15771 research outputs found
Sort by
Equity in Health And Equivalent Incomes
No full textWe compare two approaches to measuring inequity in the health distribution. The first is the concentration index. The second is the calculation of the inequality in an overall measure of individual well-being, capturing both the income and health dimensions. We introduce the concept of equivalent income as a measure of well-being that respects preferences with respect to the trade-off between income and health, but is not subjectively welfarist since it does not rely on the direct measurement of happiness. Using data from a representative survey in France, we show that equivalent incomes can be measured using a contingent valuation method. We present counterfactual simulations to illustrate the different perspectives of the approaches with respect to distributive justice.nonouirechercheInternationa
Parameterized Complexity of Firefighting
No full textTheFirefighterproblem is to place firefighters on the vertices ofa graph to prevent a fire with known starting point from lighting upthe entire graph. In each time step, a firefighter may be placed on anunburned vertex, permanently protecting it, and the fire spreads toall neighboring unprotected vertices of burning vertices. The goal isto let as few vertices burn as possible. This problem is known to beNP-complete, even when restricted to trees of maximum degree three.Initial study showed theFirefighterproblem to be fixed-parametertractable on trees in various parameterizations. In this paper, wecon-sider a generalization of this problem, where at each time stepb≥1firefighters can be deployed. Our results answer several open questionsraised by Cai et al. [8]. We show that this problem is W[1]-hard whenparameterized by the number of saved vertices, protected vertices, andburned vertices. We also investigate several combined parameteriza-tions for which the problem is fixed-parameter tractable. Some of ouralgorithms improve on previously known algorithms. We also establishlower bounds to polynomial kernelizationnonouirechercheInternationa
Identifying and measuring land-use and proximity conflicts: methods and identification
No full textThis text aims to present the methodology of study of land-use conflicts performed in recent years by a multidisciplinary team, and to reveal the methods of survey and data collection, as well as the structure of the resulting database. We first define the scope of our study by providing a definition of these conflicts, of their characteristics and motives, of the ways they manifest themselves and of the actors involved (I). We then present the methodology we have used to identify conflicts; it is based on a spatial analysis and the combined use of different data collection methods including surveys conducted by experts, analyses of the regional daily press and of data from the administrative litigation courts (II). Finally we present the resulting Conflicts © data base, with its tables and nomenclatures, in which the data collected in different fields are reconciled and analyzed (III), before providing a few examples of how this method can be used to analyze case studies in developed and developing countries (IV)nonouirechercheInternationa
Impact of Natural Disasters on Education Outcomes: Evidence from the 1987-1989 Locust Plague in Mali
No full textThis paper estimates the long-run impact of a large income shock based on regional variations in the 1987–89 locust plague in Mali. We take comprehensive population census data to construct birth cohorts of individuals and compare those born and living in the years and villages affected by locust plagues with other cohorts. We find a clear, strong impact on the educational outcomes of children living in rural areas, but no impact at all on children living in urban areas. School enrolment by boys born or lessthan four at the time of shock is found to be affected. School enrolmentbyboysbornin1987–88,themaininfestationyears,isfoundtobehardesthitby theplagues.However,although theimpact onschoolenrolment figuresisgreaterfor boys than girls, the educational attainments of girls attending school and living in ruralareasareharderhitthantheboys.Ourcontrolsforindividuals’potentiallyselective migration behaviour and for differences in school infrastructures do nothing to change our results. Our findings are also robust to controls for age misreporting and variations in the cohort cut-off point.nonouirechercheInternationa
Les effets patrimoniaux de la curatelle et de la tutelle. La classification des actes (Art. 216 à 226 C. civ. : fasc. 20)
No full textnonouinon-rechercheInternationa
Almost-sure hedging with permanent price impact
No full textWe consider a financial model with permanent price impact. Continuous-time trading dynamics are derived as the limit of discrete rebalancing policies. We then study the problem of superhedging a European option. Our main result is the derivation of a quasilinear pricing equation. It holds in the sense of viscosity solutions. When it admits a smooth solution, it provides a perfect hedging strategy.nonnonrechercheInternationa
Vers une nouvelle relation Droit - Comptabilité
No full textLes normes comptables internationales (IFRS) marquent un changement de paradigme pour la comptabilité. Il s'explique par la primauté donnée aux investisseurs sur les marchés financiers, c'est-à-dire par la primauté donnée à une approche financière. L'approche classique de la comptabilité, considérée comme "l'algèbre du droit", semble ainsi reléguée, ce qui ne peut qu'inquiéter les juristes et les comptables formés à l'aune du droit civiliste. Qu'en est-il exactement?nonouirechercheNationa
What is a Decision Problem? Preliminary Statements
No full textLNCS n°8176This paper presents a general framework about what is a decision problem. The aim is to provide a theory under which the existing methods and algorithms can be characterised, designed, chosen or justified. The framework shows that 5 features are necessary and sufficient in order to completely describe the whole set of existing methods. It also explains why optimisation remains the general approach under which decision problems are algorithmically considered.nonouirechercheInternationa