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The Role of Design in the Appropriation of Shared Objects: Autolib in Paris
No full textThis article looks at consumers’ appropriation of cars in a carsharing system. Underpinned by research on design and design knowledge, our paper illustrates how specific design elements contributed to the appropriation of shared vehicles through controlling, knowing and creating the product and the service.nonouirechercheInternationa
Sharing Knowledge in a Shared Services Center Context
No full textThis study focuses on how knowledge sharing across boundaries of merging entities during an information system (IS) implementation project in a shared services center (SSC) context affects the resulting system functionality. Although the literature stresses the growing adoption of the SSC as an outsourcing model, there is a lack of studies that examine shared services as a dynamic process of knowledge sharing across the organizational boundaries. We draw on a sociomaterial practice perspective and on the theory of workarounds to analyze an IS implementation project in a healthcare organization resulting from a merger of previously independent hospitals. The results suggest that new technology can be enacted in different ways as it links up with practices of different communities of users. We propose a multilevel process model that indicates at the end of the project a resulting mix of formal and informal (workarounds) practices that emerged from a dialectic process of resistance to, and negotiation of, the IS configuration during its implementation.nonouirechercheInternationa
Data Exchange with MapReduce: A First Cut
No full textArticle No. 22Data exchange is one of the oldest database problems, being of both practical and theoretical interest. Given the pace at which heterogeneous data are published on the web, thanks to initiatives such as Linked Data and Open Science, scalability of data exchange becomes crucial. Pivotal to data exchange is the chase algorithm, which is a fixpoint algorithm to evaluate both source-to-target constraints and target constraints in the data exchange process. In this paper, we investigate how new programming models such as MapReduce can be used to implement the chase on large-scale data sources. To the best of our knowledge, how to exchange data at scale has not been investigated so far. We present an initial solution for chasing source-to-target tuple generating dependencies and target tuple-generating dependencies, and discuss open issues that need to be addressed to leverage MapReduce for the data exchange problem.nonouirechercheInternationa
Creation of a modular artifact to design cross-chanel customer journey to develop managers' capabilities in retail
No full textLe management de l’expérience client est un terrain d’étude trop peu exploré en marketing (Lars Grønholdt et al., 2015; Lemon et Verhoef, 2017) et de nombreux professionnels décrivent les enjeux stratégiques, plus spécifiquement, de la conception de parcours client ainsi que la complexité managériale à les concevoir en situation de cross-canal.Notre but, dans une visée prescriptive et normative de la recherche, est d’améliorer, à travers la création d’un outil de gestion, les capacités marketing des managers de parcours client. Nous limitions notre travail doctoral au secteur de la distribution française en cross-canal. La thèse suit la méthodologie de Design Science (Romme, 2003) visant à concevoir un artefact, c’est-à-dire un outil de gestion dont les professionnels peuvent s’emparer pour réduire la complexité du management de l’expérience client. Trois études empiriques qualitatives sont conduites : deux séries d’entretiens individuels et une étude de cas pour tester l’outil conçu.L’artefact développé dans cette thèse comprend un ensemble de concepts, une méthode de travail ainsi que sa réalisation effective appelée instanciation, fondée sur les résultats des deux premiers terrains. Nous montrons que le choix théorique de considérer le parcours client comme une coproduction de ressources et de fonder la conception de parcours sur une structure modulaire permet d’améliorer les capacités marketing et d’en développer de nouvelles, contribuant ainsi au savoir managérial mais aussi académique car notre recherche explore, d’un point de vue théorique, les ressources engagées par le client et l’entreprise, ainsi que les capacités marketing nécessaires pour le manager et leurs dynamiques.Customer experience management is less explored in marketing (Lars Grønholdt et al., 2015; Lemon and Verhoef, 2017) and many practitioners describe strategic issues, and specifically, the managerial complexity to design of customer journey in cross-channel location.Our goal in our prescriptive and normative research, is aiming to improve, through the creation of a management tool, managers’ marketing capabilities. We restrict our doctoral work to French cross-channel retail. The thesis follows the Design Science Methodology (Romme, 2003) aimed at designing an artifact, which is a management tool that professionals can take to reduce the complexity of customer experience management. Three qualitative empirical studies are conducted: two series of interviews and a case study to test the artifact.The artifact developed in this thesis includes a set of concepts, a method and its effective realization called instantiation, based on the results of the first two interviews. We show that the theoretical choice to consider the customer journey as a co-production of resources and the design of customer journey as a modular structure allows to improve actual marketing capabilities and develop new ones, thus contributing to managerial knowledge but also academic because our research explores, from a theoretical point of view, the resources committed by the customer and the company, as well as marketing capabilities for the manager and their dynamics
Estimating surface solar irradiance from goes satellite with particle filter model and joint probability distribution
No full textUne méthode d'estimation de l'irradiance solaire de surface (SSI) à partir de données satellites GOES est présentée et validée par comparaison avec 4 années de mesures in situ provenant de 6 stations météorologiques de Guyane Française. Dans cet article, nous proposons une approche par filtre particulaire combinant observations du satellite GOES et données in situ. Nous proposons une fonction d'observation originale basée sur une distribution de probabilité conjointe des 2 types de données. Les résultats statistiques sont conformes à ceux des méthodes existantes. Le biais journalier varie de −16 W/m2 (−6% de la moyenne des mesures) à 12 W/m2 (6%). L'erreur quadratique moyenne (RMSD) est comprise entre 23 W/m2 (10%) et 27 W/m2 (15%). Le coefficient de corrélation est de 0,92. La méthode est peu sensible aux variations climatiques saisonnières, le biais et RMSD restent similaires en saison des pluies comme en saison sèche, mais une meilleure corrélation est observée pendant la saison des pluies. Les incertitudes sont principalement dues à la présence de conditions atmosphériques tropicales spécifiques en saison sèche.La méthode a été soumise à différents tests: un processus de validation croisée a mis en évidence la possible généralisation du modèle dans une dimension temporelle, la capacité du modèle à reproduire efficacement des anomalies dans les séries temporelles d'irradiance solaire de surface a aussi été testée. La robustesse des résultats obtenus montrent l'intérêt du modèle par rapport aux autres méthodes d'estimation existantes. A cause de sa simplicité de mise en oeuvre cette méthode ouvre de nouvelles perspectives en matière d'estimation de l'irradiance solaire au sol. Nous concluons que l'utilisation d'un filtre particulaire combinée à une fonction d'observation originale permet une estimation de haute qualité de l'irradiance solaire au sol en Guyane Française.A satellite retrieval of surface solar irradiance (SSI) based on GOES satellite data is presented and validated for the French Guiana with 4 years of in situ measurements from 6 ground stations. We propose a particle filter approach combining GOES satellite observations and in situ data. We propose an original observation function based on a joint probability distribution and taking advantage of the characteristics of both involved types of data. The statistical results are compared with those of existing estimation methods and they are found to be in accordance. The daily bias ranges from −12 W/m2 (−6% of the mean of measurements) to 12 W/m2 (6%), depending on the stations. The daily root mean square difference ranges between 23 W/m2 (10%) and 27 W/m2 (15%). The correlation coefficient is close to 0.92. There is no seasonal climatic effect on the method, the bias and RMSD remain similar for both the rainy and the dry seasons, but better correlation is observed in the rainy season than in the dry season. Uncertainties are mainly due to the presence of specific tropical atmospheric conditions during the dry season.The method has been tested through various tests: cross-validation scheme has highlighted the potential generalization of the model in a temporal dimension; the ability of the method to effectively duplicate anomalies in surface solar irradiance time series has also been tested. The robustness of the results shows the interest of the method compared to other existing estimation methods. Because of its simplicity of implementation, this method opens new prospects in estimating surface solar irradiance. It is concluded that using a particle filter and original observation function method allow a high-quality surface solar irradiance estimation in French Guiana.nonouirechercheInternationa
Les consommateurs des mondes virtuels : Construction identitaire et expérience de consommation dans Second Life
No full textCet article explore dans les mondes virtuels le lien qui existe entre les individus et leurs avatars en termes d’identité. Les résultats de cette étude tendent à démontrer que les univers virtuels et les interactions qu’ils offrent d’un point de vue social et marchand sont des outils de construction identitaire. Cette recherche exploratoire s'appuie sur une étude qualitative de 34 entretiens menés en immersion dans le monde virtuel Second Life. Lors de son passage au monde virtuel, l'individu doit construire une identité en opérant un transfert, partiel ou total, de son identité réelle à son identité virtuelle. L’objet de cet article est d'examiner cette transition et son résultat en termes de positionnement identitaire. Quatre types de positionnement identitaires sont identifiés : la duplication, l'amélioration, la transformation et la métamorphose.Using virtual worlds, this paper examines the link that exists between individuals and their avatars in terms of identity. The outcomes of the study suggest that virtual worlds and the social and business interactions they offer are tools to build consumer identity. An exploratory qualitative technique was employed, using instant messaging with 34 immersive interviews in the Second Life virtual world. During his passage from the real to the virtual world, the individual must build another identity and operate a transfer, partial or total, from his real identity to the virtual one. The aim of the study is to offer an initial framework in order to understand this transition and its result in terms of identity positioning. Four types of identity positioning are identified : duplication, improvement, transformation and metamorphosis.ouinonouirechercheInternationa
A stochastic target approach for P&L matching problems
No full textWithin a Brownian diffusion Markovian framework, we provide a direct PDE characterization of the minimal initial endowment required so that the terminal wealth of a financial agent (possibly diminished by the payoff of a random claim) can match a set of constraints in probability. Such constraints should be interpreted as a rough description of a targeted profit and loss (P&L) distri- bution. This allows to give a price to options under a P&L constraint, or to provide a description of the discrete P&L profiles that can be achieved given an initial capital. This approach provides an alternative to the standard utility indifference (or marginal) pricing rules which is better adapted to market practices. From the mathematical point of view, this is an extension of the stochastic target problem under controlled loss, studied in Bouchard, Elie and Touzi (2009), to the case of multiple constraints. Although the associated Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman operator is fully discontinuous, and the terminal condition is irregular, we are able to construct a numerical scheme that converges at any continuity points of the pricing function.ouinonouirechercheInternationa
Approximating MAX SAT by moderately exponential algorithms
No full textWe study approximation of the max sat problem by moderately exponential algorithms.The general goal of the issue of moderately exponential approximation is to catch-up onpolynomial inapproximability, by providing algorithms achieving, with worst-case runningtimes importantly smaller than those needed for exact computation, approximation ratiosunachievable in polynomial time. We develop several approximation techniques that can beapplied to max sat in order to get approximation ratios arbitrarily close to 1.ouinonouirechercheInternationa
Mistaking an Emerging Market for a Social Movement? A Comment on Arjaliès’ Social-Movement Perspective on Socially Responsible Investment in France
No full textIn a recent contribution to this journal, Arjaliès (J Bus Ethics 92:57–78, 2010) suggests that the emergence of socially responsible investment (SRI) in France can be best described as a social movement with a collective identity that aimed to challenge the dominant logic of the financial market. Such an account is at odds with a body of empirical studies that approaches SRI in the French context as a process of market creation led by loosely coordinated actors with contradictory and conflicting interests and values, who have mainly complied with—rather than opposed—the existing dominant financial logic of the asset-management field. In this comment, we build on this prior research to contest Arjaliès’ perspective on both theoretical and empirical grounds, with the aim of highlighting the shortcomings of conflating social movements and other forms of collective actions in understanding the building of new markets in organization theory and SRI studies. We contend that in mistaking for social movement forms of collective actions that underpin the emergence of markets, scholars of organization theory may confuse distinct mechanisms in their explanation of SRI emergence across countries, overlook the complex dynamics and interactions of markets and social movements, and, most importantly, fail to evaluate the real political significance of SRI as an empirical phenomenon. We propose that future research on SRI distinguishes carefully “social-movement research as a theoretical framework” from “social movement as an empirical phenomenon” in order to avoid such drawbacks while benefiting from recent advances in social-movement research.ouinonouirechercheInternationa
Hypercubewise Preference Aggregation in Multi-Issue Domains
No full textWe consider a framework for preference aggregation on multiple binary issues, where agents’ preferences are represented by (possibly cyclic) CP-nets. We focus on the majority aggregation of the individual CP-nets, which is the CP-net where the direction of each edge of the hypercube is decided according to the majority rule. First we focus on hypercube Condorcet winners (HCWs); in particular, we show that, assuming a uniform distribution for the CP-nets, the probability that there exists at least one HCW is at least 1 − 1 /e, and the expected number of HCWs is 1 . Our experimental results confirm these results. We also show experimental results under the Imp a rtia l Cu ltu re assumption. We then generalize a few tournament solutions to select winners from (weighted) majoritarian CP-nets, namely Copeland, maximin, and Kemeny. For each of these, we address some social choice theoretic and computational issues.ouinonouirechercheInternationa