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Mothers` experience with transitions in the process towards neonatal digital homecare
Full text linkObjective - This study aimed to explore mothers` experiences with transitions from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to digital homecare.
Methods - Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with five mothers whose preterm infants had received digital homecare from a NICU in Norway. All interviews were conducted through video call due to COVID-19 safety restrictions. Interview transcripts were analysed using Tjora's stepwise deductive inductive method. Meleis' Transition Theory provides the theoretical framework for this analysis.
Results - The study identifies two critical transitions. The informants experienced specific conditions that affected the transitions, resulting in varying perceptions of whether the transitions towards digital homecare were good and, subsequently, whether the transitions were health-promoting, such as coping with the parental role. Three themes emerged: (1) the need for ongoing information, (2) relational continuity, and (3) defined roles.
Conclusions - Mothers in the NICU undergo a complex and multifaceted transition as they assume the responsibilities of independent caregivers while simultaneously managing the various situational shifts within the unit and the progression toward early discharge. Given the challenges inherent in this process, healthcare professionals must prioritize comprehensive support throughout each phase, ensuring an optimal and well-coordinated transition
Observation-Based Estimate of Net Community Production in Antarctic Sea Ice
Full text linkAntarctic sea ice is one of the largest biomes on Earth providing a critical habitat for ice algae.
Measurements of primary production in Antarctic sea ice remain scarce and an observation‐based estimate of
primary production has not been revisited in over 30 years. We fill this knowledge gap by presenting a newly
compiled circumpolar data set of particulate and dissolved organic carbon from 362 ice cores, sampled between
1989 and 2019, to estimate sea‐ice net community production using a carbon biomass accumulation approach.
Our estimate of 26.8–32.9 Tg C yr−1 accounts for at least 15%–18% of the total primary production in the
Antarctic sea‐ice zone, less than a previous observation‐based estimate (63–70 Tg C yr−1
) and consistent with
recent modeled estimates. The results underpin the ecological significance of sea‐ice algae as an early season
resource for pelagic food webs
A Stackelberg game analysis of livestreaming sales and product returns in e-commerce
No full textMany enterprises selling products on e-commerce platforms have adopted livestreaming to increase sales volume. A high return rate, caused by an exaggerated presentation of the products, can overwhelm the supply chain. Livestreaming considering the product return issue has received little attention in the academic literature. Building on the existing knowledge of the traditional e-commerce sales model, a Stackelberg game model led by an apparel enterprise is established to study livestreaming as a new sales strategy, considering the return rates, the livestreaming anchors’ commission, and the products’ diminishing time-value. A comparative analysis investigates whether the livestreaming sales model increases profitability, considering that some products may be returned. The results show that the return rate has a meaningfully different impact on the optimal price and sales volume of both the apparel enterprise and the third-party liquidation seller. In livestreaming sales, if the commission charged by the anchor passes a certain threshold, the apparel enterprise’s profit will be less than its traditional e-commerce profit, even with a low return rate. It is also found that a higher diminishing time-value coefficient of apparel may correspond to lower pricing by the third-party liquidation seller
Two Highly Unexpected Emails and a Tap on the Shoulder: A personal account of the benefits of open access in the humanities
Full text linkOpen access is one of the most heated topics in the world of scholarly publishing. Humanities scholars sometimes critique electronic publishing – and Creative Commons licences in particular – as a threat to the publication format that they cherish the most, viz. the monograph. This article argues otherwise. Based on personal experience, its author argues that open sharing of monograph-size theses and dissertations in repositories facilitates uptake by serious academic book publishers. Moreover, publishing an open access monograph with a Creative Commons licence paves the way for translations into other languages at no cost whatsoever. Humanities scholars should embrace open access instead of seeing it as a threat and explore new possibilities offered by the emerging diamond open access model
Investigation of Multilayers in Polar Mesospheric Summer Echoes
Full text linkUnderstanding the influence of the Sun and space on the Earth's atmosphere is of current interest, as it may be valuable in the context of global climate change research. Polar Mesospheric Summer Echoes (PMSE) are phenomenona that rely on the presence of ice particles, offering insights into the mesosphere's temperature and water vapor content. This thesis aimed to investigate PMSE in the upper atmosphere using the EISCAT VHF radar data, with a focus on quantifying PMSE multilayers during solar maximum and solar minimum.
To achieve this, a random forests-based model was used to segment PMSE data within the radar observations. This model allowed for a finer exploration of PMSE multilayers and was applied to investigate the multi-layered PMSE structures during different phases of the solar cycle, and under varying ionospheric conditions.
The output of the model enabled segmentation of PMSE data with reduced back-scattered power threshold filtering, preserving a larger number of valuable data points compared to previous studies. This approach enabled the examination of both monolayer and multilayer PMSE structures in finer detail. Notably, during solar maximum, PMSE demonstrated higher average altitude, echo power, and layer thickness compared to solar minimum. Analysis of individual layers in multilayer sets shows that the altitude of the first, second, and third highest layers increases with the number of layers. Additionally, the altitude of the the lowest layer generally matched with the altitude of noctilucent clouds (NLC), as reported by observers. These clouds are visible due to light scattering off their ice particles. Furthermore, a positive correlation between echo power and ionospheric electron density at 92 km altitude above PMSE was observed. This indicates that higher electron densities might be essential for the observation of multi-layered PMSE.
Looking ahead, future studies could explore the links between multi-layered PMSE formation, winds, and gravity waves. Future research could also focus on investigating mean altitudes of different multilayers by utilizing different radars or operating modes offering better resolution within the 80 to 90 km altitude range. Additionally, extending the data analysis to include more EISCAT data of more than one solar cycle to analyse possible trends could provide further insights into PMSE. The analysis tools that emerged from this work can be used for examining many more hours of EISCAT observations
The Right to an Explanation Under the GDPR and the AI Act
Full text linkThe article provides a comprehensive overview of European regulations, the GDPR and the AI Act, focusing on the right to explanation for individual decisions inferred from high-risk AI systems and automated decision-making. It analyses the concept of the right to explanation in automated decision-making processes, emphasizing the legal obligations surrounding the provision of meaningful information pre- and post-decision. The paper examines explainable AI (XAI) methods in this context, categorizing them as intrinsic and post-hoc, with examples like decision trees, Shapley values and Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME). By analysing the legal and technical dimensions together, insights into the complex interplay between data protection, AI regulation, and the quest for transparency in the EU acquis are made
A global framework for integrating public health into well-being: why a public well-being system is needed
Full text linkThere is a growing focus on public health initiatives that prioritise well-being. The main question of our study is whether this, in its current form, can really represent a new response to the challenges of previous strategies, or whether there is a greater chance that it will essentially reproduce the problems associated with the paradoxical situation of public health.Based on a review, analysis and evaluation of the literature on well-being in public health, we outlined the foundations of a new meta-theory of well-being and a possibility for its social application. In our view, well-being is seen as a social representation of a combination of positive and negative freedom of choice concerning the quality of everyday life, used in a positioning process involving both individual and collective aspects. Health is a particular aspect of the social representation and positioning of well-being, which encompasses aspects of the physical, psychological, social and spiritual functioning of individuals.The well-being meta-theory also opens up the possibility for more effective solutions to the social challenges related to well-being and salutogenetic health. It underscores the importance of the need for a dedicated social subsystem where the goals and organizational culture of the organizations involved are focused on well-being and health promotion. In our study, we consider this to be the Public Well-being System (PWS).Our conclusion is that the development and operation of a new set of institutions -the Public Wellbeing System (PWS) -based on the co-production of services that meet the needs and demands of society, and dedicated to the promotion of well-being, may provide an opportunity to overcome the public health paradox
Sammenhengen mellom sykemeldte pasienters forventing om retur til arbeid og faktisk retur til arbeid en registerstudie basert på Norsk nakke- og ryggregister
Full text linkIntroduksjon: langvarige rygg- og nakkesmerter er vanlige helseplager og betydelige årsaker til sykefravær og uførhet. Å oppnå retur til arbeid (RTW) for pasienter sykemeldt med disse plagene er et viktig mål for samfunnet. Forskning har identifisert mange prognostiske faktorer for dette. En av disse er pasientenes egen forventning om å kunne returnere eller ikke returnere til arbeid. Det har ikke blitt kvantifisert hvor mye denne kan faktoren bidra til å predikere når man kontrollerer for andre relevante faktorer.
Materialer og metode: 2554 sykemeldte pasienter med nakke- og/eller ryggsmerter som ble behandlet i spesialisthelsetjenesten fra og med februar 2021 til og med desember 2023 utgjør utvalget. Disse leverte detaljerte data til Norsk Nakke- og Ryggregister før og 6 måneder etter begynnelsen av behandling. Modellseleksjon brukes for å produsere to modeller for å predikere RTW, hvorav en spesifikt vektlegger forventning om RTW. Prediktiv validitet vurderes med ROC-kurver. Multippel imputasjon brukes for å håndtere manglende data, og samtidig produsere 5 valideringsdatasett.
Resultater: modellen med spesifikk vektlegging av forventning om RTW har signifikant (p=0,021) bedre prediktiv validitet enn den uten (AUC-differanse=1,1%) i treningsdatasettet (n=1845). Både prediktiv validitet for modellene, og rangordningen deres, er den samme i valideringsdatasettene (n=709), men differansen er ikke signifikant.
Diskusjon: Oppgaven bekrefter at vektlegging av forventning om RTW gir noe prediktiv validitet over og forbi generelle negative forestillinger om virkningen av arbeid på helsen. Pasienters forventning om retur til arbeid kan dermed antakelig brukes som et ledd i prioritering av behandling der hvor ressursbegrensninger tilsier at pasienter må prioriteres etter risiko for blant annet frafall fra arbeidslivet. Det må dog påpekes at pasientene som ikke returnerte til arbeid mottok mer behandling enn de som gjorde det, så det kan være begrenset hvor mye man kan hente med dette. Videre forskning må til for å finne ut i hvilken grad forventning om RTW er en modifiserbar risikofaktor (e.g. med psykoedukasjon), og i hvilken grad det er en korrekt vurdering av egen arbeidsevne.Introduction: Chronic back and neck pain are common health complaints and significant causes of sick leave and disability. Achieving return to work (RTW) for patients on sick leave due to these conditions is an important societal goal. Research has identified many prognostic factors for RTW. One of these is the patients’ own expectation of being able to return—or not return—to work. However, the extent to which this factor can contribute to prediction when controlling for other relevant factors has not been quantified.
Materials and methods: The sample consists of 2554 patients on sick leave due to neck and/or back pain who received treatment in specialist healthcare from February 2021 through December 2023. These patients provided detailed data to the Norwegian Neck and Back Registry both before and six months after the start of treatment. Model selection is used to produce two models for predicting RTW, one of which specifically emphasizes expectation of RTW. Predictive validity is assessed using ROC curves. Multiple imputation is used to handle missing data and to generate five validation datasets.
Results: The model that specifically emphasizes expectation of RTW has significantly (p = 0.021) better predictive validity than the one that does not (AUC difference = 1.1%) in the training dataset (n = 1,845). Both the predictive validity of the models and their ranking remain the same in the validation datasets (n = 709), but the difference is not statistically significant.
Discussion: This thesis confirms that emphasizing expectation of RTW provides some predictive validity beyond general negative beliefs about the impact of work on health. Patients’ expectations regarding return to work may therefore be used as part of prioritizing treatment in contexts where limited resources require prioritization based on risk of, among other things, dropping out of the workforce. However, it should be noted that patients who did not return to work received more treatment than those who did, which may limit how much can be gained from this factor. Further research is needed to determine the extent to which expectation of RTW is a modifiable risk factor (e.g., through psychoeducation), and to what extent it reflects an accurate self-assessment of work ability
Mesteren & døden Tolstojs besettelser i lys av Zapffes "Om det tragiske"
No full textTolstojs forfatterskap er preget av en livslang søken etter sannhet og Gud. Hans litterære produksjon vitner om en unik tankekraft og enorm begavelse, men samtidig finnes et tragisk anstrøk ved hele hans liv og forfatterskap. Særlig døden var evig tilstedeværende i Tolstojs liv, og han hadde store problemer med å akseptere den skjebne felles for alle mennesker – at livet en dag tar slutt. Denne undersøkelsen tar utgangspunkt i Tolstojs viktigste skjønnlitterære verker, fra oppveksttrilogiens livsglede og ungdommelige entusiasme til de senere romanene hvor han utviklet seg til en forfatter som vendte ryggen til de transcenderende elementene i kristendommen og ble i alt større grad opptatt av moral, dogmer og regler, samtidig som dødsangsten ble gradvis mer påtagelig. En økende skyldfølelse på grunn av sin egen rikdom kombinert med en manglende evne å leve i tråd med sine egne verdier og ideal, bidro til at han klarte aldri å finne fred, og den indre kampen fortsatte helt til det siste åndedrett. Tolstojs åndelige storhet var på samme tid en gave og forbannelse. Denne oppgaven belyser med utgangspunkt i Peter Wessel Zapffes doktorgradsavhandling Om det tragiske, de grunnleggende tragiske livsbetingelser som ligger bak en slik «livspanikk» hos Tolstoj. Formålet med undersøkelsen er også å bringe klarhet i de underliggende årsakene til hans tragiske skjebne og indre kamp, og hvorfor han ikke lyktes å slutte fred med seg selv. I følge Zapffe er menneskets søken etter mening i tilværelsen og forståelse av dødens meningsløshet et resultat av overutrustning i intellektuelle og åndelige evner. De kår og betingelser mennesket er satt til å leve under aldri kan gi et tilfredsstillende svar. Den virkelige, nødvendige tragikken finner sted når to uforenlige storheter møtes og følgelig utsletter hverandre, og dermed er undergangen uunngåelig. I Tolstojs tilfelle er den åndelige storheten og søken etter Gud uforenlig med de like sterke livsreglene og moralske dogmene. Disse to motpolene var i evig konflikt, og bidro til Tolstojs tragiske skjebne og undergang
La competencia intercultural en libros de texto de español en Noruega Un análisis crítico de su discurso desde la imagología.
No full textFull text not availableRESUMEN: La presente tesis tiene como objetivo analizar una selección de textos presentes en libros de enseñanza de español en la escuela secundaria en Noruega (nivel II), para ver en ellos el aprendizaje de la competencia intercultural. A partir de un análisis de su discurso se tratará de ver si estos textos son aptos para el desarrollo de esta competencia, o si, por lo contrario, refuerzan dinámicas relacionadas con discriminación, estereotipos y generalizaciones culturales. El análisis que se realizará se aleja de lo estrictamente didáctico y se enfoca en aspectos interpretativos e ideológicos. Por ello se inserta su estudio en el marco del Análisis Crítico del Discurso y la Imagología. El primero, como marco conceptual para ver las relaciones de poder manifestadas en estos discursos educativos. El segundo para ver cómo se construye la imagen del “otro” en sociedades multiculturales.
Palabras clave: Análisis crítico de discurso, imagología, competencia intercultural, plan curricular, estereotipos, idolología, ELE.ABSTRACT: This thesis aims to analyze a selection of texts found in Spanish textbooks in Norwegian upper secondary school (level II) to explore the learning of intercultural competence. Through a discourse analysis, the aim is to determine whether these texts are suitable for the development of this competence or, on the contrary, reinforce dynamics related to discrimination, stereotypes, and cultural generalizations. The analysis undertaken moves away from the strictly didactic and focuses on interpretive and ideological aspects. Therefore, the study is inserted within the framework of Critical Discourse Analysis and Imagology. The former serves as a conceptual framework for understanding the power relations manifested in these educational discourses. The latter seeks to examine how the image of the “other” is constructed in multicultural societies.
Key words: Critical analysis of discourse, imagology, intercultural competence, curriculum, stereotypes, ideology, Spanish as a Foreign Language