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A Study of Non-arm’s Length Transactions Offences
No full text[[abstract]]企業貪瀆犯罪型態及手法，隨時空環境變遷，犯罪態樣越趨複雜，越具國際性、組織性之大型企業發生危機，其損失越大，影響層面也越大。證券交易法不合常規交易犯罪為企業貪瀆之重要型態之一，然以抽象構成要件如「不利益交易」、「不合營業常規」、「重大損害」等不確定法律概念為條文內容，以致於造成適用上困難，向來遭以違反罪刑明確性原則詬病之。本文擬分析不合常規交易構成要件中各要素，並介紹、評析實務相關案例，以釐清該罪內容，期待對具體案件適用有所助益。 不合常規交易所規範之行為主體，面對法律規定應受忠實義務、善良管理人注意義務之檢驗。然實務上衍生避免事後結果論斷董事責任而發展之商業判斷原則，亦與是否足以阻?違法，扮演舉足輕重之角色，我國實務上就該原則形成及引用之演進，本文亦為相當探討。 本文結構上先於第二章就企業貪瀆意涵及規範為討論；第三章不合常規交易之本質--普通刑法相關財產犯罪之探討；第四章就不合常規交易立法目的、保護法益、構成要件為探討；第五章就特別背信、侵占罪為相關探討；第六章再就不合常規交易適用上相關爭議問題為探討；第七章就不合常規交易不同類型諸如掏空公司資產、利益輸送、假交易等實務案例判決書內容為研究及評析；第八章說明不合常規交易罪規範主體受任人義務及衍生之商業判斷原則；最後以第九章結論與建議。[[abstract]]The patterns and means of enterprise corruption offenses vary with time and situations. Both of them have become more and more complex. The loss caused and the impacts made by such offenses correspond with the internationalization and the size of the institution of enterprises at issue. The authorities have tried hard to deal with those offenses. Among them, the non-arm's-length transaction offense stipulated in Article 171 Section 1 paragraph 2 of the Securities and Exchange Act in Taiwan is noteworthy. Too many overly abstract constituent elements, such as “disadvantageous transactions,” “ not in the normal course of operation,” and “substantial damages,” are employed in the law. These elements nevertheless result in difficulties for law enforcement and therefore have always been criticized for violating the principle of the need for constituent clarity in criminal law. This thesis intends to analyze those ambiguous elements provided in the non-arm's-length offenses through surveying practical cases and court decisions to delineate the definition of those elements and the reach of this offense aiming to resolve difficulties in the application of the law at issue in the future. Meanwhile, this thesis also examines the business judgment rule widely adopted in the U.S. decisions to suggest a reasonable scope of qualified offenders
The influences of rescue training and rescue skill proficiency of field firefighters on job stress: Taking first rescue crops in Taichung City as an example
No full text[[abstract]]隨著災害型態越來越多樣以及複合式災害發生頻繁，在有限的消防人力下，為了提升救護品質，平時也必須不斷的進行救護訓練，藉此增加救護熟練度。但若是平日救護訓練品質不佳，或是對緊急救護執行步驟不熟練時，就有可能讓外勤消防人員在緊急救護過程中產生工作壓力，進而危及病患的安全。因此，本研究將期望能夠了解外勤消防人員平時的救護訓練和救護熟練度對工作壓力的影響程度，以做為提高緊急傷病患到院前救護品質之建議。本研究依據上述研究動機，提出以下研究目的：1.探討外勤消防人員的平時救護訓練、救護熟練度、工作壓力的現況。2.探討不同背景變項外勤消防人員在平時救護訓練、救護熟練度、工作壓力的差異情形。3.探討外勤消防人員的平時救護訓練、救護熟練度對工作壓力之影響性。本研究將實施問卷調查法，以臺中市消防局第一救災救護大隊所屬單位為研究範圍，在以領有合格救護技術員證書且有實際於消防分隊執行緊急救護勤務的外勤消防人員為研究對象。共計100人收到調查問卷。在研究工具方面，本研究參考救護訓練項目、到院前緊急醫療救護、工作壓力等相關文獻，再依據實務救護經驗，設計「外勤消防人員平時救護訓練、救護熟練度對工作壓力之調查問卷」，最後將所回收之問卷資料以敘述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、迴歸分析驗證本研究假設。研究結果顯示：1.不同緊急救護技術員資格外勤消防人員對救護熟練度各構面有顯著差異。2.不同背景外勤消防人員對平時救護訓練與工作壓力各構面均沒有顯著差異。平時救護訓練之師資構面對救護熟練度與工作壓力的影響程度達顯著水準。3.救護熟練度之心肺復甦術和藥物處置構面對工作壓力的影響程度達顯著水準。[[abstract]]With the increasing variety of disaster types and the frequent occurrence of compound disasters, it is necessary to continuously conduct rescue training to increase the skill of rescue in order to improve the quality of rescue with limited firefighting manpower. But, if the quality of daily rescue training is poor or unskilled in the emergency rescue procedures, it is possible to produce work pressure on the field firefighters during the emergency rescue process, which will endanger the safety of the patient. Therefore, this study anticipates to understand influence degree of the firefighters' daily rescue training and rescue proficiency on work pressure, which is used as a suggestion to improve the quality of emergency care before hospitalization. Based on the above-mentioned research motivation, this research proposes the following research objectives: 1. Exploring the current situation of field firefighters' daily rescue training, rescue proficiency, and work pressure. 2. Discussing the differences in rescue training, rescue proficiency, and work pressure of field firefighters with different background variables. 3. Discussing the influence of daily rescue training and rescue proficiency of field firefighters on work pressure.This study implemented a questionnaire survey method, taking the unit of the Fire Department in the first rescue corps of Taichung City as the research scope, and taking field firefighters who obtained a qualified ambulance technician certificate and actually performed emergency rescue duties in the fire department as the research subjects. A total of 100 people received the questionnaire. In terms of research tools, this research refers to relevant literatures on first aid training projects, emergency medical care before arrival, work stress, etc., and then we designed a "questionnaire for field firefighters' usual rescue training and first aid proficiency versus work stress" based on practical first aid experience. Finally, descriptive statistics, independent sample t test, single factor variance analysis, and regression analysis were used to verify the hypotheses of this research with the collected questionnaire data.The research results show as follows: 1. Field firefighters with different emergency rescue technician qualifications have significant differences in various aspects of rescue proficiency. 2. Field firefighters of different backgrounds have no significant differences in the aspects of normal rescue training and work pressure. 3. The proficiency degree of CPR and drug treatment influences on the work pressure has reached a significant level
Improved design and development of portable trinity oxygen resuscitator set combined first aid kit
No full text[[abstract]]摘要 到院前緊急救護服務，是為了減少病患病情惡化，快速且正確的給予呼吸道疾病患者，以及突發性氧氣需求患者適當的處置，可以改善患者的狀況，但現今全國外勤消防分隊所配發的三合一攜型式氧氣甦醒器組急救包，功能性及便利性非常的不足，如何能改善緊急救護現場的呼吸道處置，這個問題便成為此次研究的討論。 本研究首先對於現有三合一攜型式氧氣甦醒器組急救包優缺點進行分析，參考某款功能性較好之緊急救護背包，歸納出本次研究所需要改善的規格樣式進行製作，使設計之改良版三合一攜型式氧氣甦醒器組急救包，在外觀上明確分類標示給氧耗材，能於救護現場快速且方便的操作給氧治療，使患者能在運送途中，獲得更有效率的供氧品質，減少救護人員於現場處置的時間，盡早將患者送醫。 本研究經「醫療專業處置人員操作測試」後，測試之人員為現場緊急救護人員，皆認為本次研究設計改良之三合一攜型式氧氣甦醒器組急救包較以往其他版本更為便利使用。[[abstract]]ABSTRACT The pre-hospital emergency medical service is to reduce the deterioration of the patient’s condition. The rapid and correct treatment with respiratory diseases, and sudden oxygen demand patients, can improve the patient’s condition. However, it’s now issued by the national field fire brigade. The portable trinity oxygen resuscitator set combined first aid kit has very insufficient functionality and convenience. How to improve the respiratory tract treatment at the emergency rescue site has become the discussion of this study. This research first analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the existing portable backpack, referring to a functional emergency first-aid backpack, and summarizing the specifications and styles that need to be improved in this research to make an improved version of the design can make oxygen consumables are clearly classified and marked on the appearance, quickly and conveniently operate oxygen therapy at the rescue site, so that patients can obtain more efficient oxygen supply quality during transportation, reducing the time for rescuers to deal with on-site, as soon as possible The patient is sent to a doctor. After the "Medical Professional Disposal Personnel Operation Test" in this study, the test personnel were on-site emergency rescuers. They all believed that the improved portable trinity oxygen resuscitator set in this study was more convenient to use than other previous versions
Evaluating the Pathways between Intolerance of Uncertainty, Anxiety, Extended Mind and Nomophobia among College Students
No full text[[abstract]]無法容忍不確定性;焦慮;延伸心智;無手機恐懼[[abstract]]Intolerance of uncertainty;Anxiety;Extended mind;Nomophobi
Using gold and semiconductor biosensors for the detection of Salmonella spp. in food samples
No full text[[abstract]]近??，國內外食品安全問題層出?窮，例如食品病原菌等造成的問題，會嚴重影響人民健康， 其中， 沙門氏菌為食源性疾病常見因之一。然而傳統 檢測方 法 有 費時、費工及靈敏度等問題，目前新型生物晶片結合電化學阻抗譜 ( Electrochemical impedance Spectroscopy ; EIS) 為可能解決上述問題的方案。因此 本研究乃利用上述技術結合 1. 沙門氏菌特異性 DNA片段，與 2. 沙門氏菌之抗體，開發出新型生物晶片結合 EIS技術之原型。本研究以半導體生物晶片檢測沙門氏菌特異性 DNA片段，及金電極、針狀晶片檢測抗體抗原之結合，結果顯示半導體晶片最低檢測極限為 DNA濃度 5 x 10 5 ng/μl 而針狀及金電極晶片 最低靈敏度為102 ~ 103 CFU/ml，分析檢測出的阻抗值後，統計並計算出樣品組是否為陰性或陽性，在未來可開發成快速檢驗之產品，有望在更短時間內獲得可靠結果 ，提供有效的食品安全解決方案 。[[abstract]]In recent years, there have been numerous of food safety issues, such as food borne pathogens, which can seriously affect human health. Among them, Salmonella is one of the common causes of foodborne illness. Traditional testing methods for bacteria usually time consuming, labor intensive. Recently, The biosensor combined with Electrochemical impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) techoology may be a possible solution to the above mentioned problem. Therefore, in this study, we try to develop a prototype of a novel biochip incorporated EIS technologyto detect 1. Salmonella specific DNA fragment and 2. Salmonella spp. polyclonal antibody using the above technology.In this study, we use semiconductor biochip to detection Salmonella specific DNA fragment and a gold electrode and needle type chip for the detection of the Salmonella antibodies and antigens.Results showed that the detection limit of the semiconductor chipis 5 x 10 5 ng/μl DNA concentration. The sensitivity ofneedle and gold electrode chip is 102 ~ 103 CFU/ml. In the future, the prototype could be improved into a rapid inspection product,which is expected to obtain reliable results in a shorter period of time and provide an effective food safety solution
The effects of rosmarinic acid on the amelioration of cisplatin-induced cell damages in rat renal proximal tubular cells NRK-52E
No full text[[abstract]]40年來癌症已高居台灣十大死因首位。癌症的治療除了切除原位癌之外，化學治療為全身性且較常使用的治療手段。但是，癌症化學治療藥劑對正常細胞易引起毒性，造成多種不良症狀，進而影響身體機能，嚴重降低患者生活品質。順鉑(cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II, cisplatin)是一種常用於癌症治療之藥物，透過抑制 DNA 合成和誘發細胞凋亡等機制而有效抑制腫瘤生長，但經常導致嚴重的腎臟毒性、神經問題以及嚴重的噁心和嘔吐等諸多副作用。近年許多研究證實，植物化學物質(phytochemicals)可透過抗氧化、抗發炎等作用而改善癌藥副作用。迷迭香酸(rosmarinic acid)為酚酸類化合物的一種，具有抗氧化(antioxidation)和抗發炎(antiinflammation)的能力，也證實具有抗癌(anticancer)作用，甚至在近年的研究中更證實可減輕癌症第一線用藥唐黴素(doxorubicin)誘發心肌細胞凋亡的毒性、神經毒性以及睪丸傷害等。但，迷迭香酸是否可減輕順鉑或者其他癌藥引起的副作用及其機制仍需探討。因此，本研究擬探討迷迭香酸對減少順鉑引起腎臟細胞毒性的可能效用和機制。結果發現，順鉑(20-50μM)會造成正常腎細胞NRK-52E存活率下降，並引起p53介導的細胞凋亡(apoptosis)路徑蛋白的改變，包括上調p53和caspase-3蛋白表現，並使抗凋亡指標蛋白Bcl-2下降，可能是順鉑造成正常腎臟細胞死亡的分子機制。在預培養迷迭香酸(1-50μM)的情況下，順鉑降低細胞存活率的作用有減少的趨勢，且迷迭香酸的預處理也抑制順鉑所引起的p53凋亡路徑相關蛋白的改變。此外，在本試驗的條件下，順鉑並沒有增加脂質過氧化(lipid peroxidation)、胞內活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)和胞外一氧化氮(nitric oxide, NO)含量。綜合以上結果，在正常腎臟細胞中，順鉑會透過活化p53介導的細胞凋亡訊息路徑導致細胞死亡，而迷迭香酸的預處理可以有效阻斷該路徑，而減少順鉑對細胞造成的傷害。因此，本研究證實迷迭香酸具有改善順鉑引起腎毒性的潛力。[[abstract]]Between 1982 to 2021, cancer has been a leading cause of death in Taiwan. Most patients are already at an advanced stage at the time the diagnosis is confirmed. The primary choice of treatment is chemotherapy. However, cytotoxicity and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents are major limitations to its clinical use. Further, these effects reduce their therapeutic effect and often result in a myriad of undesirable symptoms that affect physical functioning and the quality of life. Cisplatin, an anticancer drug widely used to treat various types of cancers, exerts chemotherapeutic effects by cross-linking DNA and interfering in the transcription and replication processes to trigger cell death. However, cisplatin induces several side effects, such as nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and severe nausea and vomiting, limiting their clinical application. Many studies have demonstrated that phytochemicals can ameliorate chemotherapy-induced side effects through their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory functions. Rosmarinic acid is a phenolic acid compound that exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro and in vivo and has been proven to have anticancer effect. Rosmarinic acid can reduce first-line cancer drug doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity and testicular damage. Further, rosmarinic acid can attenuate cisplatin or other cancer drug-induced side effects; however, the mechanisms of its effects still need to be verified. Thus, in this study, we assessed the effects and mechanisms of rosmarinic acid on attenuating cisplatin-induced renal cytotoxicity. After incubation with different concentrations of rosmarinic acid (1–50 μM) for 24 h, we determined cell viability, lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, nitric oxide (NO) levels, and p53-dependent apoptosis-related protein levels in a cisplatin-induced cytotoxic model in NRK-52E normal kidney cells. We showed that cisplatin (20–50 μM) decreases cell viability, induces changes in the p53-mediated apoptosis pathway proteins, including upregulating p53 and caspase-3 protein expression, and decreases the levels of the anti-apoptotic indicator protein Bcl-2, which may be the molecular mechanism of cisplatin-induced cell death. After incubation with different concentrations of rosmarinic acid (1–50 μM), the cytotoxicity and regulation of p53-dependent apoptosis-related protein levels induced by cisplatin was restored. Furthermore, cisplatin did not increase lipid peroxidation and levels of intracellular ROS and extracellular NO under the conditions of this study. Based on the above results, in normal kidney cells, cisplatin can lead to cell death by activating the p53-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway, and pretreatment with rosmarinic acid can effectively block this pathway and reduce the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin. We conclude that rosmarinic acid has the potential to ameliorate cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity
Survey of the presence of β-agonist agents contain in meat by immunity rapid test method and LC-MS/MS in Nantou County
No full text[[abstract]]本論文之目的在於完整調查南投市內乙型接受體致效劑(β-agonist agents)瘦肉精含量狀況，並建立乙型接受體致效劑(β-agonist agents)瘦肉精萊克多巴胺(Ractopamine)在肉品中以免疫層析技術之分析技術，檢驗樣品包括生鮮冷藏肉品及冷凍肉品，另為釐清是否有含有瘦肉精的台灣生產豬肉存在，故進一步以 21 種瘦肉精進行調查，委託中央畜產會檢驗機構，以衛授食字第1101901019號 食品中動物用藥殘留量檢驗方法－乙型接受體致效劑類多重殘留分析，110年5月1日至110年5月20日隨機收集南投市售 42 件牛肉類及豬肉類為檢體，結果可為台灣養殖業肉瘦精使用現況，作一完整調查，並可完成污染背景值分佈，並進行討論風險評估及研訂限量標準。乙型接受體致效劑 (β-agonist agents)，原用於人類或豬馬牛等畜牧業氣管疾病之用藥，後來發現豬馬牛等畜牧肉類使用瘦肉精後可增加畜牧肉類的瘦肉比例，減少養殖時間，獲得較大的生產效益，但人類若食用殘留瘦肉精的肉品後，會有疑慮有非選擇性或選擇性乙型接受體致效劑的藥理機轉，輕者心悸或肌肉震顫或暈眩嘔吐，孕婦小孩或相關疾病者食用後更會有嚴重後果，為了消弭民眾食的疑慮，本研究採用的方法為商用萊克多巴胺商用套組，最低靈敏度2 ppb，使用簡單方便，整個操作步驟過程 5 分鐘可完成。本論文依牛豬加強抽驗計畫，針對知名餐飲業、火鍋店、攤販販售業者等風險較高業者，原預計抽驗50件產品，實際執行抽驗共42件，執行期間於110年5月1日起展開肉品瘦肉精體檢，截至5月20日止共抽驗42件檢體，其中牛肉類18件（42％）、豬肉類24件（58％），以萊克多巴胺商用套組驗出 1 件美國牛肉樣品含萊克多巴胺。另為釐清是否有含有瘦肉精的台灣生產豬肉存在，針對21種乙型接受體致效劑(β-agonist agents)進行分析檢驗，送驗42件產品結果共有34件（80％）未檢出，4件（10％）檢出，4件（10％）無報告，檢出之檢體種類均為牛肉，檢出之瘦肉精為 ractopamine，檢出數值之範圍為0.002至0.007 ppm，檢出國家均為美國。依據行政院衛福部公告之「動物用藥殘留標準」，台灣生產肉品中皆不得檢出乙型接受體致效劑，台灣生產豬肉均未檢出21種瘦肉精，可保障民眾食在安心的權益。商用萊克多巴胺商用套組與液相層析串聯質譜儀法比對，其中1件與公告方法結果相符，但有3件出現偽陰性，建議檢驗應以政府正式公告方法之結果為判斷依據。[[abstract]]The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of β-agonist agents contain in meat in Nantou County. We first established the Elisa immunity rapid test method of analysis of β-agonist agent, then the samples of meat were collected from traditional markets or retail shops and analyzed for the β-agonist agents. The kit uses the principle of immunochromatography assay. It can detect ractopamine in muscle samples. After adding the sample solution into the sample well of detection card, ractopamine of the sample solution combine with the gold-labelled antibody, so as to prevent the combining of gold-labelled antibody with RAC conjugate on the cellulose membrane.The Elisa ractopamine rapid test kit method was applied to 42 samples of meat, β-agonist agent was found in one sample and detected in more than the 0.02 ppb. The results showed that β-agonist agents in in Nantou County were low risk in meat, it has to been continuing monitor to protect consumer health. The LC-mass-mass method was applied to 42 samples of meat. Ractopamine was detected in two samples measurable at 0.002-0.007 ppm. In conclusion, this study had shown that the Elisa rapid test kit and HPLC methods could be applied successfully to analyze β-agonist agents occurred in meat in Nantou County
The impact of primary caregivers’ oral health literacy and children’s bad oral habits on children’s oral health problems
No full text[[abstract]]背景：口腔健康是人體的健康重要指標，許多研究也證實口腔疾病會誘發系統性疾病。2017年全球疾病負擔(The Global Burden of Diseases, GBD )指出超過35億人患有口腔疾病。兒童乳牙齲齒不僅會影響恆牙發育，持續不良的口腔健康習慣也會造成恆牙齲齒。故口腔健康促進，應從兒童時期即著手開始。目的：本研究主要目的在探討臨床上兒童牙科就診之兒童的主要照顧者口腔健康識能，及兒童日常生活口腔不良習慣對兒童口腔健康問題的影響。方法：本研究招募4~12歲就診於員林基督教醫院兒童牙科門診之兒童及其主要照顧者共206人。以中文版成人口腔健康識能量表（Mandarin version of the Oral Health Literacy-Adult Questionnaire,MOHL-AQ）測量主要照顧者之口腔健康識能分數，並收集主要照顧者及兒童人口學基本資料、兒童是否有口腔不良習慣以及從病歷資料收集口腔健康問題之數據。以統計軟體SPSS 20，將人口學資料、臨床資料等背景變項資料以描述性統計、無母數分析及卡方檢定法驗證變項間的關係，當統計p值小於0.05代表具有統計上顯著差異性。結果：本研究發現兒童口腔不良習慣中以磨牙(53.73%)、口呼吸(38.81%)、咬嘴唇咬指甲(35.07%)發生比例較高。主要照顧者教育程度越高其口腔健康識能分數也愈高(p<0.001)。主要照顧者口腔健康識能分數愈高，兒童發生咬嘴唇咬指甲的情況較多(p=0.012)、有較多比例讓兒童做矯正(p=0.038)且兒童發生蛀牙比例較少(p=0.002)。兒童若有口呼吸(p=0.026)與舌頭前推(p=0.014)的習慣，其做矯正比例顯著較高。結論：主要照顧者口腔健康識能程度高，對兒童口腔健康有正面的影響(蛀牙較少、較高比例讓兒童矯正牙齒)。在臨床上應建議加強主要照顧者口腔健康識能並加強宣導口呼吸及舌頭前推會導致齒列不正的觀念，以促進兒童口腔健康。[[abstract]]Background：Oral health is an important indicator of human health, and many studies have revealed the oral diseases causes systemic diseases. In 2017, the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) had revealed that more than 3.5 billion people suffer from oral diseases. More than 530 million children worldwide suffer from deciduous tooth decay. Children’s deciduous tooth decay will cause the incidence of permanent tooth decay. The persistent bad oral health habits also affect the development of permanent teeth. Therefore, the oral health promotion should begin since childhood. Purpose：This study aims to investigate the effects of the oral health literacy score of the caregivers and the children’s bad oral habits on children’s oral health problems among the children who visit the pediatric dental clinic. We anticipate the research outcomes could find the potential hazards that affect children’s oral health and provide the reference to the clinical end to raise health strategies in pediatric oral preventive dentistry. Methods：We will enroll 200 primary oral health caregivers who take 4-12 years old children to the dental clinic in Yuanlin Christian Hospital. We will test the caregivers’ oral health literacy using the mandarin version of the oral health literacy-adult questionnaire (MOHL-AQ), collect their demographic data, record their children’s bad oral habits, and record the oral health problems in the medical records. We will calculate the correlation of each variable with SPSS software. Results：This study revealed the leading prevalence of children’s bad oral habits were grinding teeth (53.73%), mouth breathing (38.81%), and lip and nail biting (35.07%). The primary caregiver who has a higher education level gets a higher oral health literacy score (p=0.001); their children have more incidence of lip and nail biting (p=0.012), a greater proportion receive orthodontic treatment (p=0.038), and the lower incidence of tooth decay (p=0.002). A higher proportion of children who have mouth breathing (p=0.026) and tongue pushing (p=0.014) receive orthodontic treatment. Conclusions：The primary caregivers with a high level of oral health literacy positively affect children's oral health (less tooth decay and a higher proportion conducting orthodontic treatment). We suggested the clinical end should enhance the primary caregiver’s oral health literacy and announce the concept that the mouth breathing and tongue pushing can lead to malocclusion to promote children’s oral health
Implementation of a Conference Minute Generation System Using Deep-learning Neural Networks with Speaker Identification
No full text[[abstract]]會議紀錄的工作需要在快速進行的議程中，同時分辨說話者身分與說話內容，並且正確的記錄內容是十分沉重而繁雜的工作；會議進行中也經常出現與會者雖然出席，但卻不知道討論內容是什麼狀況；大型會議主持人與出席人員也可能不知道發言的人是誰，或聽不清楚發言的內容。本文的目的在於開發一項自動產生會議記錄的系統，自動將會議內容轉換為文字記錄，減少會議紀錄的記錄時間與人力成本，並找出會議中的關鍵辭，讓與會者能快速地了解會議主題與方向，避免發生文不對題的狀況。本文系統包含三部分：中文語者辨識(speaker identification)、語音辨識(speech recognition)、與關鍵辭辨識。在語者辨識的部份透過使用遷移式學習(transfer learning)以自製語料庫訓練YAMNet卷積神經網路（Convolutional Neural Network, CNN）辨識說話的語者；語音辨識使用Google- Speech- to- text API將語音資料轉換為文字。最後把語者及語音辨識結果同時顯示出來，達到自動產生會議紀錄的功能。在關鍵辭辨識使用 Jieba 中文斷詞工具，以先前辨識的文字紀錄為基礎，偵測出現頻率較高的字詞當作關鍵辭，讓與會者即時掌握目前會議的重點。實驗結果證明本文方法可以準確的辨識中文語者的身分，同時也能正確的辨識出不同講者說話的內容，完成會議記錄與辨識語音中的關鍵辭。[[abstract]]The work of recording meeting minutes requires one to recognize the speaker and what they said simultaneously as the agenda proceeds. Verifying the content of meeting minutes is also a heavy workload. Although attendants are present at the meeting, they may not be clear about the main point of the agenda, which happens all the time; furthermore, the host and attendants of the conference may not know who the speaker is and struggle to hear the speech. We aim to develop a system that generates meeting/conference minutes automatically. This task is implemented by transferring speech signals to text and finding the meeting/ conference keywords. So the proposed system can decrease time-consuming and labor costs, keep attendants on track, and help them get to the point effectively. The system includes Chinese speaker identification, speech recognition, and keyword spotting. Regarding speaker identification, we used transfer learning with a self-made database to train YAMNet convolutional neural network. Google Speech-to-text API supports speech recognition. After speaker identification and speech recognition, the system shows the results to realize automatically generated meeting/ conference minutes. In addition, we apply Jieba for Chinese word segmentation. We detect the words’ frequency of occurrence based on the recognized results from Google API. High appearance words are determined as keywords that can help attendants stay with the agenda. The experimental results show that the proposed system can identify speakers precisely and recognize speech accurately. Therefore, the meeting/conference minutes can be generated while the keywords are spotted correctly
The Innovation of Taiwan's Variety Shows-Taking All Star Sports Day as an Example
No full text[[abstract]]隨著時代的演進，臺灣的綜藝節目開始加入了不同元素、類型和變化，而在臺灣，體育運動相關的話題本身就充滿著熱潮，臺灣影視籌劃人員也漸漸開始拍攝體育競技類型的綜藝節目，並順勢影響了臺灣民眾對於運動的想法。 本論文將研究臺灣觀眾收看綜藝節目〈全明星運動會〉的動機，並以收看的觀眾作為研究對象，採用問卷調查，探討觀眾對於節目的收視行為與動機和滿意程度，最後透過因素分析瞭解〈全明星運動會〉的熱門因素與節目爭議，也期許往後的節目能夠參考該案例，拍攝出更多元的新型態節目。研究結果發現，〈全明星運動會〉主要收視年齡約為15～25歲為主，會影響觀眾願意收看〈全明星運動會〉以專業裁判度為主，喜歡的藝人選手參賽為動機之主要因素，而閱聽人認為賽事競爭激烈為節目最大的看點。對於臺灣綜藝節目的資料有限，因此本論文提供臺灣創新綜藝節目方面的素材，有效地幫助未來臺灣綜藝節目相關發展。[[abstract]]With the evolution of the times, Taiwan’s variety shows have added different elements, types and changes. In Taiwan, sports-related topics are full of upsurges. Television planners have gradually begun to shoot sports competition-type variety shows. It also influenced the thoughts of Taiwanese on sports.The sports competition reality program “All Star Sport Day” jointly produced by SET and TTV. It has innovative methods, popular sports topics, and the attendance of local stars. Not only accumulates fans and audiences of different ages but also wins the affirmation of the 56th Golden Bell Award. In other words, It successfully wins the “Puzzle and Reality Program Award” and “Program Innovation Award” in 2021.This paper will study the motives of Taiwanese audiences to watch the variety show “All Star Sport Day” . Using a questionnaire survey to explore the audience's viewing behavior, motivation and satisfaction with the show. to understand the popular factors of "All-Star Games" through factor analysis . Hope that the programs of Taiwanese in future can refer to this case and shoot more diverse new-style programs. The results of the study found that the main viewing age of " All Star Sport Day " is about 15 to 25 years old, which will affect the audience's willingness to watch " All Star Sport Day ". Professional judges are the main factors, and favorite artists and contestants are the main factors of motivation. The audience believed that the fierce competition was the biggest highlight of the program. The information on Taiwan variety shows is limited, so this paper provides materials for Taiwan's innovative variety shows to help effectively develop Taiwan's variety shows in the future