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Quel devoir de vigilance pour les sociétés mères et les donneurs d’ordre ?
No full textnonouinon-rechercheNationa
Health Capacity to Work at Older Ages in France
No full textFrance stands out as a country with a low labor force attachment of older workers. A reversal in the trend of French labor participation rates over 50 is under way, partly due to the pension reforms that took place since 1993. The French ageing process is driven by large gains in life expectancy and Pension reforms allocate part of these gains to work rather than to retirement. The implicit assumptions guiding the reforms have been that additional years of life are years with a health status that can be considered reasonably compatible with work. If this is not the case, the idea of sharing these additional years of life between work and retirement is questionable.Considering mortality and health status, we question the fact that the reforms may have gone too far in increasing the retirement age. To tackle these issues, we rely on two different methodological approaches developed in the economic literature: one based on the gap in employment rates across time for given mortality rates; the other using the work/health relationship measured at certain ages to predict the health-related work capacity of older age groups at the same period of time. Both methods aim at providing measures of additional work capacity. This capacity may be defined as a measure of the distance between current retirement ages and what we call the “health barrier”, i.e. the age at which health prevents people from working longer.Both methods predict high average levels of additional work capacity. However, the picture becomes somewhat different when disaggregating the results by social groups or education. Our results emphasize the idea that policies aiming at activating any estimated additional work capacity should take into account, when possible, the heterogeneity of health conditions in the population. Moreover, additional work capacity cannot be a general indicator of how much seniors should work. The methods used here indeed leave aside many factors that determine the employment rate of older workers.nonouirechercheInternationa
Reliable Composite Web Services Execution: Towards a Dynamic Recovery Decision
No full textDuring the execution of a Composite Web Service (CWS), different faults may occur that cause WSs failures. There exist strategies that can be applied to repair these failures, such as: WS retry, WS substitution, compensation, roll-back, or replication. Each strategy has advantages and disadvantages on different execution scenarios and can produce different impact on the CWS QoS. Hence, it is important to define a dynamic fault tolerant strategy which takes into account environment and execution information to accordingly decide the appropriate recovery strategy. We present a preliminary study in order to analyze the impact on the CWS total execution time of different recovery strategies on different scenarios. The experimental results show that under different conditions, recovery strategies behave differently. This analysis represents a first step towards the definition of a model to dynamically decide which recovery strategy is the best choice by taking into account the context-information when the failure occurs.nonouirechercheInternationa
On minimal two-edge-connected graphs
No full textGiven G = (V;E) an undirected graph and a nonnegative cost function c : E → ℚ, the 2-edge connected spanning subgraph problem (TECSP for short) is to find a two-edge connected subgraph HP = (V; F) of G with minimum cost (i.e., c(F) = Σe∈F c(e) is minimum). If c(e) > 0 for all e ∈ E then every optimal solution for TECSP is an inclusionwise minimal two-edge connected subgraph. In this paper we provide preliminary results, from a polyhedral point of view, concerning the inclusionwise minimal solutions of TECSP. This problem is clearly NP-Hard. We propose an ILP formulation for the problem and study the associated polytope for the wheels. Morever, we describe some valid inequalities and propose a branch-and-cut algorithm for the problem.nonouirechercheInternationa
Linear Kernels and Single-Exponential Algorithms via Protrusion Decompositions
No full textWe present a linear-time algorithm to compute a decomposition scheme for graphs G that have a set X ⊆ V(G), called a treewidth-modulator, such that the treewidth of G − X is bounded by a constant. Our decomposition, called a protrusion decomposition, is the cornerstone in obtaining the following two main results. Our first result is that any parameterized graph problem (with parameter k) that has finite integer index and such that positive instances have a treewidth-modulator of size O(k) admits a linear kernel on the class of H-topological-minor-free graphs, for any fixed graph H. This result partially extends previous meta-theorems on the existence of linear kernels on graphs of bounded genus and H-minor-free graphs.Let Fbe a fixed finite family of graphs containing at least one planar graph. Given an n-vertex graph G and a non-negative integer k, Planar F- Deletion asks whether G has a set X ⊆ V(G) such that |X|⩽k and G − X is H-minor-free for every H∈F. As our second application, we present the first single-exponential algorithm to solve Planar F- Deletion. Namely, our algorithm runs in time 2 O(k)·n 2, which is asymptotically optimal with respect to k. So far, single-exponential algorithms were only known for special cases of the family F.nonouirechercheInternationa
La mise en concurrence des gouvernances territoriales : la crise économique comme révélatrice ou cause de fragilité ?
No full textLa gouvernance territoriale devrait logiquement pouvoir affronter la crise. Il reste que la qualité d’une gouvernance territoriale ne garantit pas le succès dans la lutte pour l’obtention des financements publics. D’autant que le contexte également s’est modifié, aussi bien au niveau national où s’est développé un « pilotage à distance » (Epstein, 2005 ; Bezes, 2009) qu’au niveau européen où l’influence des pratiques de benchmarking et le poids des indicateurs se sont accrus. La question du devenir de gouvernances territoriales qui peuvent se révéler en « mésajustement » (Cole, Pasquier, 2012), a gagné en actualité. L’étude par le biais d’une analyse lexicométrique des perceptions et mobilisations dans le Sud-Ouest de la France à l’occasion de l’étude du tracé de la future LGV montre ainsi des gouvernances territoriales qui se différencient.Territorial governances should logically be able to face the economic crisis. It remains that territorial governance is only a variable among others and that its quality does not guarantee the success in the fight for public subsidies. Especially as the context also modified, as well at the national level where " remote piloting " is now widely prevailing (Epstein, 2005; Bezes, 2009) that at the European level where the influence of benchmarking’ practices and the weight of indicators increased. The question of the future of territorial governances which may become misfitted (Cole, Pasquier, on 2012), is now more acute. We will deal with this question by means of a lexicometric analysis of the perceptions and mobilizations in the Southwest of France on the occasion of the study of the plan of the (maybe) future LGV.nonouirechercheNationa
A Primer on Macroprudential Policy
No full textThis article introduces macroprudential policy using a static New Keynesian Macroeconomics model with financial frictions. The authors analyze two related questions: First, they show how the procyclicality of financial factors, captured by the financial accelerator, amplifies the transmission of supply and demand shocks and impacts the intuition they get from a basic intermediate macroeconomics. Second, adopting an optimal policy perspective, they show how a policymaker may use macroprudential policy to complete monetary policy measures. Following the Mundellian Policy Assignment principle, macroprudential policy should be specialized to address the procyclicality problem to suppress welfare losses associated with the building of financial imbalances, thus helping monetary policy to concentrate on the output inflation tradeoff.nonouirechercheInternationa
Towards a new tacit knowledge-based approach for decision process
No full textTacit knowledge plays an important role in decision making that is why, in this paper, weintroduce a new approach based on tacit knowledge for decision process. Our approach is basedon a practical case study in the eld of second hand vehicle purchase. This paper proposesideas and research issues on how to tackle tacit knowledge for decision process with cost-bene tand multicriteria analysis based on a real-world case. Because tacit knowledge cannot alwaysbe explicited, we use the multicriteria analysis to ttingly explicit tacit knowledge which canbe explicited. In order to respect the nancial policy of the company that purchases/salessecond hand vehicles, we use the cost-bene t analysis. The goal is to help the company tomake the best decision.nonouirechercheInternationa
BV-Regularity of the Boltzmann Equation in Non-Convex Domains
No full textWe consider the Boltzmann equation in a general non-convex domain with the diffuse boundary condition. We establish optimal BV estimates for such solutions. Our method consists of a new W 1,1-trace estimate for the diffuse boundary condition and a delicate construction of an ε-tubular neighborhood of the singular set.nonnonrechercheInternationa