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Statistical and Machine Learning Methods for Developing Prognostic Model using RNA-seq Data
No full text[[abstract]]This dissertation is motivated to the development of a computational method to improve prognosis prediction based on RNA-seq data, where RNA-seq refers to the measures of the expression profiles of transcripts collectively. Previously many computational methods have been constructed for prognosis and diagnosis prediction of cancer patients using RNA-seq data. However, computational methods to analyze prognosis and diagnosis based on high dimensional datasets are still limitedly identified. Thus, a new statistical and machine learning strategy was proposed to develop prognostic and diagnostic models that could predict prognosis and diagnosis cancer patients efficiently. This dissertation contains three publications. In paper one, this research used Cox regression and Random survival forest algorithm to identify potential miRNAs that predict the prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer (OC). In this study, potential miRNA signatures that were correlated with survival of OC patients were identified. In the second paper, a multivariate Cox regression model with three hybrid penalties approaches including least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso), adaptive lasso, and elastic net algorithms followed by best subset prognostic model were proposed. The proposed method identified potential prognostic and diagnostic gene signatures that could discriminate high-risk of hepatocellular Carcinoma(HCC) using TCGA dataset. The robustness of our results were verified by various public and experimental datasets. Finally, this dissertation present, a novel miRNA signature-based classification model of risk and stages based on a new statistical and machine learning approaches were discussed. The proposed method identified potential miRNAs that were related with both prognosis and tumor stages of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) patients and this miRNA signature improves risk and diagnostic classification performance of CCRCC patients. Overall, the results of these studies were developed based on statistical and machine learning models to predict prognosis, diagnosis and tumor stages of cancer patients and the biological function of biomarkers that are identified by the proposed methods were provided to elucidate the biological mechanisms and progression of cancer.[[abstract]]This dissertation is motivated to the development of a computational method to improve prognosis prediction based on RNA-seq data, where RNA-seq refers to the measures of the expression profiles of transcripts collectively. Previously many computational methods have been constructed for prognosis and diagnosis prediction of cancer patients using RNA-seq data. However, computational methods to analyze prognosis and diagnosis based on high dimensional datasets are still limitedly identified. Thus, a new statistical and machine learning strategy was proposed to develop prognostic and diagnostic models that could predict prognosis and diagnosis cancer patients efficiently. This dissertation contains three publications. In paper one, this research used Cox regression and Random survival forest algorithm to identify potential miRNAs that predict the prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer (OC). In this study, potential miRNA signatures that were correlated with survival of OC patients were identified. In the second paper, a multivariate Cox regression model with three hybrid penalties approaches including least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso), adaptive lasso, and elastic net algorithms followed by best subset prognostic model were proposed. The proposed method identified potential prognostic and diagnostic gene signatures that could discriminate high-risk of hepatocellular Carcinoma(HCC) using TCGA dataset. The robustness of our results were verified by various public and experimental datasets. Finally, this dissertation present, a novel miRNA signature-based classification model of risk and stages based on a new statistical and machine learning approaches were discussed. The proposed method identified potential miRNAs that were related with both prognosis and tumor stages of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) patients and this miRNA signature improves risk and diagnostic classification performance of CCRCC patients. Overall, the results of these studies were developed based on statistical and machine learning models to predict prognosis, diagnosis and tumor stages of cancer patients and the biological function of biomarkers that are identified by the proposed methods were provided to elucidate the biological mechanisms and progression of cancer
Using biomedical big data to explore the genetic markers and clinical prognosis of gastric cancer
No full text[[abstract]]根據世界衛生組織統計，胃癌在全世界的排名是第四個普遍被診斷的癌症，然後癌症的死亡率也是排名第二高，已經被視為重要的健康危害。胃癌的發病機制仍未完全表徵，可靠的分子生物標誌物數量有限，目前在臨床實踐中是有針對性的。所以急需全面性探討基因組，以期找到胃癌生物標誌物，進而應用於早期診斷、預後預測和潛在治療標靶點。為解決上述問題，我們全面性分析胃癌患者與正常人之基因體各項實驗數據，結合基因表現量、基因突變率以及臨床資料，以期發現胃癌之預後標誌物。本研究我們透過NCBI-GEO進行stomach GPL570(生物晶片)實驗數據資料庫統整，搜尋胃癌相關實驗數據，分析差異表現基因共有54個基因，接著進行功能分析、突變率分析、臨床預後分析。結果發現，有12個基因(EPHB2、COL12A1、ASPM、GJB2、KPNA2、S100A10、PTPN12、WDR72、TRPA1、SLC4A4、GLUL、AXDND1)預後生存圖具有明顯差異，其中TRPA1、ASPM、EPHB2基因至少具有2倍差異基因表現，並且呈現正向預後趨勢，我們的結果與文獻相似。而GLUL基因在本研究之預後分析，雖具統計意義（p-valu=0.0193）呈現正向預後，但存活月份差異不明顯，推論可能是病例數不足，該基因沒有找到與胃癌之相關文獻。為進一步觀察上述基因之間是否存在加乘效益，我們將其合併，觀察其臨床預後，結果顯示合併TRPA1、EPHB2、GLUL、ASPM四個基因在胃癌具有正向之預後，平均存活率提高三倍。經過我們一系列生物資訊探戡，發現TRPA1、EPHB2、GLUL、ASPM在胃癌均具有正向預後顯著，且合併後，更可提高其預後平均存活率，綜上所述TRPA1、EphB2、GLUL、ASPM可作為預測胃癌的預後指標。[[abstract]]According to estimates by the World Health Organization，gastric cancer is the fourth According to the statistics of the World Health Organization, gastric cancer ranks the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world, and the death rate of cancer is also ranked second, and has been regarded as an important health hazard. The pathogenesis of gastric cancer has not yet been fully characterized, and the number of reliable molecular biomarkers is limited, and they are currently targeted in clinical practice. Therefore, it is urgent to comprehensively explore the genome in order to find gastric cancer biomarkers, and then apply them to early diagnosis, prognosis prediction and potential treatment targets. In order to solve the above problems, we comprehensively analyze the experimental data of the genomic body of gastric cancer patients and normal people, combined with gene expression, gene mutation rate and clinical data, with a view to discovering prognostic markers of gastric cancer.In this study, we used NCBI-GEO to integrate the stomach GPL570 (biochip) experimental data database, search for gastric cancer-related experimental data, analyze a total of 54 genes for differentially expressed genes, and then perform functional analysis, mutation rate analysis, and clinical prognosis analysis. The results showed that there are 12 genes (EPHB2, COL12A1, ASPM, GJB2, KPNA2, S100A10, PTPN12, WDR72, TRPA1, SLC4A4, GLUL, ADXND1) with significant differences in prognostic survival maps, of which TRPA1, ASPM, EPHB2 genes have at least 2 times Different gene performance, and showing a positive prognostic trend, our results are similar to those in the literature. In the prognostic analysis of the GLUL gene in this study, although it is statistically significant (p-valu=0.0193), it presents a positive prognosis, but the difference in survival months is not obvious. The inference may be that the number of cases is insufficient. The gene has not found relevant literature on gastric cancer. In order to further observe whether there is a multiplicative benefit between the above genes, we combined them and observed their clinical prognosis. The results showed that the combination of TRPA1, EPHB2, GLUL, and ASPM has a positive prognosis in gastric cancer, and the average survival rate is increased by three times.After a series of biological information explorations, we found that TRPA1, EPHB2, GLUL, and ASPM all have significant positive prognosis in gastric cancer, and the combination can increase the average prognostic survival rate. In summary, TRPA1, EphB2, GLUL, ASPM It can be used as a prognostic indicator for predicting gastric cancer
Analyze the association between Fenofibrate and diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database
No full text[[abstract]]摘要 Fenofibrate是一種PPAR-α agonist的降血脂藥物，在 ACCORD-Eye 和FIELD 研究中，已被證明可減少糖尿病視網膜病變的進展以及雷射治療的需求。然於次族群分析收案前沒有糖尿病視網膜病變患者，fenofibrate組與安慰劑組之間的糖尿病視網膜病變發展無顯著差異。本研究為以台灣人口為基礎的回溯性世代研究，探討第二型糖尿病患者服用fenofibrate是否可以降低發生糖尿病視網膜病變與雷射治療的風險。在2001-2002年間共有892,419名患者，從中篩選出32,253名收案前沒有視網膜病變的第2型糖尿病患者，然後根據是否服用fenofibrate將其分為兩組，並追蹤患者是否被診斷出糖尿病視網膜病變直到2008年底為止。對於2,500名fenofibrate使用者和29,753名非使用者，其平均追蹤時間分別為6.8±1.5年和5.4±2.6年，Cox比例風險回歸分析顯示新發糖尿病視網膜病變的風險比(HR)為0.57 (95% CI 0.57–0.62, p <0.001)。在調整高血壓、查爾森合併症指數(CCI)、以及藥物，例如血管收縮素轉換?抑製劑(ACE-I)、血管收縮素受體阻斷劑(ARB)、抗凝血劑、Gemfibrozil、Statin藥物和降血糖藥，調整後的HR值為0.75 (95% CI 0.68–0.82, p <0.001)。需要雷射治療的HR和調整後的HR分別為0.59 (95% CI 0.49-0.71, p <0.001)和0.67 (95% CI 0.56-0.81, p <0.001)。本研究發現，長期且規律使用fenofibrate會降低第二型糖尿病患者發生視網膜病變的風險和雷射治療的需要。[[abstract]]AbstractFenofibrate is a PPAR-α agonist drug. The ACCORD-Eye and the FIELD study proven to reduce demand progress and laser treatment of diabetic retinopathy (DR). However, the patients without pre-existing DR in the subgroup of the FIELD study, between the fenofibrate treatment group and the placebo group there was no significant difference in the progression of DR. In this study we analyze type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients in a retrospective cohort study based on the Taiwanese population whether fenofibrate can reduce the risk of a DR incident. From 2001 to 2002, a total of 32,253 patients with T2DM who had no pre-existing DR were enrolled from 892,419 patients. Then it was divided into two groups, one with fenofibrate and the other without using. The patients were followed up whether they were diagnosed with DR until the end of 2008. The follow-up periods for 2,500 users of fenofibrate group were 6.8 ± 1.5 years and 29,753 non-users were 5.4 ± 2.6 years. The hazard ratio (HR) for new-onset DR was 0.57 (95 % CI 0.57–0.62, p <0.001) as shown by Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. After adjusting for hypertension; the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI); and medications like angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), anticoagulants, gemfibrozil, hypoglycemic agents, and Statins, the adjusted HR was 0.75 (95 % CI 0.68–0.82, p < 0.001). The HR of the need for laser treatment were 0.59 (95 % CI 0.49-0.71, p <0.001) and after adjusting HR were 0.67 (95 % CI 0.56-0.81, p <0.001). Our research shows that long-term and regular fenofibrate treatment can reduce the risk of DR and the laser treatment requirement of patients with T2DM
Quantitative Analysis Relating with Tourism Service Quality
No full text[[abstract]]本研究從三個專題對旅遊服務品質進行定量分析。本研究的目的是：專題一是為了探討供應鏈關係如何影響臺灣台中市與泰國清邁市公共交通品質，並詮釋兩地公共交通質量合作供應鏈關係的構建。在此基礎上，本文對理論模型進行了擴展，並進行了實證檢驗（結構方程模型），其估計方法為驗證性因素分析（CFA）方法。專題二是採用卡諾模型分析具有買方價值的新策略，以此確定泰國清邁市顧客選擇五星級酒店的決策，並使用二維品質特徵問卷解釋了五星級酒店管理者將如何推銷他們的酒店。專題二的研究成果有助於酒店管理者制定新的競爭優勢策略和政策。專題三是為了探討台南市文化遺產商業化和創意的支付意願。因此，運用非市場價值評估方法中的條件價值法（CVM），通過個人內在態度和不同偏好來判斷文化遺產的商業化和創造性是否能夠分析旅遊者的支付意願，並考慮影響其支付意願的因素。 專題一的研究結果表明，溝通、信任、承諾與適應度對台中市（臺灣）旅客品質合作互動有顯著影響。清邁市（泰國）公共交通的研究表明，溝通、承諾和適應度對品質合作下的乘客互動有顯著影響，但信任對品質合作下的乘客互動沒有顯著影響。公共交通服務對於無力開車的人來說是至關重要的一部分，例如，沒有私人車輛的人、懷孕的人、兒童、殘疾人和老年人每天都能以低廉的票價到達目的地。公共交通系統也可以?明減少健康風險的決定因素，如空氣污染和機動車碰撞。專題二的結果顯示，行銷和銷售、室內服務、酒店設施和創新被評估為“無差異品質”。客人預訂被評估為“一維品質”，其次是“吸引力品質”，這表明客人預訂不是清邁五星級酒店最需要考慮的問題。關於入境客人服務/出境客人服務，人們認為吸引顧客入住清邁五星級酒店是最重要的，也被評為“有吸引力的品質”。這些因素將支持酒店的發展。五星級酒店需要使用新的策略或創新來應用到工作系統中。大多數遊客在探險時喜歡住在旅館裡。因此，酒店對遊客來說是非常必要的。最後，課題三的結果表明，根據文化傳承與創意相結合的三種情況，以及應用生存分析的雙約束二分選擇模型估計支付意願的影響因素，對410名被試者進行了支付意願的意願調查價值評估法構建。結果表明，被試者收入越高，對文化遺產保護、參與活動、助力地方發展等增值服務的支付意願越高。[[abstract]]This study focuses on quantitative analysis relating to tourism service quality in 3 topics. The objectives of this research study are: Topic 1 is to investigate how the supply chain relationship affects public transportation quality in Taichung city, Taiwan, and Chiang Mai city, Thailand and interprets the construction of supply chain relationship on quality cooperation for public transportation in Taichung city, Taiwan and Chiang Mai city, Thailand. Furthermore, extend the theoretical model and figure out the empirical test (the structural equation modeling). Consequently, the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) approach is taken for this estimation. Topic 2 is to analyze the Kano model for new strategies with buyer values, it identifies the customer’s decisions of selecting five-star hotels in Chiang Mai city, Thailand, and uses a questionnaire in two-dimensional quality characteristics and interpret how the five-star hotels’ managers will enhance their hotels. The outcomes of this study will contribute to the hotel managers with new concrete strategies for competitive advantage and policy. Topic 3 is to examine the willingness to pay (WTP) for the commercialization and creativity of cultural heritage in Tainan city, Taiwan. Thus, the contingent valuation method (CVM) in the non-market valuation method was applied to determine whether commercialization and creativity of cultural heritage through a personally inherent attitude and different preferences could analyze the tourists’ willingness to pay and to consider the factors that influence their willingness to pay (WTP). The results of topic 1 showed that communication, trust, commitment, and adaptation significantly influence passenger interactions with quality cooperation in Taichung city (Taiwan). The subjects of public transportations in Chiang Mai city (Thailand) intimate that communication, commitment, and adaptation significantly influence passenger interactions with quality cooperation except for trust that doesn't significantly affect passenger interactions with quality cooperation. Public transportation services operate a crucial part for people who are powerless to drive, for instance, people who don't have personal vehicles, people are in pregnancy, children, disabilities, and senior citizens can reach their destinations every day with cheap fares. Public transportation systems also can help reduce health risk determinants like air pollution and motor vehicle crashes. The results of topic 2 explained that marketing and sales, in-room services, hotel amenities, and innovation were assessed as "Indifferent Quality". The guest reservation was assessed as "One-dimensional Quality" and followed by "Attractive Quality" which presented guest reservation was not the most consideration for five-star hotels in Chiang Mai. Concerning inbound guest services/outbound guest services, it was considered the most important to attract customers to stay in five-star hotels in Chiang Mai, and was also assessed as "Attractive Quality". These factors will support the hotel's growth. The five-star hotel needs to use new strategies or innovations to apply to the working system. Most of the tourists prefer to stay in hotels while they are exploring. Thus, hotels are very necessary for tourists. Finally, the results of topic 3 interpreted that 410 subjects were used for the contingent valuation method construction of the willingness to pay based on three situations when cultural heritage and creativity are combined, as well as in the application of the double-bounded dichotomous choice model of survival analysis to estimate the willingness to pay-influencing factors. The results showed that the higher the income of the subject, the higher of willingness to pay for value-added services for preserving cultural heritage, participating in activities, and helping local development
Core Capabilities and Innovative Business Models Analysis of the Biomedical Industry: A Case of Mei Wu Hen Biotechnology Corporation
No full text[[abstract]]在全球邁向高齡化與少子化的人口結構變遷，且民眾越來越重視自身健康、以及生活水準提高的新思維模式，生醫產業逐漸受到消費者的重視。生醫產業是民眾維持健康非常重要一環，且被公認為當前全球成長最快速的產業之一，該產業在早期就被視為專業技術很強的產業，然而進入該產業的門檻除了資金外，很重要是生醫研發人才與經營模式。然而，過去經常被忽略經營問題，造成企業經營不善無法創造較佳利潤。因此，本研究探究在生醫產業具規模與專業能力的美無痕公司，透過個案研究法深度探究該個案公司的經營現況、企業核心能力與資源、以及企業創新的商業模式。藉由分析個案公司的經營策略，瞭解在生醫產業如何能在市場競爭環境中永續經營。本研究針對個案公司分析，獲得結論如下：(1)生醫產業的客戶群較廣泛，應針對不同族群推出不同商品。(2)善用電視廣告與電話行銷是個案公司成功的關鍵因素之一，但在電視廣告上應有技巧的規劃廣告腳本。(3)運用資訊科技提升企業管理效率與顧客關係管理能力，如導入企業資源規劃系統進行行銷與銷售作業管理。(4)生醫產業的商品攸關消費者健康，必須重視安全有效商品開發與使用科學醫學驗證功效。[[abstract]]The structure of the global population is changing towards aging and declining birth rates. In the meantime, growing people who are paying more attention to their own health as well as the new thought model of improving living standards. The biomedical industry is gradually being valued by the people and consumers due to these factors. The biomedical industry is a vital role in staying healthy for the people, and it is recognized as one of the most rapidly growing industries in the world. The industry has been viewed as an industry with the requirement of strong expertise in the early stage. It requires not only capital to enter into this field but also professional research and development talents and business models. However, business issues that were frequently overlooked in the past have impacts on business operations negatively and lead to the difficulty to create better profits. Therefore, this research aims to explore MEI WU HEN, a company with the scale and professional capabilities in the biomedical industry as the research object and utilizes a case study method to deeply analyze the company’s operating status, core capabilities and resources, and innovative business models. By analyzing the business strategy of the case company, this study indicates how the biomedical industry can sustainably operate in competitive markets. Based on the analysis of the case company, this study shows the following: (1) Since there is a wide customer base in the biomedical industry, different products should be launched for different clusters. (2) Deploying the use of TV advertising and telemarketing is one of the key factors for the success of the case company, but there should be skillful planning of advertising scripts in TV advertising. (3) The use of information technology is one of the strategies to improve the efficiency of corporate management and the capabilities of customer relationship management, e.g. an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system is introduced to manage marketing and sales operations. (4) Biomedical products vitally relate to the health of consumers and people. Thus, this study emphasizes the importance of safely effective product development and the necessity of utilizing scientific medicine to verify efficacy
Exploring Consumers' Continuous Behavior in Purchasing Dietary Supplement: Perspectives from Perceived Integration and Interactivity
No full text[[abstract]]消費者已意識到膳食補充劑是預防疾病和健康維持的關鍵；然而，面對需求迥異的消費者該如何提高其持續參與購買之行為，將成為膳食補充劑業者所重視之議題。近年許多關於膳食補充劑之研究，多侷限於營養臨床試驗與科學利益等特定領域，而從未以健康整合與感知互動之面向進行探討，因此本研究藉由期望確認理論與主觀幸福感來探討健康整合與互動對膳食補充劑使用者之重要影響。此外，健康的整合與感知互動也是影響膳食補充劑購買行為之重要因素。因此本研究以期望確認理論為基礎，結合主觀幸福感、健康整合與互動來探討影響消費者持續使用膳食補充劑所需採取之行銷策略。本研究以曾經購買及使用膳食補充劑之使用者為對象，共蒐集有效樣本為637份，分別以平均數、標準差、單因子變異數分析、敘述性統計與結構模式分析等統計方法進行資料分析。研究發現：膳食補充劑之消費者已不再侷限於老年人，而感知整合、感知互動、感知價值(社會價值、訊息價值、情感價值)與主觀幸福感對滿意度有正向影響，而滿意度與主觀幸福感之提升，亦是影響持續行為意圖之策略重點。最後本研究提出理論與實務意涵，作為後續膳食補充劑之研究參考與建議。[[abstract]]Recently, consumers realize dietary supplements are the key for maintaining health and disease prediction. Manager should understand the perception of health perceived integration to satisfy multiple consumers. It is the important issue for the trader of dietary supplements. In recent years, further studies are needed for exploring integrated health and perceptual activities, not only limited to the specific area of nutritional clinical trials and the benefits of science. Therefore, this study uses the expectation-confirmation theory to explore the impact of health integration and dietary supplements. Besides, it is an important factor of health integration and interaction to the dietary supplements consumers buying behavior. Accordingly, this study takes into account of expectation confirmation theory, health integration and interaction to explore the marketing strategy that consumer usage of dietary supplements. The participants were 637 individuals who had purchase or take dietary supplements. This study uses statistical method of mean, standard deviation, analysis of Variance, descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling for data analysis. The findings show that elderly aren’t the only dietary supplements consumers. Besides, the findings show that satisfaction is influenced by perceptual integration, perceptual interaction, perceived value (social value, message value, emotional value), and subjective well-being. Additionally, satisfaction and subjective well-being turn to be the intervening variables towards consumer behavior continues. Conclusion and implication in practice are discussed
Project Management of Religious Detour Activities
No full text[[abstract]]摘要台灣遶境文化盛行，規模較大的有大甲媽祖遶境、白沙屯媽祖遶境、東港燒王船...等等，而人們對熱鬧的活動是無法抗拒的。雖然遶境活動已經有好幾百年的歷史，卻還是美中不足，總是造成交通堵塞、大量的垃圾遺留、音量過高、空氣污染等不可控制的複雜情況。所以，本研究認為台灣的遶境文化需要專案管理模式的導入來規劃，將以台中廣天宮 財神開基祖廟為模型，透過專案管理的手法，評估風險，計算各方面人力，篩選出最佳的遶境模式，將美中不足的地方優化，打造出一個國際級的文化盛事。透過「專案管理」的手法，提升遶境文化的完整性與嚴謹度，為此將建立一個專案管理計畫將其完成，希望讓人看見中台灣有如此規模且高水準的宗教盛事，拉近道教與年輕人之間的斷層，發揚國際，並帶動台中市的觀光產業，將一次性的活動變成永久的文化，提升台中廣天宮 財神開基祖廟在道教信仰中的指標性 。[[abstract]]AbstractTaiwan's detour culture prevails, the larger ones include DajiaMatsu detour, Baishatun Mazu detour , Donggang Burning King Ship...etc.People can't resist the lively activities although the detouractivities have a history of hundreds of years and they always causeuncontrollable complex situations such as traffic jams, a largeamount of garbage leftover, excessive volume, and air pollution.Therefore, this research believes that Taiwan’s detouractivities culture needs to be planned with the introduction of aproject management model, which will be based on Taichung’sGuangtian Temple. Through the method of project management includerisk assessment, calculation of various aspects of manpower selectionof the best detour activities mode, optimization of the shortcomingsto create a world-class cultural event.Through the "project management" method, the integrity and rigorof the detour culture will be improved. To this end, a projectmanagement plan will be established to complete it.I hope that peoplecan see that there is such a large-scale and high-level religiousevent in Central Taiwan, which will Closer the gap between Taoism andyoung people and promote the international community, It will alsopromote the tourism industry in Taichung City, turn one-off eventsinto permanent culture, and enhance Taichung's Guangtian Temple as anindicator of Taoist beliefs
Homogeneity Brands Competitive Strategies
No full text[[abstract]]摘要台灣腹地雖小卻享譽國際，在資訊全球化的情況下，誕生了許多高同性質的知名品牌，如宗教產業之中，法鼓山、中台禪寺、佛光山、慈濟；道教的媽祖體系之下有新港奉天宮、北港朝天宮、白沙屯拱天宮、大甲鎮瀾宮…等等。過去與品牌競爭策略的研究已有不少，但針對宗教產業品牌的探討並未多見。本研究旨在探討應用「SERVQUAL模型」建構提升台中廣天宮品牌的競爭策略，品牌競爭策略包括品牌有形性、品牌可靠性、品牌反應性、品牌保證性、品牌移情性、品牌歷史性、品牌無形性。本研究藉由不同基本資料的信徒透過「宗教信仰黏著度調查表」問卷，信徒對台中廣天宮品牌的期望與黏著度差距分析，以期建構提升台中廣天宮宗教品牌之競爭策略。此研究以台中廣天宮平時前來參拜的信徒為研究對象，以問卷調查法蒐集了120 份有效樣本，並以結構方程式模型來檢驗此模型和所以提出的假設。研究結果為品牌有形性、品牌可靠性正面影響品牌無形性以及品牌保證性正面影響品牌移情性、品牌歷史性為最具顯著性之影響，因此在制定品牌競爭策略時，應當考量企業的有形識別以及品牌保證，以利提升企業品牌之形象。[[abstract]]AbstractAlthough Taiwan’s hinterland is small, it is well-known internationally. Under the circumstances of information globalization, many well-known brands of high homogeneity have been born, such as Fagushan, Zhongtai Buddhist Temple,Foguangshan, Tzu Chi in the religious industry; Taoist Mazu system There are Xingang Fengtian Temple, Beigang Chaotian Temple, Baishatun Gongtian Temple, Dajia Zhenlan Temple... and so on. There have been many researches on competition strategies with brands in the past, but there are not many discussions on religious industry brands. This research aims to explore the application of the "SERVQUALmodel" to construct a competitive strategy to enhance the Taichung Guangtian Temple brand. Brand competition strategies include brand tangibility, brand reliability, brand responsiveness, brand assurance, brand empathy, brand history, and brand Intangible.In this study, through the "Religious Belief Adhesion Questionnaire" questionnaire, the study used believers with different basic data to analyze the believers' expectations of the Taichung Guangtian Temple brand and the gap in adhesion, in order to construct a competitive strategy to enhance Taichung Guangtian Temple's religious brand.In this study, believers who usually visit Taichung Guangtian Temple as the research object, collected 120 valid samples by questionnaire survey method, and tested this model and the hypothesis proposed by the structural equation model. The results of the research are that brand tangibility, brand reliability positively affect brand intangibility, and brand assurance positively affect brand empathy and brand history are the most significant effects. Therefore, when formulating brand competition strategies, consideration should be given to the company’s tangibility. Recognition andbrand guarantee to help enhance the corporate brand image
Marketing Strategy of Social Commerce– A Case Study of T Company
No full text[[abstract]]在互聯網的蓬勃發展下，人們的購物成本下降，社交資訊發達，電子商務現已成為現代購物的主流途徑。Statista提供數據顯示，2018年，全球約有18億人口在線進行網購的動作。同年，全球電商零售額也達到2.8萬億美元；更讓人吃驚的是，有預測顯示，到2021年，全球電商零售額將到達4.8萬億美元，然而傳統的電商已逐漸導入社交化(例如線上直播)，社交平台也有意運用自己龐大的活躍用戶走向C2C的社交電商發展模式(以Facebook、Instagram和小紅書為例)。如今社交電商(Social Commerce)已成為互聯網重要的商業發展趨勢。本研究主要探討T公司在做社交電商的過程中遇到的問題有哪些，在其中能發現什麼經營問題需要改善或精進。本研究採用半結構式深度訪談方式，與專家學者針對T公司目前狀況，以五力分析之「潛在進入者威脅」、「替代性產品或服務威脅」、「供應商議價的能力」、「買方的議價能力」、「產業內競爭程度」五項構面作為研究基礎架構，最後經德爾菲法技術完成專家問卷效度。最終研究結果顯示，T公司競爭力須具備之能力在潛在進入者威脅有6項；替代性產品或服務威脅有6項；供應商議價的能力有7項；買方的議價能力有7項；產業內競爭程度有6項，該研究在未來能夠運用於社交電子商務之研究領域，以探討更多技術策略發展。[[abstract]]With the development of the Internet, peoples shopping costs in physical stores decrease, social information advances, and e-commerce has become the mainstream way of modern shopping. According to Statista, the online shopping population has grown to 1.8 billion and global retail sales of e-commerce has reached US $4.8 trillion. On the other hand, traditional e-commerce has gradually introduced to social commerce, such as live streaming. Social platform also intends to use its huge active users to develop C2C social e-commerce such as Facebook, Instagram and Xiao Hong Shu. Nowadays social commerce has become an important business development trend of the Internet. This study mainly discusses the problems encountered by T company in the process of doing social e-commerce and identify business problems that need to be improved in the future.This study adopts semi-structured in-depth interview and includes Porter five forces analysis (Threats of New Entrants), (Substitutes), (Bargaining Power of Suppliers), (Bargaining Power of Buyers), and (Rivalry). Based on these five aspects, this study will analyze current situation of T company with experts. The validity of expert questionnaire was completed by Delphi method. The final result shows that T company must have the six capabilities in the threats of new entrants; six capabilities in the substitutes; Seven in the bargaining power of suppliers; Seven in the bargaining power of buyers; and six in the rivalry. This study can be applied to the research field of social commerce in the future to explore more technology strategy development
Business to Business (B2B) Sharing Drivers in a Job Shop Production System
No full text[[abstract]]企業對企業（B2B）共享作業車間生產系統中的驅動程序學生：Rahul Kumar 指導教授：Yeneneh Tamirat Negash（Ph.D.）亞洲大學經營管理學系摘要目的– 這項研究從工業製造業的角度考察了共享經濟概念，並通過評估JPS中的B2B共享來擴大信息。這項研究建議在B2B共享中使用驅動因素包括環境保護，經濟利益，社會發展，技術績效，協作實踐和可感知的組織效用。但是，要在JPS中實現B2B共享，應驗證現有驅動程序並確定因果關係。這項研究的目標如下：（1）根據定性信息開發一套有效的B2B共享驅動程序； （2）分析具有語言偏愛的驅動因素之間的因果關係；以及（3）確定在不確定情況下切實可行的改進標準。方法- 本研究使用模糊Delphi方法（FDM）和模糊決策試驗與評估方法（FDEMATEL）。 FDM是為了確保有效性，並由表達他們對JPS觀點的專家組達成共識。 FDEMATEL將屬性之間的相互關係歸結為因果關係組。原創性/價值– 在JPS中，B2B共享起著至關重要的作用，因為小批量產品已在按訂單生產的系統中變得很普遍。為了獲得可持續的競爭優勢並在獨特的全球競爭中取得優勢，必須優化資源和運營。在B2B共享中，公司應促進共享經濟的利益，並在TBL之間保持平衡，並力爭保持長期的可持續市場。結果– 結果表明，協作實踐（A5），技術績效（A4）和經濟利益（A2）是JPS中B2B驅動程序的重要方面。首要的因果標準被確定為外包勞務（C23），共享信息（C20, 數字平台（C18），工作場所和活力（C13），新技術（C17）並提高了成本效率（C8）。這些標準為管理人員改善印度JPS中的B2B共享實踐提供了實用的解決方案。研究局限性– 提出的屬性是從文獻中收集的，可能導致對現有研究的依賴。這項研究僅限於印度JPS中B2B共享驅動程序的30位專家，6個方面和27條標準，可能不適用於其他國家。因此，在未來的研究中應包含大量屬性，以實現屬性之間的全面相互關係。[[abstract]]Business to Business (B2B) Sharing Drivers in a Job Shop Production SystemStudent: Rahul Kumar Advisor: Yeneneh Tamirat Negash (Ph.D.)Department of Business AdministrationAsia UniversityABSTRACTPurpose– This study examines the sharing economy concepts from an industrial manufacturing perception and broadens information by evaluating B2B sharing in JPS. This study proposes using drivers in the B2B sharing are environmental protection, economic benefits, social development, technological performance, collaborative practices and perceived organizational utilities. However, to implement the B2B sharing in the JPS, the existing drivers should be validated and the causal interrelationship is identified. The objectives of this study are as follows: (1) To develop a valid set of B2B sharing drivers based on qualitative information; (2) To analyze the cause-effect interrelationships among the drivers with linguistic preferences and; (3) To determine criteria for a practicable improvement under uncertainty.Methodology–This study uses the fuzzy Delphi method (FDM) and fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation method (FDEMATEL). FDM is for validity and reaching consensus by a group of experts’ that expresses their opinion on JPS. FDEMATEL addresses the interrelationships among the attributes into a causal and effect group.Originality/Value– In JPS, B2B sharing plays a critical role since small batches of products have become common in make-to-order manufacturing systems. To achieve sustainable competitive advantage and prevail in unique global competition both resources and operations must be optimized. In B2B sharing, firms should promote the sharing economy’s benefits and maintain a balance between the TBL and aim to keep a long-term sustainable marketplace.Findings– The results indicate that the collaborative practice (A5), technological performance (A4) and economic benefits (A2) are important aspects of B2B drivers in JPS. The top causal criteria were identified as outsourced labor service (C23), share information (C20), digital platform (C18), workplace and vitality (C13), new technologies (C17) and increases cost-efficiency (C8). These criteria provide a practical solution for managers to improve B2B sharing practices in JPS in India.Research Limitations– The presented attributes were collected from the literature that could lead to the dependence on the existing studies. This study is limited to thirty experts, 6 aspects and 27 criteria in B2B sharing drivers in JPS in India, that might not be applicable to other countries. Therefore, large number of attributes should be included in future studies to attain comprehensive interrelationships among attributes