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The Ethical Food Tourist
Get PDFThe exploration of food tourism as a phenomenon and food tourists as consumers raises numerous ethical considerations. This chapter is about food tourism and ethics and focuses on the concepts of sustainability and slowness. It discusses the complexity of such topics using two case studies from Italy: one a plant-based café and the other the owner and manager of an agritourism business. These cases suggest that sustainability and slowness in food tourism can be interpreted and implemented differently, pointing to two important lessons. The first concerns the view of ethics in food tourism not as a limiting factor but as contributing to the needs of ethical tourists and appealing to generic tourists. The second lesson concerns the opportunity to shape food tourism by evaluating the food heritage sold to tourists and, ultimately, integrating ethical considerations that reinvent or rediscover traditions
“Influence of short-to-continuous and continuous photoperiods combined with elevated temperatures on sexual maturation in lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus, L. 1758)”
Get PDFWe tested the photothermal effects on sexual maturation in the broodstock of lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) using short-to-continuous (LDL) and continuous (LL) photoperiods for 24 weeks, with temperature elevation during final maturation in females. The lumpfish sexual maturation was phased differently between the two photoperiods, while temperature elevation enhanced the photoperiod changes. Female gonadosomatic index (GSI), and plasma levels of testosterone (T), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) and 17β-estradiol (E2) increased under LDL, and temperature elevation enhanced the sex steroid levels in both photoperiods. While the brain expressions of gnrh2 decreased in females exposed to LDL compared to LL groups, the ovarian expressions of fshr, lhr, vtgr, and cyp19a1 changed significantly at ambient temperatures in LL and LDL groups and at elevated temperature in the LL group. A high proportion of males were sexually mature from the start of the experiment, and a prolonged period with sexually mature males was observed in the ambient temperature LL group. This was revealed by elevated GSI, T, 11-KT, as well as brain expression of gnrh2 at the start of the experiment, with the highest presence of spermatozoa, and pronounced fluctuations in T and 11-KT throughout the experiment with significant changes observed only in LL0T. Brain expressions of gnrh2 and testicular expressions of fshr and lhr declined more rapidly in LDL compared to LL groups. With temperature elevation, gnrh2 expressions were enhanced in both LL and LDL. Despite exposure to different photothermal regimes, gonadal development and selected endocrine factors remained stage-coherent. Ovarian expressions of fshr, lhr, vtgr, cyp19a1 and E2 levels increased up to oocyte maturation and decreased at ovulation, while GSI, T and 11-KT increased until ovulation. Testicular fshr and lhr expressions peaked at spermatocyte stage and decreased subsequently, while plasma levels of T and 11-KT increased until the spermatid stage and decreased at the spermatozoa stage. In this study, we show that while photoperiods phase lumpfish sexual maturation, temperature has an important role in cueing the final stages leading to spawning. Additionally, the gonadal development and endocrine factors remain stage-coherent though at different rates in different photothermal regimes
Vitamin D status in an adolescent Arctic population: Results from the Fit Futures study
Get PDFThere has been limited knowledge about the vitamin D status in Norwegian adolescents. Residing at high latitude, North Norwegian adolescents are at risk of vitamin D deficiency. The population-based longitudinal study Fit Futures (69°N) provided a unique opportunity to examine vitamin D prevalence among 16- and 18-year-olds and report lifestyle habits predictive of vitamin D levels. Vitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent at both 16 and 18 years old, particularly among boys. In both sexes, vitamin/mineral supplement intake, physical activity and recent solarium use and sunbathing holiday were associated with higher levels of vitamin D at 16-years-old. Additionally, among 16-year-old boys, snuff use was associated with lower levels, and fortified milk and cod liver oil intake were associated with higher vitamin D levels. Using longitudinal data, recent solarium use and sunbathing holiday at 18 years only was related to higher baseline-adjusted vitamin D levels at 18 years in both sexes. For girls, lower intake of vitamin/mineral supplements at age 18 and starting combined hormonal contraceptive (CHC) use between 16 and 18 years were associated with higher baseline-adjusted vitamin D levels at age 18. Due to the observed sex difference in vitamin D levels, vitamin D metabolism according to CHC use was investigated further. Vitamin D binding protein, vitamin D metabolites and calcium were significantly higher in CHC users, while ratios of active vitamin D to total vitamin D levels, regulators of mineral and bone homeostasis (parathyroid hormone and fibroblast growth factor 23) and s-albumin levels were significantly lower. No differences were observed in free vitamin D levels or the ratio of inactive to total vitamin D. The higher vitamin D levels in CHC users may have a clinical impact. Further research to clarify possible adverse health effects due to low vitamin D levels throughout adolescence is warranted.Kunnskap om vitamin D status hos norske ungdommer har vært mangelfull. Ungdom i Nord-Norge, som lever på høye breddegrader, regnes som en risikogruppe for vitamin D-mangel. Gjennom den longitudinelle befolkningsundersøkelsen Fit Futures hadde vi muligheten å undersøke forekomsten av vitamin D mangel ved 16- og 18-års alder og rapportere livsstilsvalg som predikerer vitamin D nivå. Forekomsten av vitamin D mangel var svært høy ved både 16- og 18-års alder, særlig hos gutter. Hos begge kjønn var vitamin/mineral tilskudd, fysisk aktivitet og nylig solariumsbruk og sydenferie assosiert med høyere vitamin D nivå ved 16 års alder. Blant 16-årige gutter var bruk av snus assosiert med lavere vitamin D-nivåer, mens inntak av beriket melk og tran var assosiert med høyere nivåer. Ved å benytte langsgående data, var nylig solariumsbruk og sydenferie ved 18 års alder assosiert med høyere vitamin D nivå, justert for vitamin D nivå ved 16 års alder, hos begge kjønn. Hos jenter, var mindre vitamin/mineral tilskudd ved 18 års alder og å starte på østrogenholdig prevensjon mellom 16 og 18 års alder assosiert med høyere justert vitamin D nivå ved 18 års alder. På grunn av de observerte kjønnsforskjellene i vitamin D-nivåer, ble vitamin D metabolisme utfra østrogenholdig prevensjonsbruk videre undersøkt. Vitamin D bindeprotein, vitamin D metabolitter og kalsium var signifikant høyere hos prevensjonsbrukere, mens ratioer av aktivt vitamin D mot totalt vitamin D, regulatorer av mineral og beinhomeostase (paratyroideahormon og fibroblast vekstfaktor 23) og albumin var signifikant lavere. Ingen forskjell i fritt vitamin D eller ratio av inaktivt vitamin D mot totalt vitamin D ble observert. De høyere vitamin D nivåene hos brukere av østrogenholdig prevensjon kan ha klinisk konsekvens. Det er behov for videre forskning for å avklare mulige helseskadelige effekter av lave vitamin D-nivåer gjennom ungdomsårene
Basal Melting and Oceanic Observations Beneath Central Fimbulisen, East Antarctica
Get PDFBasal melting of ice shelves is fundamental to Antarctic ice sheet mass loss, yet direct observations remain sparse. We present the first year-round melt record (2017–2021) from a phase-sensitive radar on Fimbulisen, one of the fastest flowing ice shelves in Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica. The observed long-term mean ablation rate at 350 m depth below the central ice shelf was 1.0 ± 0.5 m yr−1, marked by substantial sub-weekly variability ranging from 0.4 to 3.5 m yr−1. 36-h filtered basal melt rate fluctuations closely align with ocean velocity. On seasonal time scales, melt rates peak during austral spring to autumn (September–March), driven by both elevated ocean velocities and thermal driving near the base. The combined effect of thermal driving and current speed explains the majority of the melt rate variability (r = 0.84), highlighting the dominant role of shear-driven turbulence. This relationship enables parameterization of melt rates for the decade-long ocean record (2010–2021), although deviations appear under low and high forcing conditions. Both observed and parameterized melt rates show similar yearly mean magnitudes compared to satellite-derived melt rates but with a tenfold lower seasonal amplitude and a 3-month delay in seasonality. These detailed concurrent ice–ocean observations provide essential validation data for remote sensing and numerical models that aim to quantify and project ice-shelf response to a change in ocean forcing. In situ measurements and continued monitoring are crucial for accurately assessing and modeling future basal melt rates, and for understanding the complex dynamics driving ice-shelf stability and sea-level change
Fastlegenes avlønningsform og insentiver: Konsekvenser for portvokterrollen
Get PDFSource at https://www.fhi.no/.Denne rapporten undersøker hvorvidt dagens finansiering av fastlegeordningen understøtter fastlegenes portvokteroppgaver. Vi har tatt utgangspunkt i fastlegers inntjening fra takster for å belyse i hvilken retning insentivene i dagens finansieringssystem trekker. Vi har undersøkt sammenhengen mellom fastlegenes inntjening og forskrivning av antibiotika, vanedannende legemidler, henvisning til MR-undersøkelser, henvisninger til spesialisthelsetjenesten og sykmeldinger
REFLECTIONS ON ABSTRACTION IN A WORLD WHERE ATTACHMENT TO PLACE MATTERS
Get PDFSource at https://icmistudy27.sciencesconf.org/resource/page/id/15.In an earlier reflection, we drew on our experiences, especially in Indigenous contexts, to consider how detachment connects with abstraction (Huru, Andersson & Wagner, 2023). We described abstraction as a process that attaches an idea to an experience—e.g., the realization that a line carved into a bone can represent a real thing, or five such lines, or the symbol 5 referring to the five lines. But abstraction can also lead to detachment—e.g., when the symbol 5 is manipulated as a thing itself. We described abstraction as natural in mathematics and in language—e.g., your name is not you, it indexes you. We see abstraction as an action and thus as a move within a cultural context
Russland: ord om krig og krig om ord
Get PDFSource at https://www.nordnorskdebatt.no/russland-ord-om-krig-og-krig-om-ord/o/5-124-352879.Ord speiler virkeligheten, også krigens virkelighet i dagens Russland. Samtidig pågår det en «krig» om ordenes betydning. Er det regimet i Kreml eller folk flest som bestemmer hva ordene skal bety
Three-dimensional modeling of diffusion-gravity flows in ice-covered lakes
Get PDFWhen a solid inclined surface is submerged in a quiescent stratified fluid, the combined effects of buoyancy forces and diffusion generate an upward gravity flow along the slope. Thermally stratified ice-covered lakes remain in a nearly quiescent state and are potentially prone to this effect. We use three-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling to investigate the diffusion-gravity flow and its impact on lake-wide circulation in idealized ice-covered lakes. The qualitative characteristics of the boundary flow were adequately simulated by the model, supported by a good agreement with theoretical predictions. In enclosed lakes, the modeled diffusion-driven boundary flow generates residual circulation, which overturns the entire lake water column within 1 to 6 months, suggesting a significant contribution of this mechanism to heat and mass transport in lakes with long ice-covered seasons. When the insulation boundary condition is lifted and additional buoyancy is produced by heat flux from lake sediment, a counterflow emerges, resulting in a circulation pattern characterized by the superposition of two opposing boundary flows. At flux magnitudes exceeding one watt per square meter, the counterflow can entirely replace the diffusion-driven circulation. Due to the small magnitudes of these flows, the Coriolis effect substantially influences circulation, partially transforming radial flow into rotational lake-wide "gyres." The number and rotational direction of these gyres depend on the relative contribution of bottom heat flux. The results provide a framework for designing field studies in real lakes and investigating circulation effects on the transport of dissolved matter, such as nutrients, oxygen and greenhouse gases in ice-covered lakes
Deep learning-based characterization of underwater methane bubbles using simple dual camera platform
Get PDFSeabed gas and oil emissions appear as bubble plumes ascending through the water column in various environments. Understanding bubble characteristics—size, rise speed—is important for estimating escape rates of fluids like methane, oil, and carbon dioxide. However, measuring underwater gas bubbles is challenging, often requiring expensive specialized equipment. This study presents a novel methodology using two calibrated consumer-grade cameras to estimate bubble size distribution, rise velocities, and corresponding gas or oil flow rates. Our approach, named BURST (Bubble Rise and Size Tracking), uses a trained neural network for automated bubble detection in diverse camera footage, effectively analyzing under varying lighting conditions and visibility, without requiring a uniform backlit background for bubble identification. Post-detection, bubbles are tracked and synchronized between the cameras, with three-dimensional triangulation used to deduce sizes and rise speeds, enabling flow rate calculations. We demonstrate the efficacy of our methodology through basin experiments capturing methane bubble plumes with controlled flow rates. Additionally, we successfully apply this methodology to existing footage from natural methane emission sites in the Hopendjupet seeps within the central Barents Sea, measuring methane flow rates of approximately 46 and 24 mmol CH4 min−1 at water depths of 327 and 341 m, respectively. These results underscore the practical applicability of BURST in complex underwater environments without disrupting natural bubble flow. By utilizing readily available equipment, BURST enables reliable bubble measurements in challenging real-world conditions, including the analysis of legacy footage not initially intended for bubble flow rate quantification. The BURST python script is available at https://github.com/BUbbleRST/BURST/