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Reading for Pleasure: Understanding Decline and Promoting Reading
Get PDFChildren’s and young people’s motivation to read has shown a declining trend over time. This master thesis explores, through a literature review, the benefits of reading enjoyment, the challenges associated with fostering reading motivation and proposes measures to enhance reading engagement among children and young adults. The aim is to develop a deeper understanding of how teachers can contribute to promoting reading enjoyment.
The study is based on a review research method, where relevant studies have been used to shed light on the three focus areas mentioned above. In addition, discourse analysis of policy documents, such as the national curriculum and project documents from the government, have been conducted.
The study shows that reading enjoyment offers significant benefits on a personal level, as well as within education, professional life, and society at large. The main challenges in promoting reading motivation include a reduced ability to focus, time constraints, and changing reading habits at home. The findings emphasize that student autonomy is crucial for fostering reading engagement. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of cooperation between schools and families in cultivating children’s reading habits.
KEYWORDS
Reading enjoyment, Reading for pleasure, Declining reading trend, Silent reading, Reading promotio
Siblings' and Parents' Experiences With the ‘Sibling Talks’ Intervention: A Qualitative Interview Study in a Primary School Nursing Context
No full textAims This study aims to (1) understand the impact of having a child with complex care needs in the family and (2) explore how siblings and parents experience the Sibling Talks intervention.
Design A qualitative exploratory design.
Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six siblings and 10 parents from seven families after completing the Sibling Talks intervention between January 2023 and April 2023. Data were analysed using Braun and Clarke's reflexive thematic analysis.
Results The analysis identified four themes, with separate findings for siblings and parents. Siblings described the impact of having a sibling with complex care needs as ‘Struggling to find their role and to understand themselves’ and their experiences with dialogues in Sibling Talks as ‘The importance of support from the school nurse’. Parents described their experience of their family situation as ‘A balancing act of care and other responsibilities’ and noted a shift ‘From scepticism to relief’ regarding the dialogues in Sibling Talks.
Conclusion Sibling Talks facilitated open communication between siblings and parents, helping parents gain a deeper understanding of their children's perspectives. Sessions with nurses were experienced as respectful and caring, allowing siblings' perspectives to be heard and enhancing family interaction.
Impact This study provides new insights into siblings' needs and how nurses can approach and communicate with siblings and parents, highlighting positive experiences with the Sibling Talks intervention
Automatic time in bed detection from hip-worn accelerometers for large epidemiological studies: The Tromsø Study
Get PDFAccelerometers are frequently used to assess physical activity in large epidemiological studies. They can monitor movement patterns and cycles over several days under free-living conditions and are usually either worn on the wrist or the hip. While wrist-worn accelerometers have been frequently used to additionally assess sleep and time in bed behavior, hip-worn accelerometers have been widely neglected for this task due to their primary focus on physical activity. Here, we present a new method with the objective to identify the time in bed to enable further analysis options for large-scale studies using hip-placement like time in bed or sedentary time analyses. We introduced new and accelerometer-specific data augmentation methods, such as mimicking a wrongly worn accelerometer, additional noise, and random croping, to improve training and generalization performance. Subsequently, we trained a neural network model on a sample from the population-based Tromsø Study and evaluated it on two additional datasets. Our algorithm achieved an accuracy of 94% on the training data, 92% on unseen data from the same population and comparable results to consumer-wearable data obtained from a demographically different population. Generalization performance was overall good, however, we found that on a few particular days or participants, the trained model fundamentally over- or underestimated time in bed (e.g., predicted all or nothing as time in bed). Despite these limitations, we anticipate our approach to be a starting point for more sophisticated methods to identify time in bed or at some point even sleep from hip-worn acceleration signals. This can enable the re-use of already collected data, for example, for longitudinal analyses where sleep-related research questions only recently got into focus or sedentary time needs to be estimated in 24 h wear protocols
An Innovation Narrative threatens Societal Safety: Analyzing Vulnerabilities to Regulatory Capture in the Norwegian approach to AI Governance
Get PDFThis thesis examines the vulnerabilities of the Norwegian approach to regulatory capture, where policy is co-opted to serve private profit over public interest, and the societal safety implications that may arise as a result. Drawing on key policy documents for Norwegian AI policy, the analysis highlights several priorities and initiatives involving private actors, with a focus on innovation and technological solutions taking precedence over digital rights and protections for individuals. The findings reveal three dominant discourses that collectively frame AI as a trustworthy and essential innovation capable of solving complex problems in the face of an uncertain future. From this, I discuss risks of capture stemming from ambiguous ethical standards, overreliance on industry expertise, and the pervasive influence of the “innovation narrative” in shaping political priorities and promoting technological solutionism. The thesis explores the potential impacts of these vulnerabilities for societal safety and robustness in Norway, including the erosion of public trust, the weakening of digital rights and infrastructure, potential environmental consequences, and the perpetuation of discrimination against minorities. Recommendations for mitigating these risks are discussed, including strengthening AI competence for policymakers and the public, implementing proactive enforcement mechanisms, and fostering inclusive governance that prioritizes public welfare over private interests. The thesis ends by urging further research and discussion of the as-yet unexplored effects of the innovation narrative on the capture of AI regulation and the AI institution
Avaldsnes - med "bricolage" og kreativ idémyldring til ny kunnskap
Get PDFDenne oppgaven diskuterer funn fra Avaldsnes, Karmøy k., med en «bricolage»-tilnærming. Det vil si at det teoretiske grunnlaget ble plukket fra forskjellige plasser. Fenomenlogi, objekt-orientert ontologi, filosofi, ting-teori og ikke-atroposentrisme er noen av de mest fremtredende vinklingene i den forbindelse. Istedenfor å kun gjøre en kulturhistorisk analyse av materialet fra Avaldsnes, blir det diskutert hva alternativene til dette kan være. Utgangspunkt for denne oppgava er ei oppfatning av at de nåværende strukturene i arkeologisk, akademisk skriving kan være begrensende for fagets potensiale. Det blir som regel lagt opp til kulturhistoriske diskusjoner, der tingene blir føyet inn i en menneskefokusert fortelling. De blir ‘ting for oss’. Denne avhandlinga har som mål å tydeliggjøre noen av disse rammene og reflektere over dem, samt å formulere flere alternative tilnærminger til et arkeologisk materiale. En del av avhandlinga handler så om Hanseatene og deres tilstedeværelse på Avaldsnes. Deretter følger diskusjoner om hva ting er, hvordan kategorisering påvirker det arkeologiske arbeidet og hvordan beskrivelser av ulike kroppslige erfaringer kunne inngå i vitenskapelig arbeid. Her blir blant annet begreper som ‘undring’, ‘omsorg’ og ‘affect’ trukket inn. Samlet sett har denne oppgave som mål å diskutere hvordan man kan utvide den faglig aksepterte diskursen i arkeologien. Gjennom å vise fram andre, friere måter å skrive på, skal oppgava bidra til å åpne for mer kreative, mangfoldige faglige diskurser i arkeologien
Análisis de Errores en el uso de los verbos existenciales "ser", "estar" y "hay" en estudiantes con autismo.
Get PDFI denne oppgaven har jeg forsøkt å forstå bedre hvordan er prosessen av å lære de eksistensielle verbene på spansk "ser", "estar" og "hay" i norske elever med autisme.Thorugh this study I have tried to understand better how is the process of learning the existencial verbs in Spanish "ser", "estar" and "hay" in students with autism
Traversing the Abyss : A Nietzschean Interpretation of Humanity in Clarke's 2001: A Space Odyssey
Get PDFThis thesis provides a Nietzchean interpretation of how humanity is portrayed in Arthur C. Clarke’s novel 2001: A Space Odyssey. This is done through drawing on theories of truth, humanity and the Other, and the Burkean sublime, as well as Nietzsche’s Thus Spoke Zarathustra, and, through this, provides an analysis of how the characters Moon-Watcher and David Bowman/the Star-Child can be understood as Nietzschean Übermensch and the subsequent consequences this has for the portrayal and understandings of humanity in the novel. Through this interpretation it is shown that humanity is both acknowledged in its sublime potential as well as criticized for not striving for said potential
En liten dør i klasserommet
Get PDFSammendrag
I denne kvalitative studien har formålet vært å undersøke hvordan et estetisk anslag kan brukes, som inngang til funksjonell skriving i en førsteklasse. I den sammenheng ble det utviklet et undervisningsopplegg bestående av 3 forløp innenfor funksjonell skriving, der drama, lek og fiksjon stod sentralt. Arbeidet har gitt meg en større innsikt i hvilke utfordringer og muligheter som ligger i en funksjonell tilnærming til skriving, med drama som utgangspunkt. I datainnsamlingen har jeg brukt observasjon av forløpene og refleksjonssamtale med lærerne som metode, for å samle inn data. Masterprosjektets analyse har tatt utgangspunkt i Bakke og Lindstøl (2023) sin dramaturgiske forløpsanalyse. I analysen ble forløpene analysert i sin helhet, før tre hendelser ble nærmere analysert i en hendelsesanalyse.
I analysen kom det frem ulike perspektiver på hvordan en liten dør har fungert som inngang til funksjonell skriving, gjennom å analysere tre hendelser i lys av tre kategorier. Hvor jeg kom frem til at en liten dør kan fungere som inngang til funksjonell skriving ved at den har en funksjon, som estetisk anslag. Det estetiske anslaget åpner for muligheten til å bruke fiksjon som funksjon til skriving. Den lille døra var på den måten en funksjon til skrivingen deres, som gjennom lek og fiksjon, kan ha virket meningsfull. Fiksjonen ga elevene en kontekst for skrivingen og iscenesatt en fiktiv verden i klasserommet.
Nøkkelbegreper
Begynneropplæring, funksjonell skriving, drama, lek, estetisk ansla
A Process Tracing Study: The ‘Comfort Women’ Issue’s Persistence and Salience in South Korea–Japan Relations
Get PDFThis thesis examines two questions: (1) Why has the ‘comfort women’ issue become so important to South Korean identity? (2) Why do diplomatic tensions between South Korea and Japan over the issue escalate during some periods and not during others? The study develops hypotheses for each question using the Explaining-Outcome Process-Tracing method. The aim has been to craft minimally sufficient explanations to uncover and analyze the drivers of the conflict.
The study’s findings show the important role ‘comfort women’ activism has played in keeping the issue alive and making it salient in South Korean politics and identity. Furthermore, the study contributes to the literature on political leaders’ influence on the countries’ bilateral relationship by finding that the combination of left-wing nationalist presidents in South Korea and right-wing prime ministers in Japan has led to the most tension in the diplomatic relationship. The study also infers the connection that activism has to the bilateral relationship through the pathway of collective historical memory, and as such, contributes to the literature on activist civil societies’ role in hindering reconciliation.
Keywords: ‘comfort women’ issue, South Korea-Japan relations, conflict salience, hindered reconciliation
«Gud og hvermann og renholderen, alle kunne komme i innspill her, hvis de hadde gode ideer» - - En kvalitativ studie av beslutningsprosessen som ledet frem til program Bærekraft 25
Get PDFDenne masteroppgaven er en kvalitativ case-studie av beslutningsprosessen som ledet frem til Bærekraft 25 i Fredrikstad kommune. Temaet var beslutningsprosesser i offentlig sektor, og oppgaven baserer seg på beslutningsteori. Formålet var å forsøke å kartlegge hva som kjennetegnet prosessen, og prosessens innvirkning på utfallet. Med bakgrunn i dette hadde oppgaven følgende problemstilling:
Hva kjennetegner beslutningsprosessen som førte frem til B25? Hvordan har de ulike aktørene, løsningene, problemene og beslutningsarenaene påvirket utfallet, og hvilken modell beskriver prosessen mest?
Oppgaven baserte seg på intervjuer med sentrale personer i prosessen, og dokumenter fra prosessen. Hovedfunnene var at prosessen hadde på uklare mål og problemer, og at flere av grepene underveis var vage. Flere aktører kom og gikk underveis i prosessen. Selv om det tidvis var forhandlinger mellom aktører og vurderinger av stegvise, marginalt forskjellige forslag, var utfallet i stor grad preget av denne uklarheten, og av løsninger som lette etter problemer, og problemer som lette etter arenaer å bli løftet på