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A three boron doped B/O/N multi-resonant TADF emitter for improved reverse intersystem crossing rate and efficient pure blue organic light-emitting diodes
No full textMultiresonant thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) compounds exhibit significant potential as emitters in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) due to their bright, narrowband emission, which provides a solution to the color saturation required by industry for ultra-high definition (UHD) displays. Here, we report the smallest three boron doped MR-TADF emitter (TBDON), a design that fuses two boron-contacting MR-TADF emitters, DOBNA and ADBNA-Me-Mes, together. The resulting emitter, TBDON, shows desirable narrowband pure blue emission (λPL = 472 nm with FWHM = 28 nm) and efficient TADF with efficient reverse intersystem crossing (RISC), supported by a relatively fast kRISC of 7.8 × 104 s−1. The OLED with TBDON showed a high maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 24.4%, an EQE of 17.2% at 100 cd m−2, and Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.14, 0.16). The ternary device employing DMAC-DPS as an assistant dopant showed improved performance with a higher EQEmax of 28.1% and milder efficiency roll-off with an EQE100/1000 of 24.4/17.5%. The high device performance demonstrates the promise of the proposed molecular design
The V5-epitope tag for cell engineering and its use in immunohistochemistry and quantitative flow cytometry
No full textSynthetic biology has fundamentally advanced cell engineering and helped to develop effective therapeutics such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells. For these applications, the detection, localization, and quantification of heterologous fusion proteins assembled from interchangeable building blocks is of high importance. The V5 tag, a 14-residue epitope tag, offers promising characteristics for these applications but has only rarely been used in this context. Thus, we have systematically evaluated the murine anti-V5 tag antibody mu_SV5-Pk1 as well as its humanized version, hu_SV5-Pk1, to analyze cells expressing V5-tagged receptors in samples from various in vitro and in vivo experiments. We found that the V5 tag signal on cells is affected by certain fixation and detachment reagents. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) mouse tissue samples was performed to sensitively detect cells in tissue. We improved IHC by applying the hu_SV5-Pk1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) to avoid cross-reactivity within and unspecific background signals arising on fixed mouse tissue. Conversely, the absence of unspecific binding by the mu_SV5-Pk1 mAb was evaluated on 46 human normal or cancer tissues. Our findings present a robust toolbox for utilizing the V5 tag and cognate antibodies in synthetic biology applications
Sex differences in the risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection:a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based immunoreactivity surveys
No full textBackground Tuberculosis killed 1·25 million people globally in 2023. Men have a 1·7 times higher tuberculosis incidence than women, but it is not known to what extent this discrepancy is driven by greater exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We aimed to analyse the effect of age and sex on M tuberculosis immunoreactivity. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we reviewed Embase, Global Health databases, Science Citation Index Expanded, and Global Index Medicus for population-based M tuberculosis immunoreactivity (with interferon-γ release assay or skin test) surveys done in high tuberculosis incidence settings from Jan 1, 1993, to Dec 31, 2022, with a sample size of at least 150 people. We included cross-sectional surveys, baseline surveys for interventional or cohort studies, and control groups of case–control studies with population-representative groups. We extracted data on M tuberculosis immunoreactivity prevalence, disaggregated by sex and age group. We constructed Bayesian hierarchical models, first of immunoreactivity prevalence by age and sex and second of the male-to-female (M:F) prevalence ratio by age. We analysed the effect of covariables including region, tuberculosis incidence, and study year. This study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022360483). Findings We screened 26 517 studies, of which 167 met our inclusion criteria. Sex-disaggregated results were available from 80 studies (81 surveys), from 38 different countries, comprising data from 478 968 participants. We found little sex difference in M tuberculosis immunoreactivity in childhood (M:F prevalence ratio for children younger than 10 years was 0·95; 95% credible interval 0·90–1·01). However, from adolescence onwards, men experienced higher immunoreactivity conversion than women (1·4 times higher by age 30 years). This higher conversion rate cumulatively drove a higher immunoreactivity prevalence in men, with a prevalence ratio of 1·07 (95% credible interval 1·01–1·13) in those aged 10–19 years, 1·13 (1·06–1·20) in those aged 20–39 years, and 1·28 (1·19–1·37) for those aged 40 years and older. Adult men had consistently higher M tuberculosis prevalence across different settings, with low between-study heterogeneity in M:F prevalence ratio. Interpretation Men have higher M tuberculosis immunoreactivity risk than women, which is likely to be a key driver of the sex differences in global tuberculosis morbidity and mortality. This difference could be due to higher exposure through social and behavioural differences in time spent in congregate indoor spaces where tuberculosis transmission occurs, further amplified by longer duration of infectiousness in men, and age-assortative and sex-assortative mixing. Public health interventions addressing men's determinants of M tuberculosis exposure will be crucial to ending the tuberculosis epidemic
Evaluation of Cu- and Mn-doped Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/NiO composites as cathodes for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells
No full textThis work advances Co3O4–NiO-based composite cathodes for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). In this study, we investigate the potential benefits of combining two electronically conducting phases in a composite system (Co3O4/NiO) and of doping this with Mn and Cu. The undoped, Mn-doped, and Mn/Cu-doped composites were synthesised and subjected to comprehensive structural, morphological, and electrochemical characterisation. X-ray diffraction confirmed phase purity, with Mn preferentially incorporating into the Co3O4 lattice, reducing crystallite size and enhancing surface area. Electron microscopy revealed that Mn doping suppressed particle agglomeration, promoting uniform porosity, while dynamic light scattering confirmed the presence of nanoparticles in this composition. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrated superior catalytic performance for the Mn-doped composite, with distribution of relaxation time (DRT) analysis indicating accelerated oxygen reduction kinetics. Humidification of the cathode gas slightly increased polarization resistance, which is consistent with electronic conduction being dominant. Thermal stability tests confirmed chemical compatibility with GDC and YSZ electrolytes during annealing at 800 °C for 100 h. The Mn-doped composite emerged as the best candidate, balancing microstructural properties, rapid charge-transfer dynamics, and thermal stability, positioning it as a competitive cathode material for energy-efficient SOFCs
Old Testament Pseudepigraph, volume 2:More Noncanonical Scriptures
No full textJames R. Davila and Richard Bauckham (eds.) (Eerdmans) (324,000 words, 23 contributors, about 25 texts). My contributions are "Introduction" (3,375 words), "The Book of Giants: General Introduction" (12,274 words), and "The Book of the Mysteries ('Sefer Ha-Razim)" (33,897 words),
Allometric scale model reveals temperature effects on growth and reproduction in <i>Daphnia magna</i>
No full textClimate change amplifies temperature variability, thereby subjecting organisms to increased stress as they more frequently encounter temperatures outside their optimal range. Temperature influences resource distribution across fundamental processes in organisms, such as metabolism, reproduction and overall fitness, yet energy allocation strategies are primarily understood under stable temperature conditions. Predicting organisms’ responses to fluctuating temperatures, however, remains challenging. To address this gap, we develop an allometric growth model to predict energy allocation between growth and reproduction under both constant and variable temperature conditions. The model predictions perform and align well with the observed growth patterns of Daphnia magna, a keystone species in aquatic ecosystems, exposed to various thermal scenarios. Results indicate that exposure to unpredictabl
Identifying clusters of multimorbid disease and differences by age, sex, and socioeconomic status:a systematic review
No full textBackgroundThe prevalence of multimorbidity has been growing due to the ageing population and increasingly unhealthy lifestyles. There is interest in identifying clusters of disease and how they are influenced.AimsThis systematic review aims to (i) investigate the most common clusters in the adult population with multimorbidity (ii) identify methods used to define clusters (iii) examine if clusters differ based on age, sex and socioeconomic status.MethodsWe searched Medline, Embase, SCOPUS, Web of Science Core Collection, and CINAHL using concepts of multimorbidity and clustering techniques to identify relevant papers. Secondary data, including commonly reported clustering techniques, identified clusters, and other characteristics were extracted. All studies were quality assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Bias scale.ResultsFrom a total of 24,231 papers, 125 were included in the review. There was a total of 918 different clusters identified, which were categorized into 59 broad groups. A cardiometabolic cluster appeared most frequently within the identified studies and across age strata. The most common clustering technique was Latent Class Analysis (n = 51). Disease cluster prevalence appeared to differ based on age, whereas no differences could be identified by sex.ConclusionAcross the 125 papers identified, irrespective of clustering method, a relatively common set of clusters of disease were found. The Cardiometabolic cluster was the most frequently identified cluster across all age groups. Studies that stratified participants by age or sex identified distinct clusters within each subgroup, which differed from those observed in clusters formed from the general adult population (18+).Latent class analysis was the most common clustering technique within this review, but it was not explored if different clustering methods led to different clusters. Further work is needed to distinguish the most prevalent clusters within specific stratified cohorts of different ages, sex, and socioeconomic status; nonetheless, data strongly suggests that there are different clusters that arise dependent on stratifications. With the expected increasing burden of multimorbidity, healthcare services may need to think about the most prevalent disease combinations within certain strata and how joint-specialist services can be tailored to treat those common conditions
The Rise and Fall of Fossil Fuels: Convergence or Industrialization?
No full textWe challenge conventional explanations of the Environmental Kuznets Curve(EKC) by demonstrating that changes in emission intensity, not GDP growth,drive its shape. Using novel historical data on CO2 and SO2 emissions, wedevelop a multi-sector general equilibrium model incorporating both structuraltransformation and capital accumulation. Our model, calibrated to UK datafrom 1560-2001, accurately reproduces observed patterns in sectoral shifts, cap-ital accumulation, and emission intensity. Counterfactual simulations revealthat structural transformation, not capital accumulation, is the primary forcebehind the hump-shaped emission intensity curve - accounting for around two-thirds of the observed hum-shaped pattern. These findings have far-reachingimplications for the role of economic growth on emissions and associated cli-mate policy