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Le trust, fondement juridique du capitalisme patrimonial
No full textLa présente contribution vise à montrer l’intérêt de prendre en compte le droit dans une analyse économique institutionnelle du type de celle produite par la Théorie de la Régulation (TR). A partir du diagnostic initial sur le rôle des fonds de pension américains dans la macroéconomie fordiste, il s’agit d’éclairer leur évolution récente en introduisant un paramètre jusqu’ici peu exploité : l’effet des règles juridiques sur les comportements économiques. L’analyse consiste à suivre les transformations de la forme juridique utilisée pour gérer l’épargne financière des salariés, le trust. Outil traditionnel du droit anglo-américain pour déposséder un bénéficiaire placé sous curatelle, le trust reproduit cette asymétrie structurelle lorsqu’il est utilisé dans les dispositifs d’épargne salariale. La libéralisation financière des années 1970-1980 va certes construire une définition libérale de l’investisseur financier mais sans renoncer pour autant à cette inféodation des salariés. Il en résulte une situation salariale hybride, exposée aux risques financiers conformément à la figure de l’investisseur averti, mais bridée dans ces choix, selon l’héritage du trust. De manière duale, il en résulte simultanément pour les intermédiaires financiers une position avantageuse : l’immobilisation de l’épargne salariale dans le trust leur confère la maîtrise de la liquidité sur les marchés financiers sans qu’ils aient à prendre les risques financiers associés.Cette analyse juridico-économique, en explorant l’origine juridique du statut salarial dans les dispositifs d’épargne financière, aide à comprendre la teneur de la domination de la finance sur le rapport salarial. Le trust constitue l’impensé du pouvoir de la finance.ouinonouirechercheNationa
Annales du LAMSADE - Proceedings of the DIMACS –LAMSADE Workshop on Voting Theory And Preference Modelling Paris, 25–28 October 2006
No full textouinonouirechercheInternationa
The role of architectural players in coopetition: the case of the US defense industry
No full textIn recent years, papers on coopetition have flourished. Some theoretical issues, however, remain unexplored. In the first section of the chapter, we shall present the theoretical issues in a more developed manner. In the second part, we shall give details of our methodological choices. Then, we shall analyze three sequences of coopetition in the studied industry and highlight the theoretical issues in the conclusion.ouinonouirechercheInternationa
Un mécanisme de négociation multicritère pour le commerce électronique
No full textDans cet article nous présentons un mécanisme denégociation multicritère pour le commerce électronique,basé sur un modèle multicritère utilisant des points deréférence. Selon ce modèle, l'acheteur doit spécifier unpoint d'aspiration qui exprime les valeurs souhaitées surchaque attribut décrivant le produit à acheter et un pointd'exigence qui représente les valeurs minimalesacceptables sur chaque critère. Le mécanisme denégociation utilise un protocole d'enchères anglaisesinversées et conduit la négociation vers le pointd'aspiration de l'acheteur en assurant un contrôle directsur le processus d'échanges.In this paper we present a multi-attribute negotiationmechanism for electronic commerce which is based on amulticriteria model using reference points. According tothe model, the buyer must specify an aspiration point thatexpresses his desired values on the attributes and areservation point that represents the minimal valuesrequired. The negotiation mechanism uses an Englishreverse auction protocol and leads the negotiation to thebuyer’s aspiration point by providing a direct control onthe bidding process.KeywordsouinonouirechercheNationa
Valued hesitation in intervals comparison
No full textThe paper presents a valued extension of the recently introduced concept of PQI interval order. The main idea is that, while comparing objects represented by interval of values there is a zone of hesitation between strict difference and strict similarity which could be modelled through valued relations. The paper presents suitable definitions of such valued relations fulfilling a number of interesting properties. The use of such a tool in data analysis and rough sets theory is discussed in the paper.ouinonouirechercheInternationa
The Comparative Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Weight and Type 2 Diabetes
No full textBackground: Epidemiological evidence confirms that risk of developing type 2 diabetes is related to weight gain. Weight reduction is beneficial as relative risk is reduced to 0.13 for weight loss >20 kg. This raises the question of effectiveness of bariatric surgery on 1) weight loss and 2) diabetes-related outcomes in morbidly obese patients.Methods: We reviewed the literature using Medline. Only 2 meta-analyses reporting on both outcomes were included, as well as 50 systematic reviews or primary studies.Results: Meta-analyses mainly based on case series data as well as controlled studies confirm that bariatric surgery is highly effective in obtaining weight reduction in morbidly obese patients up to 60% of the excess weight, along with resolution of preoperative diabetes in more than 75% of cases. Among bariatric surgery techniques, malabsorptive procedures (biliopancreatic diversion and gastric bypass) appear to be more effective on both outcomes than restrictive procedures (gastroplasty and gastric banding).Conclusion: Even if more studies are needed to confirm current evidence, bariatric surgery is effective for controlling diabetes. It appears as an efficient strategy from economic modeling due to savings from reduction in diabetes-related costs.ouinonouirechercheInternationa
A survey of query recommendation techniques for data warehouse exploration
No full textLots of data are gathered in datawarehouses that are navigated andexplored for analytical purposes. Only recently has the problem of recommending a datawarehouse query to a datawarehouse user attracted attention. In this paper, we propose a simple formal framework for expressing datawarehouse queryrecommendations. We propose to see the problem of recommending a datawarehouse query for exploration purposes as a function computing a set of queriesand associated ratings given a query log, a session, a user profile, a datawarehouse instance, and an expectation function. The rating computed indicates theusefulness of each query for a session. With this viewpoint, we review and categorize the few techniques that, to the best of our knowledge, have been proposedand we illustrate them with a case study.ouinonouirechercheInternationa
Bounded single-peaked width and proportional representation
No full textThis paper is devoted to the proportional representation (PR) problem when the preferences are clustered single-peaked. PR is a “multi-winner” election problem, that we study in Chamberlin and Courant’s scheme [6]. We define clustered single-peakedness as a form of single-peakedness with respect to clusters of candidates, i.e. subsets of candidates that are consecutive (in arbitrary order) in the preferences of all voters. We show that the PR problem becomes polynomial when the size of the largest cluster of candidates (width) is bounded. Furthermore, we establish the polynomiality of determining the single-peaked width of a preference profile (minimum width for a partition of candidates into clusters compatible with clustered single-peakedness) when the preferences are narcissistic (i.e., every candidate is the most preferred one for some voter).nonouirechercheInternationa