag. FDI is dominated by South African and Portuguese companies, it is concentrated in the Maputo corridor, and one major project, an aluminium smelter plant, accounts for more than 60 per cent of total accumulated FDI. The driving forces for FDI appear to be access to natural resources, particularly cheap energy, a reasonably well developed infrastructure and regional economic integration. The most important direct impact of FDI in Mozambique is export earnings, easing the foreign exchange constraint on investments. Since the foreign investments are concentrated in mature, capital-intensive industries, job creation is limited and depends on the development of backward linkages to the local economy
Poverty and development in Tanzania: A discussion note
Get PDFThis brief discussion note is focusing on major policy issues confronting Tanzania when aiming at a substantial reduction in poverty level over the next decades. The government has high ambitions for creating high quality livelihoods and eradication of extreme poverty by year 2025, within a liberal growth-oriented development framework. The starting point is most challenging with widespread poverty and a relatively weak state highly dependent on international donors. It is therefore not realistic that Tanzania will achieve the International Development Target in reducing the poverty level.
The paper proposes to analyse five dimensions of policies for poverty reduction. The government will have to make a number of policy choices and trade-offs when attempting to combine economic opportunities with protection of safeguards and minimum rights. The paper reveals many uncertainties about the level and trends in poverty, and a stronger effort should be made to improve data and analysis.
Most important is to generate a better understanding of the causes and social dynamics of poverty, and to monitor the effects of various policy initiatives
Taxation, coercion and donors. Local government tax enforcement in Tanzania
Get PDFThis paper presents three propositions about tax collection in local authorities in Tanzania. First, revenue performance depends on the degree of coercion involved in tax enforcement. Second, the extent of coercion depends on the bargaining powers of the stakeholders involved in the tax enforcement process. In particular, the "balance of power" between elected councillors and the local government administration is important. Third, the presence of donors in a local authority may be crucial by changing the "balance of power" with implications for accountability and democratic development. These results may explain why we observe widespread differences in revenue performance between local authorities
Countries in violent conflict and aid strategies: The case of Sri Lanka
No full textIn countries with an ongoing violent conflict aid donors are confronted by four sets of issues: How the volume and orientation of the program may influence a peace process; whether development efforts may be undertaken in rebel controlled territories; and how an early rehabilitation program may affect the long term process. In this article we analyze the strategies applied in Sri Lanka by donors applying a traditional development approach and those following a more comprehensive approach. Dilemmas are created vis-à-vis both the governments and the rebels' policies and interests. Four general conclusions underline the political nature of development aid programs during a violent conflict
Angola 1999/2000. Key Development Issues and National Research Capacity
Get PDFThis is the first report on Angola under the Country Advisor Agreement between the Norwegian Agency for Development Co-operation (NORAD), the Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI) and the Nordic Consulting Group (NCG). The report consists of two parts. Part I comprises an assessment and a synthesis of basic information regarding economic, political and social developments in the country. It devotes particular attention to the current politico-military situation in which UNITA seems to be suffering decisive military defeat, and the options for using Angolas vast oil income for economic and social development in a situation where relative peace appear promising. Part II gives an overview over the system of tertiary education and existing social science capacity in Angola. It is argued that the lack of updated and relevant information about socio-economic conditions in the country will be a major constraint in the planning and implementation of development policies and programmes
Environment, society and the state in southwestern Eritrea
Get PDFThis paper examines the relationships between environment, society and the state in the Gash-Setit region, western Eritrea. Through an examination of the environmental narrative of the local communities and the state, the study explores the different factors that have contributed to the environmental crisis in the region. These factors include population settlements, agricultural development policy of the state, war, drought and the disintegration of traditional management of the environment. A combined effect of the working of these factors has created environmental stresses in the Gash-Setit area. The environmental strains have far-reaching consequences for state-society and inter community relations. The analysis incorporates historical, cultural and political dimensions to the understanding of the relationships between environment, society and the state
The Role of Government in Growth and Income Distribution: The Case of Botswana
Get PDFBotswana has experienced one of the highest growth rates in the world over the past three decades. Growth can, however, be attributed to a long-lived diamond sector boom and the injection of mineral revenue into the economy through government expenditure and government production of goods and services. Botswana has at present one of the highest government expenditure/GDP rates in the world. Still the country has one of the most unequal distributions of income in the world, and the largest discrepancies between economic and social development. This report analyzes the performance of the Botswana public sector, its role in the economy as a provider of public and private goods, its role in income distribution and its activities’ impact on economic growth. It is argued that the government needs to reduce its share in total expenditure by 10-15 percentage points in order to facilitate a transition from mineral and government-led growth to sustained economic growth based on a diversified private sector. Further, it is argued that a more equal distribution of income is imperative for sustained growth