37115 research outputs found
Sort by
Morphological evidence supports splitting of species in the North Atlantic Sebastes spp. complex
Get PDFThe redfishes (genus Sebastes) are long-lived, commercial species in the North Atlantic. Excessive harvest through decades has led to a decline in the mature population of
golden redfish (Sebastes norvegicus) in Norwegian waters, which is currently considered
severely depleted. Accumulating genetic evidence suggests a more complex structure
within this genus in the North Atlantic, which has recently inspired the hypotheses of cryptic species within S. norvegicus. Despite apparent genetic divergence between two types,
they have yet to be verified morphologically. The morphology of genetically assigned
fishes from Norwegian and Greenland waters was investigated using traditional morphometric methods, applying Linear Discriminant Analysis and Random Forest classification
procedures to identify and evaluate the performance of descriptive characters. Combined
with non-parametric meristic analysis, the results show that features such as beak length
and eye diameter provide sufficient discrimination between the proposed cryptic species as well as separating them from the sympatric species S. mentella and S. viviparus.
These findings support the presence of an additional redfish species in the North Atlantic,
distinguishable both by morphological and genetic characters. This needs to be taken into
consideration in future monitoring and management strategies for North Atlantic redfish
Feminist posthumanist engagements with Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias in popular expressions and co-creative arts sessions
No full textAlzheimer’s disease and other dementias pose significant challenges to Western economies, often viewed through a biomedical lens that neglects gender, racial, and cultural dimensions. This perspective reduces individuals with dementia to patients in need of care, potentially leading to stigmatization. Women are disproportionately affected, both as patients and caregivers. In response, a humanist personhood movement emerged, advocating for recognizing individuals with dementia as more than their disease. Through popular expressions and participatory arts, this movement has fostered advocacy, citizenship, and dementia-friendly communities. However, it inadvertently risks reinforcing fixed stereotypes of dementia. To address these challenges, my thesis employs critical feminist posthumanist frameworks, building on the personhood movement while advancing towards a diffractive methodology of “agential realism” and “praxiography.” This approach explores dementia as enacted through intra-actions of human and nonhuman agencies. The thesis comprises two studies: one engaging with popular expressions of dementia and the other with co-creative arts sessions in a Norwegian care home. The first study analyzes dementia enactments in fictional film adaptations Still Alice and A Song for Martin, and a true magazine story The Last Day, highlighting symbolic gendered violence and the need for multisensorial and artistic interventions. The second study involves co-creative arts sessions with care home residents, staff, and Artful Dementia Research Lab (ADLab) members and assistants, exploring dementia beyond disease. Articles from these studies examine enactments in various intra-actions, culminating in a co-creative exhibition Gleaming Moments. This thesis synthesizes findings from both studies to offer new insights into dementia through artscience practices. It advances critical feminist posthumanist frameworks, revealing the symbolic gendered violence inherent in biomedical and person-centered practices, the significance of human and nonhuman entanglements, and the potential for new understandings of dementia, people living with dementia, and dementia care. These findings contribute to a transdisciplinary engagement with dementia, challenging existing paradigms and fostering innovative approaches to dementia studies and beyond.Alzheimers sykdom og andre demenssykdommer utgjør store utfordringer for vestlige økonomier, ofte sett gjennom en biomedisinsk linse som overser kjønn, rase og kulturelle aspekter. Denne forståelsen reduserer personer med demens til pasienter med behov for omsorg, noe som kan føre til stigmatisering. Kvinner er spesielt berørt, både som pasienter og omsorgspersoner. Som svar har en personsentrert bevegelse oppstått, som fremmer anerkjennelsen av personer med demens som mer enn sin sykdom. Gjennom populære uttrykk og kunstintervensjoner i demensomsorgen, har denne bevegelsen fremmet aktivisme, medborgerskap og utviklingen av demensvennlige samfunn, men risikerer samtidig å forsterke stereotype oppfatninger. For å møte disse utfordringene, anvender jeg kritiske feministiske posthumanistiske rammeverk i avhandlingen min. Den springer ut av den personsentrerte tenkningen, men beveger seg mot en diffraktiv metodologi som inkluderer "agential realism" og "praxiografi." Denne tilnærmingen utforsker demens som noe som blir til gjennom intra-aksjoner mellom menneskelige og ikke-menneskelige aktører. Avhandlingen består av to studier: en som engasjerer seg med populære demensuttrykk, og en annen med samskapende samlinger i et norsk sykehjem. Den første studien analyserer demensfremstillinger i filmene Still Alice og En sång för Martin, samt en sann historie The Last Day, og fremhever behovet for multisensoriske og kunstneriske intervensjoner. Den andre studien involverer samskapende samlinger med beboere, ansatte og medlemmer av Artful Dementia Research Lab (ADLab), og utforsker demens utover sykdom. Artikler fra disse studiene undersøker ulike intra-aksjoner, som kulminerer i en samskapende utstilling Gylne øyeblikk på sykehjemmet. Avhandlingen gir ny innsikt i demens gjennom kunstvitenskapelige praksiser. Den fremmer kritiske feministiske posthumanistiske rammeverk, analyserer fram symbolsk kjønnsbasert vold i biomedisinske og personsentrerte praksiser, og belyser betydningen av menneskelige og ikke-menneskelige sammenfiltringer for hva demens kan bli. Disse funnene bidrar til en tverrfaglig tilnærming til demens, til mennesker som lever med demens, og til demensomsorg, samt fremmer innovative tilnærminger til demensstudier og andre demensrelaterte praksiser
Competition and interdependence define interactions of Nostoc sp. and Agrobacterium sp. under inorganic carbon limitation
Get PDFCyanobacteria of the Nostoc genus are capable of forming symbiotic relationships with plants but also serve as a hub for heterotrophic bacteria. By comparing the axenic strain Nostoc punctiforme PCC 73102 and the xenic strains Nostoc sp. KVJ2 and KVJ3, we were able to demonstrate an almost obligate dependence of the cyanobacteria on the heterotrophic partners under carbon-limiting conditions. A detailed analysis of the intimate relationship between N. punctiforme and the isolate Agrobacterium tumefaciens Het4 using shotgun proteomics and microscopy uncovered a complex partnership characterized by competition for iron and facilitation for carbon. The prevalent extracarboxysomal localization of the carbon-fixing enzyme RubisCO suggests that a weak carbon-concentrating mechanism in N. punctiforme enforces a dependence on heterotrophic bacteria. Our study indicates a limited autonomy of symbiotic Nostoc strains, which may also explain its preference for symbiotic interactions
Måleegenskaper ved den norske versjonen av Hopkins Symptom Checklist-5 (HSCL-5)
Get PDFBeskrivelse: Hopkins Symptom Checklist-5 (HSCL-5) er et kortfattet måleverktøy for psykiske plager. HSCL-5 består av fem spørreledd som kartlegger respondentens angst- og depresjonssymptomer i løpet av de to siste ukene. Instrumentet ble utviklet av Tambs og Moum som en kortere versjon av HSCL-25. HSCL-5 er i utgangspunktet ment for forskere som vil måle symptomer hos voksne, men måleverktøyet har også vært brukt i studier av ungdom. Hensikten med denne systematiske oversikten var å oppsummere resultater fra studier som har undersøkt måleegenskaper til HSCL-5 når instrumentet er administrert til barn og ungdom.
Litteratursøk: Et systematisk litteratursøk resulterte i at 26 vitenskapelige artikler og en masteroppgave ble inkludert (fra n = 8 unike datakilder). Alle disse var basert på norske utvalg med en overveiende majoritet fra Ung-HUNT- undersøkelsene av ungdom i alderen 13–19 år. Ingen svenske eller danske publikasjoner oppfylte inklusjonskriteriene.
Psykometri: Resultatene viser at HSCL-5 har tilstrekkelig til god indre konsistens (Cronbach’s alpha verdier fra 0,79-0,84) for norske ungdommer og unge voksne. Flere studier rapporterer middelverdier og standardavvik for en generell ungdomspopulasjon og noen undergrupper. Målets begrepsvaliditet er mangelfullt dokumentert, og kriterievaliditeten til instrumentet er kun undersøkt i en studentpopulasjon.
Konklusjon: I ungdomsutvalg har den norske versjonen av HSCL-5 tilstrekkelig til god indre konsistens og virker å kunne skille mellom grupper som en skulle forvente har ulik grad av psykiske plager. Instrumentets begrepsvaliditet, inkludert faktorstruktur, konvergerende og kriterievaliditet, samt i hvilken grad instrumentet er måleinvariant på tvers av undergrupper som kjønn og alder, er imidlertid ikke dokumentert for barn og unge. Samlet, konkluderes det derfor med at det foreligger noe mangelfull informasjon om måleegenskapene til HSCL-5 når administrert i utvalg av ungdom, og at det ikke finnes informasjon om måleegenskapene til HSCL-5 når administrert til barn
Constraining the Gas Hydrates Stability Zone beneath the Antarctic Ice Sheet from 40 Ma to the year 3000
Get PDFPresentation at the annual meeting for GReAT – Geoscience Research Academy of Tromsø, 28.02.2025, Tromsø, NorwayThe Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) is one of the climate tipping elements on Earth and the largest potential contributor to sea level rise. While the consequences of ice sheet collapse on oceanic and atmospheric changes are well documented, its impact on the global carbon cycle remains critically ignored in the current global carbon budget.
This is particularly important because the Antarctic Sedimentary Basins (ASBs) are thought to contain a reservoir of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, in the form of hydrates. The reservoir is estimated to be 400 Pg C today and has fluctuated over the past 40 Ma. However, the exact location of this reservoir remains unknown.
Gas hydrates can form in a specific zone beneath the ice sheet where they are stable: the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ). This zone is created by a combination of high pressure from ice and sediment thickness in the terrestrial area, water column height, ice and sediment thickness in the marine shelf area, and low temperature in both areas. Determining the exact location of the GHSZ beneath the ice sheet and its fate under climate change is crucial to knowing where hydrates have formed and whether they will destabilise with ice retreat.
We present the first spatial distribution of the GHSZ beneath the AIS, its volume and its evolution over the last 40 Ma and until the year 3000 under 2 Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs
Thermographic analysis of ethylene glycol–based aircraft anti-icing fluid: Investigation of fluid failure mechanisms during simulated snow endurance tests
Get PDFApplying anti-icing fluid is the primary method of protecting aircraft surfaces from freezing precipitation before takeoff. This research's main objective is to deepen our understanding of the fluid failure mechanisms using the infrared thermography technique to observe the snow-fluid interactions. We use a laboratory-scale setup with an optical and infrared camera to study the interaction between artificial snow and anti-icing fluids. The thermal aspects of snow melting upon deposition on an ethylene glycol–based fluid are examined for different ethylene glycol concentrations, snow mass deposits, and temperatures. When the freezing temperature of the water–ethylene glycol mixture is lower than the ambient temperature, deposited snow causes an instant temperature drop, revealing that a fraction of the snow undergoes an instantaneous phase change. Depending on the ethylene glycol concentration, ambient temperature, and snow mass input, the snow-to-water transformation may be total or partial. The magnitude of the temperature drop is proportional to the amount of snow melting and limited by the variation in local fluid concentration resulting from the melting process. As the ethylene glycol concentration decreases and the mixture's freezing point approaches the ambient temperature, the absence of temperature variation indicates that the snow remains solid and that the snow accumulation process is initiated. We demonstrate that the surrounding ambient temperature influences the melting rate. Higher temperature gradients are achieved at an ambient temperature of −5 °C, and the melt rate exhibits sensitivity to the studied snow mass. At −10 °C and −15 °C, temperature gradients due to snow melting are reduced and sensitivity to snow mass becomes negligible for the lowest masses achieved for these tests. This study provides insights into the failure mechanisms of anti-icing fluids. Thermal failure is indicated by the absence of a temperature change after snow deposition, signifying fluid melt saturation
Reconstructing historical climate fields with deep learning
Get PDFHistorical records of climate fields are often sparse because of missing measurements, especially before the introduction of large-scale satellite missions. Several statistical and model-based methods have been introduced to fill gaps and reconstruct historical records. Here, we use a recently introduced deep learning approach based on Fourier convolutions, trained on numerical climate model output, to reconstruct historical climate fields. Using this approach, we are able to realistically reconstruct large and irregular areas of missing data and to reproduce known historical events, such as strong El Niño or La Niña events, with very little given information. Our method outperforms the widely used statistical kriging method, as well as other recent machine learning approaches. The model generalizes to higher resolutions than the ones it was trained on and can be used on a variety of climate fields. Moreover, it allows inpainting of masks never seen before during the model training
Listening to/in the Field: Polyphony in the Exploring Arctic Soundscapes Project.
Get PDFThis article reflects on the Exploring Arctic Soundscapes project, a transdisciplinary venture of sevennatural scientists, social scientists, and artists that sought to explore how a focus on sound could spurdevelopment of a new research sensibility for generating insights beyond the comfort zone of anyone discipline. Viewing sound less as an object of study (“what sounds define a place?”) or method-ology (“how do we listen to a place?”) than as an inroad for addressing complex forces and questionsof becoming in place, the researchers turned to sound as a focal point for exploring difference andrelations between the researchers and their modes of data acquisition, analysis, and artistic-academicproduction. The “field” in which we carried out our work thus became, simultaneously, the place(the island of Andøya, in Arctic Norway), the human and more-than-human communities on Andøyaand the adjacent ocean, the transdisciplinary team of researchers, and the universe of (direct andindirect) outputs from our research. The experience of listening to sound(s) in the field demonstratedhow transdisciplinary research across the sciences, arts, and humanities must be seen as an unfoldingprocess, where all parties learn from each other as they pursue their disciplinary research agendas,rather than a pre-determined journey toward a single, “interdisciplinary” output
Industrial Internet of Things-based Smart Warehouse Management System
Get PDFWarehousing constitutes an important part of spare parts management in the oil and gas industry. During the past years, the introduction of Industry 4.0 has enabled several industries to introduce new technologies to their warehousing activities to optimize processes. Examples from industries such as e-commerce and retail have shown that Industry 4.0 technology implementation can lead to lower costs, decreased warehouse time expenditure, and minimized waste. It is of great interest for the oil and gas industry to investigate the possibilities of smart warehouse management implementation, as spare parts warehousing is a time consuming and expensive activity for the industry. However, as there are several aspects of oil and gas production that are unique to the industry, it is necessary to customize smart warehouse management system implementation to the industry to ensure success.
This research addresses the implementation of a smart warehouse management system in spare parts warehousing in the oil and gas industry. Benefits and challenges of implementation have been established, computer simulations of a typical industry warehousing environment have been developed, and a customized system has been designed for spare parts supply to an oil production installation operated by Equinor in the Barents Sea.
A specific focus is placed on the Industry 4.0-enabled technology Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) to design an ideal spare parts management system. This is done to prove the importance of continuous interconnectivity in spare parts warehousing. Additionally, technologies such as robotics, additive manufacturing, big data, and cloud computing are included in the research.
This research makes the following contributions:
- Researching Industry 4.0 technologies in the very specific setting of spare parts warehousing in the oil and gas industry.
- Suggesting technological components of a smart warehouse management system for efficient, sustainable, and cost-effective spare parts warehousing in the oil and gas industry.
- Proposing an approach specific to the oil and gas industry, which can be built upon further to advance the field, industrially and academically
A Digital Outpatient Service With a Mobile App for Tailored Care and Health Literacy in Adults With Long-Term Health Service Needs: Multicenter Nonrandomized Controlled Trial
Get PDFBackground: Patients with long-term health needs are often expected to actively participate in outpatient care, assuming that they have appropriate health literacy and digital health literacy. However, the association between participation in a digital outpatient service and health literacy remain unclear.
Objective: This study aims to evaluate whether digital outpatient care for 6 months improved health literacy, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), digital/eHealth literacy, and the use of health care services compared with usual care.
Methods: We conducted a multicenter nonrandomized trial with 1 intervention arm and 1 control arm. Patients aged ≥18 years receiving outpatient care in the pain, lung, neurology, or cancer departments at 2 Norwegian university hospitals were allocated in a 1:2 ratio, favoring the intervention arm. The intervention arm received digital outpatient care using tailored patient-reported outcome measures, self-monitoring, and chats for timely contact with the outpatient clinic. Patient responses were assessed by health care workers via a dashboard with a traffic light system to draw attention to the most urgent reports. The control arm received usual care. The data were collected at baseline and after 3 and 6 months. The primary outcome was the change in health literacy according to the Health Literacy Questionnaire domain understanding health information well enough to know what to do from baseline to 6 months. The mean difference in change between the 2 treatment arms was the effect measure. The secondary outcomes were additional domains from the Health Literacy Questionnaire, digital/eHealth literacy, HRQoL, acceptability of the digital intervention, and health service use.
Results: Overall, 162 patients were recruited, 55 (34%) in the control arm and 107 (66%) in the intervention arm, with a 17.3% attrition rate after 6 months. There was no statistically significant difference in the primary outcome, “understanding health information well enough to know what to do,” between the arms at 6 months (mean difference –0.05, 95% CI –0.20 to 0.10; P=.53). After 3 months, the health literacy domains actively managing my own health (–0.15, 95% CI –0.30 to –0.00; P=.048) and understanding health information well enough to know what to do (–0.17, 95% CI –0.34 to –0.00; P=.03), as well as both physical (–3.29, 95% CI –5.62 to –0.96; P=.006) and mental HRQoL (–3.08, 95% CI –5.64 to –0.52; P=.02), improved in the digital outpatient intervention arm compared with the control arm.
Conclusions: This study explored digital outpatient care. Although no statistical differences were observed in patients’ health literacy after 6 months, our data indicate an improvement in health literacy domains and HRQoL at 3 months. The participants reported high satisfaction with the digital outpatient care intervention, and our findings highlight the potential of digital interventions in outpatient care